Pretraumatic prolonged elevation of salivary MHPG predicts peritraumatic distress and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder
Open accessAbstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with elevated catecholamines and increased sympathetic arousal. However, it is unknown whether this condition is a pre-existing vulnerability factor for PTSD or an acquired result of either trauma exposure or the development of PTSD symptoms. We sought to examine if salivary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol (MHPG) in response to a laboratory stressor prior to critical incident exposure predicts the development of PTSD symptoms and if early childhood trauma influences this relationship. In a prospective cohort study, 349 urban police officers were assessed during academy training (baseline) and 243 were reassessed 12 months after the start of active duty (follow-up). At baseline, participants observed a video consisting of police critical incidents. Salivary MHPG was measured before and immediately after the challenge, and after 20min recovery. At follow-up, peritraumatic distress and PTSD symptoms were assessed in relationship to the worst critical incident during the past year. Participants with childhood trauma showed a trend towards higher MHPG increase to the challenge. Higher MHPG levels after 20min recovery were associated with both higher levels of peritraumatic distress and PTSD symptoms at follow-up. In a path analysis, elevated MHPG levels predicted higher peritraumatic distress which in turn predicted higher levels of PTSD symptoms while the direct effect of elevated MHPG levels on PTSD symptoms was no longer significant. Prolonged elevation of salivary MHPG in response to a laboratory stressor marks a predisposition to experience higher levels of peritraumatic distress and subsequently more PTSD symptoms following critical incident exposure.
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Increased risk of PTSD development is associated with pre-existing dysregulations of (para)sympathetic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes.
“An increased risk of PTSD development is associated with pre-existing dysregulations of (para)sympathetic [17,18] and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes [20,21], as well as dysregulations of central fear responses prior to [22] and shortly after trauma exposure [23,24].”
From Efficacy of oxytocin administration early after psychotrauma in preventing the development of PTSD: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial (2014) · cites this paper as [18]
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- Authors
- Apfel, B. A., Otte, C., Inslicht, S. S., McCaslin, S. E., Henn-Haase, C., Metzler, T. J., Makotkine, I., Yehuda, R., Neylan, T. C., & Marmar, C. R.
- Affiliations
- San Francisco VA Medical Center (US)
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- New York University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Psychiatric Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-06
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 735-741
- ISSN
- 0022-3956 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3095664
- OpenAlex
- W2102827684
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 2.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Psychiatric Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIMH (5R01-MH056350-10)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, MHPG, peritraumatic distress, early childhood trauma, laboratory stressor, police officers, critical incidents, sympathetic activation, catecholamines
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk Factors, Saliva, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Stress, Psychological, Time Factors, Police
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