Brain activation predicts treatment improvement in patients with major depressive disorder
Open accessAbstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with alterations in brain function that might be useful for therapy evaluation. The current study aimed to identify predictors for therapy improvement and to track functional brain changes during therapy. Twenty-one drug-free patients with MDD underwent functional MRI twice during performance of an emotional perception task: once before and once after 4 weeks of antidepressant treatment (mirtazapine or venlafaxine). Twelve healthy controls were investigated once with the same methods. A significant difference between groups was a relative greater activation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in the patients vs. controls. Before treatment, patients responding better to pharmacological treatment showed greater activation in the dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC), posterior cingulate cortex (pCC) and superior frontal gyrus (SFG) when viewing of negative emotional pictures was compared with the resting condition. Activations in the caudate nucleus and insula contrasted for emotional compared to neutral stimuli were also associated with successful treatment. Responders had also significantly higher levels of activation, compared to non-responders, in a range of other brain regions. Brain activation related to treatment success might be related to altered self-referential processes and a differential response to external emotional stimuli, suggesting differences in the processing of emotionally salient stimuli between those who are likely to respond to pharmacological treatment and those who will not. The present investigation suggests the pCC, dmPFC, SFG, caudate nucleus and insula may have a key role as a biological marker for treatment response and predictor for therapeutic success.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
PCC activity has been associated to pharmacological treatment response before.
“However, activity in PCC was one of the strongest predictor of treatment response in our data, which has been associated to pharmacological treatment response before (47–49).”
From SSRI Treatment Response Prediction in Depression Based on Brain Activation by Emotional Stimuli (2020) · cites this paper as [49]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory
Oldfield, R. C. (1971) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4 · Cited by 35,900 · see citing works
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817 · see citing works
Tzourio-Mazoyer, N., Landeau, B., Papathanassiou, D., Crivello, F., Etard, O., Delcroix, N., Mazoyer, B., & Joliot, M. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0978 · Cited by 16,319 · see citing works
A default mode of brain function
Raichle, M. E., MacLeod, A. M., Snyder, A. Z., Powers, W. J., Gusnard, D. A., & Shulman, G. L. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.98.2.676 · Cited by 12,190 · see citing works
Statistical parametric maps in functional imaging: A general linear approach
Friston, K. J., Holmes, A. P., Worsley, K. J., Poline, J. ‐., Frith, C. D., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1994) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.460020402 · Cited by 9,688 · see citing works
Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex
Alexander, G. E., DeLong, M. R., & Strick, P. L. (1986) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.09.030186.002041 · Cited by 8,527 · see citing works
Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging
Fox, M. D., & Raichle, M. E. (2007) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2201 · Cited by 6,700 · see citing works
Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression
Mayberg, H. S., Lozano, A. M., Voon, V., McNeely, H. E., Seminowicz, D., Hamani, C., Schwalb, J. M., & Kennedy, S. H. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.02.014 · Cited by 4,059 · see citing works
Functional neuroanatomy of emotion: A meta-analysis of emotion activation studies in PET and fMRI
Phan, K. L., Wager, T., Taylor, S. F., & Liberzon, I. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1087 · Cited by 3,502 · see citing works
Mayberg, H. S., Liotti, M., Brannan, S. K., McGinnis, S., Mahurin, R. K., Jerabek, P. A., Silva, J. A., Tekell, J. L., Martin, C. C., Lancaster, J. L., et al. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.5.675 · Cited by 2,416 · see citing works
Resting-State Functional Connectivity Reflects Structural Connectivity in the Default Mode Network
Greicius, M. D., Supekar, K., Menon, V., & Dougherty, R. F. (2009) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn059 · Cited by 2,175 · see citing works
Neurobiology of emotion perception I: the neural basis of normal emotion perception
Phillips, M. L., Drevets, W. C., Rauch, S. L., & Lane, R. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00168-9 · Cited by 2,173 · see citing works
Subcortical and cortical brain activity during the feeling of self-generated emotions
Damasio, A. R., Grabowski, T. J., Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Ponto, L. L. B., Parvizi, J., & Hichwa, R. D. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/79871 · Cited by 2,117 · see citing works
The functional neuroanatomy of emotion and affective style
Davidson, R. J., & Irwin, W. (1999) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(98)01265-0 · Cited by 1,684 · see citing works
Limbic-cortical dysregulation: a proposed model of depression
(1997) · The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1176/jnp.9.3.471 · Cited by 1,585 · see citing works
Vogt, B. A., Finch, D. M., & Olson, C. R. (1992) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/2.6.435-a · Cited by 1,315 · see citing works
Sheline, Y. I., Price, J. L., Yan, Z., & Mintun, M. A. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1000446107 · Cited by 1,196 · see citing works
Sheline, Y. I., Barch, D. M., Donnelly, J. M., Ollinger, J. M., Snyder, A. Z., & Mintun, M. A. (2001) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01263-x · Cited by 1,191 · see citing works
The subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in mood disorders
Drevets, W. C., Savitz, J., & Trimble, M. (2008) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900013754 · Cited by 1,109 · see citing works
Goldapple, K., Segal, Z., Garson, C., Lau, M., Bieling, P., Kennedy, S., & Mayberg, H. (2004) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.1.34 · Cited by 1,068 · see citing works
Anand, A., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Wu, J., Gao, S., Bukhari, L., Mathews, V. P., Kalnin, A., & Lowe, M. J. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.02.021 · Cited by 787 · see citing works
Fu, C. H. Y., Williams, S. C. R., Cleare, A. J., Brammer, M. J., Walsh, N. D., Kim, J., Andrew, C. M., Pich, E. M., Williams, P. M., Reed, L. J., et al. (2004) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.9.877 · Cited by 775 · see citing works
Neuroanatomical correlates of happiness, sadness, and disgust
Lane, R. D., Reiman, E. M., Ahern, G. L., SCHWARTZ, G. E. R., & Davidson, R. J. (1997) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.154.7.926 · Cited by 742 · see citing works
Kennedy, S. H., Evans, K. R., Krüger, S., Mayberg, H. S., Meyer, J. H., McCann, S., Arifuzzman, A. I., Houle, S., & Vaccarino, F. J. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.6.899 · Cited by 710 · see citing works
Pet imaging of serotonin 1A receptor binding in depression
Drevets, W. C., Frank, E., Price, J. C., Kupfer, D. J., Holt, D., Greer, P. J., Huang, Y., Gautier, C., & Mathis, C. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00189-4 · Cited by 666 · see citing works
Surguladze, S., Brammer, M. J., Keedwell, P., Giampietro, V., Young, A. W., Travis, M. J., Williams, S. C. R., & Phillips, M. L. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.10.028 · Cited by 633 · see citing works
Drevets, W. (2002) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0924-977x(02)00102-5 · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Lawrence, N. S., Williams, A. M., Surguladze, S., Giampietro, V., Brammer, M. J., Andrew, C., Frangou, S., Ecker, C., & Phillips, M. L. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.11.017 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Serretti, A., Kato, M., De Ronchi, D., & Kinoshita, T. (2007) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001926 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
Meyer, J. H., Wilson, A. A., Sagrati, S., Hussey, D., Carella, A., Potter, W. Z., Ginovart, N., Spencer, E. P., Cheok, A., & Houle, S. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.5.826 · Cited by 517 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Venlafaxine blocks 5-HT transporters (5-HTT), particularly in subcortical regions (Meyer et al., 2004).”
BackgroundUse of fMRI to Predict Recovery From Unipolar Depression With Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Siegle, G. J., Carter, C. S., & Thase, M. E. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.4.735 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Effect of Acute Antidepressant Administration on Negative Affective Bias in Depressed Patients
Harmer, C. J., O’Sullivan, U., Favaron, E., Massey-Chase, R., Ayres, R., Reinecke, A., Goodwin, G. M., & Cowen, P. J. (2009) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09020149 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Functional neuroimaging studies of human emotions
Phan, K. L., Wager, T. D., Taylor, S. F., & Liberzon, I. (2004) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900009196 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Insular cortex and neuropsychiatric disorders: A review of recent literature
Nagai, M., Kishi, K., & Kato, S. (2007) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.02.006 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
The pharmacologic profile of mirtazapine.
de Boer, T. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Automatic Mood-Congruent Amygdala Responses to Masked Facial Expressions in Major Depression
Suslow, T., Konrad, C., Kugel, H., Rumstadt, D., Zwitserlood, P., Schöning, S., Ohrmann, P., Bauer, J., Pyka, M., Kersting, A., et al. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.07.023 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Wu, J. C., Buchsbaum, M. S., Gillin, J. C., Tang, C. Y., Cadwell, S., Wiegand, M. H., Najafi, A., Klein, E., Hazen, K., & Bunney, W. E. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.8.1149 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Brain Activation during Facial Emotion Processing
Gur, R. C., Schroeder, L. F., Turner, T. H., McGrath, C., Chan, R. M., Turetsky, B. I., Alsop, D. C., Maldjian, J. A., & Gur, R. E. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1097 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Martin, S. D., Martin, E., Rai, S. S., Richardson, M. A., & Royall, R. (2001) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.7.641 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Neuroanatomical correlates of a lactate-induced anxiety attack.
Reiman, E., Raichle, M., Robins, E., Mintun, M., Fusselman, M. J., Fox, P. T., Price, J., & Hackman, K. A. (1989) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810060013003 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Effect of sertraline on regional metabolic rate in patients with affective disorder
Buchsbaum, M. S., Wu, J. C., Siegel, B. V., Hackett, E., Trenary, M., Abel, L., & Reynolds, C. A. (1997) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00097-2 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Brain metabolic changes in major depressive disorder from pre- to post-treatment with paroxetine
Brody, A. L., Saxena, S., Silverman, D. H. S., Fairbanks, L. A., Phelps, M. E., Huang, S., Wu, H.-M., Maidment, K. M., Baxter, L. R., & Alborzian, S. (1999) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/s0925-4927(99)00034-7 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Seger, C. A. (2007) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.07.010 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
The role of the basal ganglia in learning and memory: Neuropsychological studies
Grahn, J. A., Parkinson, J. A., & Owen, A. M. (2008) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.11.020 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Genetic predictors of response to antidepressants in the GENDEP project
Uher, R., Huezo-Diaz, P., Perroud, N., Smith, R., Rietschel, M., Mors, O., Hauser, J., Maier, W., Kozel, D., Henigsberg, N., et al. (2009) · The Pharmacogenomics Journal · doi:10.1038/tpj.2009.12 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Anterior Paralimbic Mediation of Procaine-Induced Emotional and Psychosensory Experiences
Ketter, T. A. (1996) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830010061009 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Subgenual anterior cingulate activation to valenced emotional stimuli in major depression
Gotlib, I. H., Sivers, H., Gabrieli, J. D. E., Whitfield-Gabrieli, S., Goldin, P., Minor, K. L., & Canli, T. (2005) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/01.wnr.0000183901.70030.82 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Leuchter, A. F., Cook, I. A., Marangell, L. B., Gilmer, W. S., Burgoyne, K. S., Howland, R. H., Trivedi, M. H., Zisook, S., Jain, R., McCracken, J. T., et al. (2009) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.06.004 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Haddjeri, N., Blier, P. U., & de Montigny, C. (1996) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)12944-3 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Leuchter, A. F., Cook, I. A., Gilmer, W. S., Marangell, L. B., Burgoyne, K. S., Howland, R. H., Trivedi, M. H., Zisook, S., Jain, R. K., D, M. F. M., et al. (2009) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.04.004 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Neuronal correlates of emotional processing in patients with major depression
Frodl, T., Scheuerecker, J., Albrecht, J., Kleemann, A. M., Müller-Schunk, S., Koutsouleris, N., Möller, H., Brückmann, H., Wiesmann, M., & Meisenzahl, E. M. (2008) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622970701624603 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationThe α2-adrenoceptor antagonist Org 3770 enhances serotonin transmission in vivo
de Boer, W. M., Nefkens, F. E. W., & Helvoirt, A. V. (1994) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(94)90778-1 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
A role of the basal ganglia and midbrain nuclei for initiation of motor sequences
Boecker, H., Jankowski, J., Ditter, P., & Scheef, L. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.09.069 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Devoto, P., Flore, G., Pira, L., Longu, G., & Gessa, G. L. (2004) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.01.018 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Wagner, G., Koch, K., Schachtzabel, C., Sobanski, T., Reichenbach, J. R., Sauer, H., & Schlösser, R. G. M. (2010) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.090081 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Changes in Regional Cerebral Blood Flow With Venlafaxine in the Treatment of Major Depression
Davies, J., Lloyd, K. R., Jones, I. K., Barnes, A., & Pilowsky, L. S. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.2.374 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Different Effects of Mirtazapine and Venlafaxine on Brain Activation
Frodl, T., Scheuerecker, J., Schoepf, V., Linn, J., Koutsouleris, N., Bokde, A. L. W., Hampel, H. J., Möller, H., Brückmann, H., Wiesmann, M., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.09m05393blu · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationNorbury, R., Selvaraj, S., Taylor, M. J., Harmer, C., & Cowen, P. J. (2010) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291709990596 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Ottowitz, W. E., Dougherty, D. D., Sirota, A. D., NIAURA, R. S., Rauch, S. L., & Brown, W. A. (2004) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.16.4.446 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Walter, M., Matthiae, C., Wiebking, C., Rotte, M., Tempelmann, C., Bogerts, B., Heinze, H., & Northoff, G. (2007) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20506 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Ketter TA, Andreason PJ, George MS, Lee C, Gill DS, Parekh PI, et al. Anterior para- limbic medication of procaine-induced emotional and psychosensory experi- ences. Archives of General Psychiatry 1996;53:59e69.
- Ustun TB, Sartorius N. Mental illness in primary care: an international study. Chi- chester, England: John Wiley & Sons; 1995.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Fu, C. H. Y., Steiner, H., & Costafreda, S. G. (2013) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2012.05.008 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Dunlop, B. W., Rajendra, J. K., Craighead, W. E., Kelley, M. E., McGrath, C. L., Choi, K. S., Kinkead, B., Nemeroff, C. B., & Mayberg, H. S. (2017) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16050518 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Neuropsychological mechanism underlying antidepressant effect: a systematic meta-analysis
Ma, Y. (2015) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2014.24 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
A review of fMRI studies during visual emotive processing in major depressive disorder
Jaworska, N., Yang, X.-R., Knott, V., & MacQueen, G. (2015) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622975.2014.885659 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Goldin, P., Ziv, M., Jazaieri, H., & Gross, J. J. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00295 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Neuroimaging-based biomarkers for treatment selection in major depressive disorder
Dunlop, B. W., & Mayberg, H. S. (2014) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2014.16.4/bdunlop · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Intrinsic Brain Network Biomarkers of Antidepressant Response: a Review
Dunlop, K., Talishinsky, A., & Liston, C. (2019) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-019-1072-6 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Default mode network deactivation during emotion processing predicts early antidepressant response
Spies, M., Kraus, C., Geissberger, N., Auer, B., Klöbl, M., Tik, M., Stürkat, I.-L., Hahn, A., Woletz, M., Pfabigan, D. M., et al. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2016.265 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
MRI predictors of pharmacotherapy response in major depressive disorder
Gerlach, A. R., Karim, H. T., Peciña, M., Ajilore, O., Taylor, W. D., Butters, M. A., & Andreescu, C. (2022) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103157 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Rizvi, S. J., Salomons, T. V., Konarski, J. Z., Downar, J., Giacobbe, P., McIntyre, R. S., & Kennedy, S. H. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.050 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Kalsi, N., Altavilla, D., Tambelli, R., Aceto, P., Trentini, C., Di Giorgio, C., & Lai, C. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00927 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
SSRI Treatment Response Prediction in Depression Based on Brain Activation by Emotional Stimuli
Preuss, A., Bolliger, B., Schicho, W., Hättenschwiler, J., Seifritz, E., Brühl, A. B., & Herwig, U. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.538393 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
- Authors
- Samson, A. C., Meisenzahl, E., Scheuerecker, J., Rose, E., Schoepf, V., Wiesmann, M., & Frodl, T.
- Affiliations
- Trinity College Dublin (IE)
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Samson, Andrea C.
- Venue
- Journal of Psychiatric Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-04
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1214-22
- ISSN
- 0022-3956 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2037037154
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 5.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Psychiatric Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) (submittedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Lenus, The Irish Health Repository (Dr Steevens Hospital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Science Foundation Ireland
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, antidepressant response, treatment response prediction, brain activation, emotion perception, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, superior frontal gyrus, caudate nucleus, insula, mirtazapine, venlafaxine, biomarkers, self-referential processing
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Antidepressive Agents, Brain, Brain Mapping, Major Depressive Disorder, Emotions, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Oxygen, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Predictive Value of Tests, Reaction Time
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
