Heterogeneity in patterns of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and sleep disturbances among firefighters: latent profile analyses
Abstract
Firefighters are at increased risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and sleep disturbances due to occupational trauma exposure as well as the nature of their job (e.g., shift work, workplace stress). PTSD symptoms co-occur with sleep disturbances, including poor sleep quality, short sleep duration, and low sleep efficiency. No published studies have examined subgroups of firefighters based on PTSD symptoms and sleep disturbances. Thus, we used latent profile analysis to identify the best-fitting class solution to categorize firefighters based on endorsed PTSD symptoms and sleep disturbances and examined relations between the optimal class solution and health covariates (i.e., anger reactions, depression symptoms, emotion regulation difficulties, number of traumatic event types). The sample included 815 trauma-exposed firefighters (M age = 38.63; 93.20% male). Results indicated three latent subgroups: High PTSD-Sleep Disturbances, Moderate PTSD-Sleep Disturbances, and Low PTSD-Sleep Disturbances. Multinomial logistic regression indicated that endorsing greater anger reactions, depression symptoms, and emotion regulation difficulties increased the chances of being in the more severe classes. Endorsing greater number of traumatic event types increased the chances of being in the Moderate vs. Low PTSD-Sleep Disturbances Classes. Findings improve our understanding of subgroups of firefighters based on PTSD and sleep disturbances and underscore the importance of addressing depression symptoms, anger management, and emotion regulation skills for firefighters reporting more severe PTSD symptoms and sleep disturbances.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In subsequent studies with fire fighters, difficulties in emotion regulation accounted for the link between depression and insomnia and were linked with PTSD symptom severity, sleep difficulties, and alcohol use.
“In subsequent studies with fire fighters, difficulties in emotion regulation accounted for the link between depression and insomnia and were linked with PTSD symptom severity, sleep difficulties, and alcohol use (16, 17, 57–59).”
From Pilot outcomes and exploration of treatment mechanisms using a culturally adapted version of the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders to improve mental health symptoms, alcohol misuse, functional outcomes, and sleep quality in emergency responders (2025) · cites this paper as [57]
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369 · see citing works
Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing
Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x · Cited by 109,482 · see citing works
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267 · see citing works
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4 · Cited by 35,234 · see citing works
Nylund, K. L., Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. O. (2007) · Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705510701575396 · Cited by 11,415 · see citing works
Auxiliary Variables in Mixture Modeling: Three-Step Approaches Using M plus
Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. (2014) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705511.2014.915181 · Cited by 3,634 · see citing works
Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.64.6.1152 · Cited by 3,595 · see citing works
Latent Class Modeling with Covariates: Two Improved Three-Step Approaches
Vermunt, J. K. (2010) · Political Analysis · doi:10.1093/pan/mpq025 · Cited by 2,370 · see citing works
Ten frequently asked questions about latent class analysis.
Nylund-Gibson, K. K., & Choi, A. Y. (2018) · Translational Issues in Psychological Science · doi:10.1037/tps0000176 · Cited by 2,362 · see citing works
Latent Class Analysis and Finite Mixture Modeling
Masyn, K. E. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199934898.013.0025 · Cited by 1,466 · see citing works
Bjureberg, J., Ljótsson, B., Tull, M. T., Hedman, E., Sahlin, H., Lundh, L.-G., Bjärehed, J., DiLillo, D., Messman-Moore, T., Gumpert, C. H., et al. (2016) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-015-9514-x · Cited by 1,081 · see citing works
Circadian rhythm disruption and mental health
Walker, W. H., Walton, J. C., DeVries, A. C., & Nelson, R. J. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0694-0 · Cited by 1,030 · see citing works
Wortmann, J. H., Jordan, A. H., Weathers, F. W., Resick, P. A., Dondanville, K. A., Hall-Clark, B., Foa, E. B., Young-McCaughan, S., Yarvis, J. S., Hembree, E. A., et al. (2016) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000260 · Cited by 913 · see citing works
The Epidemiology of Trauma, PTSD, and Other Posttrauma Disorders
Breslau, N. (2009) · Trauma, Violence, & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838009334448 · Cited by 810 · see citing works
636,120 Ways to Have Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Galatzer-Levy, I. R., & Bryant, R. A. (2013) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691613504115 · Cited by 778 · see citing works
Disturbed sleep in post-traumatic stress disorder: secondary symptom or core feature?
Spoormaker, V. I., & Montgomery, P. (2008) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.08.008 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Nylund-Gibson, K. K., Bellmore, A. D., Nishina, A., & Graham, S. (2007) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01097.x · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Foa, E. B., Riggs, D. S., Massie, E. D., & Yarczower, M. (1995) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(05)80096-6 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Anger, hostility, and posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults: A meta-analysis.
Orth, U., & Wieland, E. (2006) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.698 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Polysomnographically measured sleep abnormalities in PTSD: A meta‐analytic review
Kobayashi, I., Boarts, J. M., & Delahanty, D. L. (2007) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2007.537.x · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Stanley, I. H., Hom, M. A., & Joiner, T. E. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.12.002 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Germain, A., Buysse, D. J., & Nofzinger, E. (2008) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.09.003 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Minkel, J. D., Banks, S., Htaik, O., Moreta, M. C., Jones, C. W., McGlinchey, E. L., Simpson, N. S., & Dinges, D. F. (2012) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0026871 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Weiss, N. H., Tull, M. T., Viana, A. G., Anestis, M. D., & Gratz, K. L. (2012) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.01.007 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Etiology of depression comorbidity in combat-related PTSD: a review of the literature
Stander, V. A., Thomsen, C. J., & Highfill-McRoy, R. M. (2014) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.12.002 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Sleep and REM sleep disturbance in the pathophysiology of PTSD: the role of extinction memory
Pace-Schott, E. F., Germain, A., & Milad, M. R. (2015) · Biology of Mood & Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1186/s13587-015-0018-9 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Anger and combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder
Novaco, R. W., & Chemtob, C. M. (2002) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/a:1014855924072 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Prevalence and impact of short sleep duration in redeployed OIF soldiers
Luxton, D. D., Greenburg, D., Ryan, J., Niven, A., Wheeler, G., & Mysliwiec, V. (2011) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.1236 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Investigating Subtypes of Child Development
DiStefano, C., & Kamphaus, R. W. (2006) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164405284033 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Forbes, D., Alkemade, N., Mitchell, D., Elhai, J. D., McHugh, T., Bates, G., Novaco, R. W., Bryant, R., & Lewis, V. (2014) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22148 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Post-traumatic stress disorder and sleep—what a nightmare!
Pillar, G., Malhotra, A., & Lavie, P. (2000) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.1999.0095 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Sleep and affect in older adults: using multilevel modeling to examine daily associations
McCrae, C. S., McNamara, J. P. H., Rowe, M. A., Dzierzewski, J. M., Dirk, J., Marsiske, M., & Craggs, J. G. (2008) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00621.x · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Effects of comorbid diagnoses on sleep disturbance in PTSD
Leskin, G. A., Woodward, S. H., Young, H., & Sheikh, J. I. (2002) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3956(02)00025-0 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Wagner, U. (2002) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000021940.35402.51 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Prevalence, Correlates, and Predictors of Insomnia in the US Army prior to Deployment
Taylor, D. J., Pruiksma, K. E., Hale, W. J., Kelly, K., Maurer, D., Peterson, A. L., Mintz, J., Litz, B. T., & Williamson, D. E. (2016) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.6156 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Chen, M., Chou, F. H., Sun, F., Chen, P., Tsai, K., & Chao, S.-S. (2007) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-007-9248-7 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Vargas de Barros, V., Martins, L. F., Saitz, R., Bastos, R. R., & Ronzani, T. M. (2013) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105312443402 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Empirically derived lifespan polytraumatization typologies: A systematic review
Contractor, A. A., Caldas, S. V., Fletcher, S., Shea, M. T., & Armour, C. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22586 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Hom, M. A., Stanley, I. H., Rogers, M. L., Tzoneva, M., Bernert, R. A., & Joiner, T. E. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.5492 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Harned, M. S., & Linehan, M. M. (2008) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2007.08.006 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Dreams and exposure therapy in PTSD
Rothbaum, B. O., & Mellman, T. A. (2001) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/a:1011104521887 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Short Sleep Duration by Occupation Group — 29 States, 2013–2014
Shockey, T. M., & Wheaton, A. G. (2017) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6608a2 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Latent Classes of PTSD Symptoms in Vietnam Veterans
Steenkamp, M. M., Nickerson, A., Maguen, S., Dickstein, B. D., Nash, W. P., & Litz, B. T. (2012) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445512450908 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Patterns and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder in refugees: A latent class analysis
Minihan, S., Liddell, B. J., Byrow, Y., Bryant, R. A., & Nickerson, A. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.010 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Mohr, D. C., Vedantham, K., Neylan, T. C., Metzler, T. J., Best, S. R., & Marmar, C. R. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000041404.96597.38 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Contractor, A. A., Roley‐Roberts, M. E., Lagdon, S., & Armour, C. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.029 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Sleepy anger: Restricted sleep amplifies angry feelings.
Križan, Z., & Hisler, G. C. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0000522 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
van Wyk, M., Thomas, K. G. F., Solms, M., & Lipinska, G. (2016) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000115 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Duty‐Related Trauma Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Professional Firefighters
Lee, J. H., Lee, D., Kim, J., Jeon, K., & Sim, M. (2017) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22180 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Walters, E. M., Jenkins, M. M., Nappi, C. M., Clark, J. W., Lies, J., Norman, S. B., & Drummond, S. P. A. (2019) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000478 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Influence of Multiple Traumatic Event Types on Mental Health Outcomes: Does Count Matter?
Gerber, M. M., Frankfurt, S. B., Contractor, A. A., Oudshoorn, K., Dranger, P., & Brown, L. A. (2018) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-018-9682-6 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Lewis, C., Lewis, K. S., Kitchiner, N., Isaac, S., Jones, I. R., & Bisson, J. I. (2020) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2020.1767349 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Pickett, S. M., Barbaro, N., & Mello, D. (2015) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000064 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Hisler, G. C., & Križan, Z. (2017) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2017.08.009 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Response bias influences mental health symptom reporting in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Bardwell, W. A., Ancoli‐Israel, S., & Dimsdale, J. E. (2001) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15324796abm2304_11 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Weiss, N. H., Contractor, A. A., Forkus, S. R., Goncharenko, S., & Raudales, A. M. (2020) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22497 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Relation between lifespan polytrauma typologies and post-trauma mental health
Contractor, A. A., Brown, L. A., & Weiss, N. H. (2017) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.10.005 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea in Veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder
El-Solh, A. A., Adamo, D., & Kufel, T. (2018) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-017-1618-y · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Reliability of sleep log data versus actigraphy in veterans with sleep disturbance and PTSD
Westermeyer, J., Sutherland, R. J., Freerks, M., Martin, K., THURAS, P. D., Johnson, D. R., Rossom, R. C., & Hurwitz, T. D. (2007) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.11.009 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Nugent, N. R., Koenen, K. C., & Bradley, B. (2012) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.07.012 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-reported sleep problems among the elderly: A latent class analysis
Yu, J., Mahendran, R., Abdullah, F. N. M., Kua, E. H., & Feng, L. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.078 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Chen, H., Hsu, N., & Chou, P. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62374-4 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Leigh, L., Hudson, I. L., & Byles, J. (2015) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12324 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The impact of five nights of sleep restriction on emotional reactivity
Tempesta, D., Salfi, F., Gennaro, L. D., & Ferrara, M. (2020) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13022 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Hannan, S. M., & Orcutt, H. K. (2020) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000577 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Typologies of PTSD clusters and reckless/self-destructive behaviors: A latent profile analysis
Contractor, A. A., & Weiss, N. H. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.124 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Examination of the heterogeneity in PTSD and impulsivity facets: A latent profile analysis
Contractor, A. A., Caldas, S. V., Weiss, N. H., & Armour, C. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.12.022 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Bondjers, K., Willebrand, M., & Arnberg, F. K. (2018) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2018.1546083 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Effects of traumatic stress on firefighters' world assumptions.
Wagner, S. L., McFee, J. A., & Martin, C. A. (2008) · Traumatology An International Journal · doi:10.1177/1534765608323441 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Affect, emotion dysregulation, and sleep quality among low-income women
Hoag, J. R., Tennen, H. A., Stevens, R. G., Coman, E., & Wu, Z. H. (2016) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2016.08.006 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Baraldi, A. N., & Enders, C. K. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199934898.013.0027 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Yıldırım, A., & Boysan, M. (2017) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1007/s41105-017-0097-7 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Posttraumatic stress disorder and sleep quality among urban firefighters in Thailand
Khumtong, C., & Taneepanichskul, N. (2019) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s207764 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Social Desirability in the Assessment of Trauma
Brunet, A., Boucher, C., & Boyer, R. (1996) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1996.79.2.511 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Psychosocial factors affecting sleep quality of pre-employed firefighters: a cross-sectional study
Lim, M., Lee, S., Seo, K., Oh, H.-J., Shin, J.-S., Kim, S.-K., Kang, H.-T., Jeong, K. S., Oh, S., Koh, S. B., et al. (2020) · Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e12 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Contractor, A. A., Weiss, N. H., Schick, M. R., Batley, P. N., Forkus, S. R., & Sharma, R. (2020) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102195 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Examining relations of polytraumatization typologies with positive memory count and phenomenology
Contractor, A. A., Kearns, N. T., Weiss, N. H., & Blumenthal, H. (2020) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2020.1795644 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Dolan, M., Jin, L., Sharma, R., Weiss, N. H., & Contractor, A. A. (2022) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0001050 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Wallen, G. R., Lee, L. J., Krumlauf, M., & Brooks, A. T. (2018) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2018.1425867 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Jin, L., Keegan, F. S., Weiss, N. H., AlGhraibeh, A. M. A., Aljomaa, S. S., Almuhayshir, A. R., & Contractor, A. A. (2021) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0001118 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in firefighters and its association with insomnia
Abbasi, M., Jalilolghadr, S., Soltanabadi, M., & Yazdi, Z. (2020) · Policy and Practice in Health and Safety · doi:10.1080/14773996.2019.1708613 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Jin, L., Dolan, M., Contractor, A. A., Weiss, N. H., & Dranger, P. (2020) · Behaviour change · doi:10.1017/bec.2020.7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Salleh, M. N. M., Ismail, H., & Yusoff, H. M. (2020) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Baker, L. D., Ponder, W. N., Carbajal, J., Galusha, J. M., Hidalgo, J. E., & Price, M. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.10.038 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Job Stress and Sleep Disturbances Among Career Firefighters in Northern California
Chin, D. L., Odes, R., & Hong, O. (2023) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002901 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Messman, B., Fentem, A., Compton, S. E., Griffith, E. L., Blumenthal, H., Contractor, A. A., & Slavish, D. C. (2023) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2023.08.025 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Kim, J. I., Min, B., Lee, J.-H., Park, H., & Kim, J. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.159 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Schuman, D. L., Yockey, R. A., Ponder, W. N., & Carbajal, J. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.167 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Messman, B., Jin, L., Slavish, D. C., AlGhraibeh, A. M. A., Aljomaa, S. S., & Contractor, A. A. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.125 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Jin, L., Compton, S. E., Al-Khaz’Aly, H., & Contractor, A. A. (2025) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2024.2447202 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Carbajal, I., Barrita, A. M., & Martinez, L. C. (2024) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-024-02085-5 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Çi̇men, F., Seçer, İ., & Pakiş, A. K. (2025) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.70168 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Meyer, E. C., Roth, S. G., Coe, E., Taylor, D. J., & Gulliver, S. B. (2025) · Frontiers in Health Services · doi:10.3389/frhs.2025.1452976 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Görlich, T., Borck, V., Hüttermann, N., Pahnke, F., Wellendorff, T., & Wesemann, U. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13192395 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ramarushton, B., Griffith, E. L., Messman, B., Contractor, A. A., Slavish, D. C., Zamboanga, B. L., & Blumenthal, H. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.10.006 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
McGrew, S. J., Zegel, M., Lebeaut, A., Schwartz, R. M., Gonzalez, A., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2024) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-024-10526-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
O’Dell, K. D., Winch, A. T., Su, S., Bowers, C. A., Newins, A. R., & Beidel, D. C. (2026) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2026.117045 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Meyer, E. C., Farchione, T. J., Kimbrel, N. A., Kwok, O., Pennington, M. L., Rostockyj, J. A., & Gulliver, S. B. (2025) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2025.101537 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Investigation of stress symptoms and interventions in firefighters
Lorensen, T. (2024) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.248234
Cheng, S., Zhan, J., Gan, H., Shang, Z., Jia, Y., Yan, W., Liu, W., & Chen, G. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03553-8
- Authors
- Griffith, E. L., Jin, L., Contractor, A. A., Slavish, D. C., & Vujanovic, A. A.
- Affiliations
- University of North Texas (US)
- University of Calgary (CA)
- University of Houston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Vujanovic, Anka A.
- Venue
- Journal of Psychiatric Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-09
- Volume
- 153
- Pages
- 64-72
- ISSN
- 0022-3956 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4283694870
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 3.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Psychiatric Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Performance
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, sleep disorders, firefighters, occupational trauma exposure, anger reactions, depressive symptoms, emotional dysregulation, shift work
- MeSH terms
- Emotional Regulation, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Firefighters
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
