The association between sleep disturbances and depression among firefighters: Emotion dysregulation as an explanatory factor
Open accessAbstract
Study objectives To investigate emotion regulation difficulties in association with self-reported insomnia symptoms, nightmares, and depression symptoms in a sample of current and retired firefighters.Methods A total of 880 current and retired United States firefighters completed a web-based survey of firefighter behavioral health. Self-report measures included the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, PTSD Checklist, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale.Results A notable portion of participants reported clinically significant depression symptoms (39.6%) and insomnia symptoms (52.7%), as well as nightmare problems (19.2%), each of which demonstrated a strong association with emotion regulation difficulties (rs = 0.56-0.80). Bootstrapped mediation analyses revealed that the indirect effects of overall emotion regulation difficulties were significant both for the relationship between insomnia and depression (95% CI: 0.385-0.566) and nightmares and depression (95% CI: 1.445-2.365). Limited access to emotion regulation strategies emerged as the strongest, significant indirect effect for both relationships (insomnia 95% CI: 0.136-0.335; nightmares 95% CI: 0.887-1.931).Conclusions Findings extend previous affective neuroscience research by providing evidence that insomnia and nightmares may influence depression symptoms specifically through the pathway of explicit emotion regulation difficulties. Sleep disturbances may impair the ability to access and leverage emotion regulation strategies effectively, thus conferring risk for negative affect and depression.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Mental health conditions common in firefighters include PTSD, depression, anxiety, and substance abuse, which may cause a greater risk for suicidal thoughts and attempts.
“Mental health conditions common in firefighters include post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and substance abuse which may cause a greater risk for suicidal thoughts and attempts [7,29,30,31].”
From The Cyclical Battle of Insomnia and Mental Health Impairment in Firefighters: A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [30]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says firefighters are at elevated risk for depression, and the study reports high rates of depressive symptoms. It links suicidal ideation and behaviors to nightmares and insomnia, not to the listed mental health conditions. The cited paper does not establish that PTSD, anxiety, and substance abuse are common in firefighters or that those conditions increase their risk of suicidal thoughts and attempts. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredEstimates of depression prevalence in firefighter populations are significantly higher than the general population, for example 40%.
“A large study estimates the 12-month depression prevalence to be between 5.5 and 6.0% in the general population [57] where estimates are significantly higher in firefighter populations (e.g., 40% [30]).”
From The Cyclical Battle of Insomnia and Mental Health Impairment in Firefighters: A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [30]
The Results (Descriptive Statistics; page unavailable) report that 39.6% of the 880 firefighters surveyed had clinically significant depression symptoms, supporting the approximate 40% figure. The paper does not establish a 40% prevalence of diagnosed depression in firefighter populations or test whether it is significantly higher than general-population prevalence; Limitations and Future Directions notes that the convenience sample may limit generalizability. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIndividuals with significant mental health symptoms are at an increased risk of encountering negative emotional states and are less equipped to effectively cope with them, leading to decreased sleep quality and insomnia.
“Thus, individuals are at an increased risk of encountering negative emotional states and are less equipped to effectively cope with them, leading to decreased sleep quality and insomnia [30].”
From The Cyclical Battle of Insomnia and Mental Health Impairment in Firefighters: A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [30]
The Discussion (page not provided) suggests that depression may impair the ability to acknowledge and respond to negative emotions, subsequently affecting sleep quality. The Results (page not provided) also report an association between depression, emotion-regulation difficulties, and insomnia severity. The study examined firefighters, however, and does not establish that individuals generally encounter negative emotional states more often or that these difficulties cause insomnia. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredApproximately one-third of emergency responders meet criteria for other common mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders.
“approximately one-third of emergency responders meet criteria for other common mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders (1, 5, 15–18).”
From Pilot outcomes and exploration of treatment mechanisms using a culturally adapted version of the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders to improve mental health symptoms, alcohol misuse, functional outcomes, and sleep quality in emergency responders (2025) · cites this paper as [17]
The Results (Descriptive Statistics; page unavailable) report clinically significant depression symptoms in 39.6% and insomnia symptoms in 52.7% of the firefighter sample. The paper does not establish that approximately one-third of emergency responders meet diagnostic criteria for depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders: it studied firefighters, reported symptoms rather than diagnoses, and did not report an anxiety-disorder rate. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn subsequent studies with fire fighters, difficulties in emotion regulation accounted for the link between depression and insomnia and were linked with PTSD symptom severity, sleep difficulties, and alcohol use.
“In subsequent studies with fire fighters, difficulties in emotion regulation accounted for the link between depression and insomnia and were linked with PTSD symptom severity, sleep difficulties, and alcohol use (16, 17, 57–59).”
From Pilot outcomes and exploration of treatment mechanisms using a culturally adapted version of the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders to improve mental health symptoms, alcohol misuse, functional outcomes, and sleep quality in emergency responders (2025) · cites this paper as [17]
The Abstract reports significant indirect effects of emotion regulation difficulties on the insomnia–depression relationship in current and retired firefighters, and an association with sleep difficulties. The cited paper does not report a link between emotion regulation difficulties and PTSD symptom severity or alcohol use; those parts of the sentence are not supported by this source. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
In a study of 880 current and retired United States firefighters, 52.7% reported clinically significant insomnia symptoms.
“In a large study by Horn et al. [30], 880 current and retired United States firefighters completed a web-based ISI and 52.7% reported clinically significant insomnia symptoms with 19.2% reporting nightmare problems.”
From The Cyclical Battle of Insomnia and Mental Health Impairment in Firefighters: A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [30]
In the same study of 880 current and retired United States firefighters, 19.2% reported nightmare problems.
“In a large study by Horn et al. [30], 880 current and retired United States firefighters completed a web-based ISI and 52.7% reported clinically significant insomnia symptoms with 19.2% reporting nightmare problems.”
From The Cyclical Battle of Insomnia and Mental Health Impairment in Firefighters: A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [30]
In a study of 880 United States firefighters, 39.6% had clinically significant symptoms of depression.
“Similarly, Horn et al. [30] assessed 880 United States firefighters with cross-sectional surveys and found that 39.6% had clinically significant symptoms of depression, 52.7% had insomnia symptoms, and 19.2% had nightmares; they suggested that insomnia may increase the risk for depression through the impairment of emotional regulation (described below).”
From The Cyclical Battle of Insomnia and Mental Health Impairment in Firefighters: A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [30]
The 69.2% rate of below adequate sleep quality is consistent with rates found among Chinese and Iranian (69.9%) and U.S. firefighters (66%).
“The current results indicated 69.2% of participants reported having below adequate sleep quality, a finding consistent with that found among Chinese and Iranian (69.9%) [27] and U.S. firefighters (66%) [41]”
From Mental Health of Canadian Firefighters: The Impact of Sleep (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
Disordered sleep increases a person's risk of suicide, symptoms of major depressive disorder, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and decreases cognitive functioning.
“Disordered sleep increases a person’s risk of suicide, symptoms of major depressive disorder, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and decreases cognitive functioning [41,42,43].”
From Mental Health of Canadian Firefighters: The Impact of Sleep (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/brm.40.3.879 · Cited by 34,117 · see citing works
Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1023/b:joba.0000007455.08539.94 · Cited by 8,942 · cited 1× · see citing works
“27 In the present study, internal consistency was high for the DERS total score (α = 0.96) and ranged from good to high across the 6 subscales (α = 0.83–0.93).”
InfluentialValidation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research
Bastien, C. (2001) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1389-9457(00)00065-4 · Cited by 8,067 · see citing works
Required sample size to detect the mediated effect
Fritz, M. S., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2007) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01882.x · Cited by 4,810 · see citing works
Morin, C. M., Belleville, G., Bélanger, L., & Ivers, H. (2011) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/34.5.601 · Cited by 4,620 · see citing works
Baglioni, C., Battagliese, G., Feige, B., Spiegelhalder, K., Nissen, C., Voderholzer, U., Lombardo, C., & Riemann, D. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.01.011 · Cited by 2,779 · see citing works
Thinking and Depression: I. Idiosyncratic Content and Cognitive Distortions
BECK, A. T. (1963) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1963.01720160014002 · Cited by 1,308 · see citing works
The human emotional brain without sleep—a prefrontal amygdala disconnect
Yoo, S.-S., Gujar, N., Hu, P., Jolesz, F. A., & Walker, M. P. (2007) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.08.007 · Cited by 1,303 · cited 2× · see citing works
“For instance, an fMRI study conducted by Yoo and colleagues 21 found that among individuals with sleep de - privation, the amygdala—the neurobiological epicenter for emotional experiences—exhibited an amplified response to negative emotional stimuli.”
Walker, M. P., & Stickgold, R. (2006) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070307 · Cited by 1,075 · cited 1× · see citing works
“13 17 Addi - tionally, within clinical samples, those with primary insomnia appear to have greater difficulty perceiving emotional infor - mation from facial expressions using similar affect recognition paradigms.”
Wilkins, K. C., Lang, A. J., & Norman, S. B. (2011) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20837 · Cited by 946 · see citing works
Sleep and emotions: a focus on insomnia
Baglioni, C., Spiegelhalder, K., Lombardo, C., & Riemann, D. (2010) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2009.10.007 · Cited by 873 · see citing works
Sleep restriction worsens mood and emotion regulation in adolescents
Baum, K. T., Desai, A., Field, J., Miller, L. E., Rausch, J., & Beebe, D. W. (2014) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12125 · Cited by 629 · see citing works
Comorbidity of insomnia and depression
Staner, L. (2010) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2009.09.003 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Sleep disturbances as an evidence-based suicide risk factor
Bernert, R. A., Kim, J. S., Iwata, N. G., & Perlis, M. L. (2015) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-015-0554-4 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Self-citationREM sleep depotentiates amygdala activity to previous emotional experiences
van der Helm, E., Yao, J., Dutt, S., Rao, V., Saletin, J. M., & Walker, M. P. (2011) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.10.052 · Cited by 379 · cited 1× · see citing works
“22,23 These findings are consistent with earlier, seminal work from Cartwright and colleagues 24 indicating that REM sleep may play an important role in mood regulation.”
Minkel, J. D., Banks, S., Htaik, O., Moreta, M. C., Jones, C. W., McGlinchey, E. L., Simpson, N. S., & Dinges, D. F. (2012) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0026871 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Carey, M. G., Al-Zaiti, S. S., Dean, G. E., Sessanna, L., & Finnell, D. S. (2011) · Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0b013e318225898f · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for primary insomnia
Edinger, J. D., & Means, M. K. (2005) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.04.003 · Cited by 344 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Although efficacious interventions exist to treat insomnia, such as cognitive be - havioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), 39 this study’s results indicate that supplementation of CBT-I with modules from a therapy focused on addressing emotion dysregulation (e.g., dialectical behavior therapy [DBT],…”
Sleep Deprivation Impairs the Accurate Recognition of Human Emotions
van der Helm, E., Gujar, N., & Walker, M. P. (2010) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/33.3.335 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
The Bidirectional Association Between Depression and Insomnia
Sivertsen, B., Salo, P., Mykletun, A., Hysing, M., Pallesen, S., Krokstad, S., Nordhus, I. H., & Øverland, S. N. (2012) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3182648619 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Cognitive consequences of sleep and sleep loss
Walker, M. P. (2008) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1389-9457(08)70014-5 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Poorer sleep quality is associated with lower emotion-regulation ability in a laboratory paradigm
Mauss, I. B., Troy, A. S., & LeBourgeois, M. K. (2012) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2012.727783 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Manber, R., Bernert, R. A., Suh, S. A., Nowakowski, S., Siebern, A. T., & Ong, J. C. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.1472 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Self-citationA role for REM sleep in recalibrating the sensitivity of the human brain to specific emotions
Gujar, N., McDonald, S. A., Nishida, M., & Walker, M. P. (2011) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq064 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Sleep disturbances and suicide risk: A review of the literature
Bernert, R. A. (2008) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s1248 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Self-citationBernert, R. A., Turvey, C. L., Conwell, Y., & Joiner, T. E. (2014) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1126 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Self-citationCareer prevalence and correlates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among firefighters
Stanley, I. H., Hom, M. A., Hagan, C. R., & Joiner, T. E. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.007 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevalence and Correlates of Frequent Nightmares: A Community-Based 2-Phase Study
Li, S. X., Zhang, B., Li, A. M., & Wing, Y. K. (2010) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/33.6.774 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Longitudinal relationships of insomnia, nightmares, and PTSD severity in recent combat veterans
Pigeon, W. R., Campbell, C. E., Possemato, K., & Ouimette, P. C. (2013) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.09.004 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Role of REM sleep and dream affect in overnight mood regulation: A study of normal volunteers
Cartwright, R., Luten, A., Young, M., Mercer, P., & Bears, M. (1998) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(98)00089-4 · Cited by 142 · cited 3× · see citing works
“20,24 Further work, however, is needed to establish whether DBT or similar treatments may serve as an effective adjunct to CBT-I, as conclusions regarding this therapeutic approach cannot be drawn from this study’s findings.”
Insomnia and depression: a multifaceted interplay
Manber, R., & Chambers, A. S. (2009) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-009-0066-1 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Too Little Sleep Gradually Desensitizes the Serotonin 1A Receptor System
Román, V., Walstra, I., Luiten, P. G. M., & Meerlo, P. (2005) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/28.12.1505 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Vargas de Barros, V., Martins, L. F., Saitz, R., Bastos, R. R., & Ronzani, T. M. (2013) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105312443402 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Emotional Expressiveness in Sleep-Deprived Healthy Adults
Minkel, J. D., Htaik, O., Banks, S., & Dinges, D. F. (2011) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2011.533987 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Altered Emotion Perception in Insomnia Disorder
Kyle, S. D., Beattie, L., Spiegelhalder, K., Rogers, Z., & Espie, C. A. (2014) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.3588 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Social Support, Stress, and Suicidal Ideation in Professional Firefighters
Carpenter, G. S. J., Carpenter, T. P., Kimbrel, N. A., Flynn, E. J., Pennington, M. L., Cammarata, C. M., Zimering, R. T., Kamholz, B. W., & Gulliver, S. B. (2014) · American Journal of Health Behavior · doi:10.5993/ajhb.39.2.5 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Richardson, J. A., Cyr, K. S., Nelson, C. G., Elhai, J. D., & Sareen, J. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.04.008 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Nakajima, S., Inoue, Y., Sasai, T., Okajima, I., Komada, Y., Nomura, T., & Takahashi, K. (2014) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.785 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Radloff LS. The CES-D Scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas 1977;1:385-401.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Stanley, I. H., Hom, M. A., & Joiner, T. E. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.12.002 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Self-citationBullis, J. R., Boettcher, H., Sauer‐Zavala, S., Farchione, T. J., & Barlow, D. H. (2019) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12278 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
“nonacceptance of emotions (Hom et al., 2016; McCracken, Williams, & Tang, 2011).”
Stanley, I. H., Boffa, J. W., Hom, M. A., Kimbrel, N. A., & Joiner, T. E. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.11.037 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citationWolkow, A. P., Barger, L. K., O’Brien, C. S., Sullivan, J. P., Qadri, S., Lockley, S. W., Czeisler, C. A., & Rajaratnam, S. M. W. (2019) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12869 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
“…to sleep disorders, men‐ tal health conditions are also prevalent in firefighters, especially depression and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Hom et al., 2016), which may further contribute to the risk of burnout (Ahola & Hakanen, 2007; Katsavouni, Bebetsos, Malliou, & Beneka, 2016;…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBidirectional associations between daily PTSD symptoms and sleep disturbances: A systematic review
Slavish, D. C., Briggs, M., Fentem, A., Messman, B., & Contractor, A. A. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101623 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Chu, C., Hom, M. A., Rogers, M. L., Stanley, I. H., Ringer, F. B., Podlogar, M. C., Hirsch, J. K., & Joiner, T. E. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.065 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“Further, given that the shiftwork inherent in the firefighter vocation may confer risk for sleep disturbances (Hom et al., 2016), it is important for firefighters to receive sleep hygiene services (e.”
BackgroundSelf-citationStanley, I. H., Boffa, J. W., Smith, L. J., Tran, J. K., Schmidt, N. B., Joiner, T. E., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.05.058 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“, 2017), sleep disturbances (Carey et al., 2011; Hom et al., 2016), and social disconnectedness (Chu et al.”
Self-citationSleep disturbance and cognitive functioning among firefighters
Stout, J. W., Beidel, D. C., Brush, D., & Bowers, C. A. (2020) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105320909861 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“In addition to physical impairment, sleep deprivation in firefighters may be associated with mental health impairment such as binge drinking, poor mental well-being, and depression (Carey et al., 2011; Hom et al., 2016; Vargas de Barros et al., 2013).”
BackgroundKaurin, A., Schönfelder, S., & Wessa, M. (2018) · Journal of counseling and psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000275 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Association between nighttime sleep and successful aging among older Chinese people
Liu, H., Byles, J., Xu, X., Zhang, M., Wu, X., & Hall, J. J. (2016) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2016.04.016 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“Poor sleepquality and insufficient or excessive sleep may cause poor health [43,44].”
BackgroundPaulus, D. J., Gallagher, M. W., Bartlett, B. A., Tran, J., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2018) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.03.012 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Dietch, J. R., Ruggero, C. J., Schuler, K. L., Taylor, D. J., Luft, B. J., & Kotov, R. (2019) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/ocp0000158 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“Previous cross-sectional research in a sample of first responders suggested sleep disturbances and negative affect were linked through emotion dysregulation and specifically a lack of access to emotion regulation strategies (Hom et al., 2016).”
BackgroundKhoshakhlagh, A. H., Sulaie, S. A., Yazdanirad, S., Orr, R. M., Dehdarirad, H., & Milajerdi, A. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13250 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“(2016) [17] United states Malefemale 880 Crosssectional Career/ volunteer 18 to 82 (range) NR Sleep disorder 52.”
BackgroundHua, Z., & Ma, D. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19084676 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Liu, X., Yang, Y., Liu, Z., & Jia, C.-X. (2020) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa130 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Stanley, I. H., Hom, M. A., Spencer‐Thomas, S., & Joiner, T. E. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.06.016 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“…has found that giving individuals the option to provide an email address, and thereby disclose potentially identifiable information, does not appear to systematically preclude participation from individuals reporting more severe suicidal and suicide-related symptoms (Hom et al., 2016a).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPTSD symptoms and suicide risk among firefighters: The moderating role of sleep disturbance.
Healy, N. A., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2021) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0001059 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Ras, J., Kengne, A. P., Smith, D. L., Soteriades, E. S., November, R. V.-C., & Leach, L. L. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191911946 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Stanley, E. A., & Larsen, K. L. (2019) · Armed Forces & Society · doi:10.1177/0095327x19848018 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Emotion regulation during adolescence: Antecedent or outcome of depressive symptomology?
France, K. D., Lennarz, H. K., Kindt, K. C. M., & Hollenstein, T. (2018) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/0165025418806584 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Mental Health of Canadian Firefighters: The Impact of Sleep
Cramm, H., Richmond, R., Jamshidi, L., Edgelow, M., Groll, D., Ricciardelli, R., MacDermid, J. C., Keiley, M., & Carleton, R. N. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182413256 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“firefighters (66%) [41], suggesting that this is an ongoing concern for firefighters globally.”
BackgroundMental health of UK firefighters
Wolffe, T. A. M., Robinson, A., Clinton, A., Turrell, L., & Stec, A. A. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-24834-x · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Latent profile analysis of post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth among firefighters
Shin, Y., Nam, J. K., Lee, A., & Kim, Y. (2023) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2022.2159048 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“These psychological difficulties can worsen due to their job characteristics such as frequent trauma exposure and shift work, increasing the risk of depression and suicide (Boffa et al., 2017; Carey et al., 2011; Hom et al., 2016).”
BackgroundSchakel, W., Bode, C., van de Ven, P. M., van der Aa, H. P. A., Hulshof, C. T. J., van Rens, G. H. M. B., & van Nispen, R. M. A. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0224340 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Jang, E. H., Hong, Y.-J., Kim, Y., Lee, S., Ahn, Y., Jeong, K. S., Jang, T. W., Lim, H., Jung, E., Shift Work Disorder Study Group, et al. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17238738 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“In another study, a sleep health program that included a 30-minute sleep education training session with the content on healthy sleep and fatigue countermeasures was conducted for firefighters [57].”
BackgroundChen, X.-Y., Shi, X., Zhou, Y., Chen, H., Ma, Y., Wang, T., & Fan, F. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.080 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Dyal, M.-A. A., Smith, T. D., DeJoy, D. M., & Moore, B. A. (2021) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/01454455211040049 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Further, recent studies have reported between 40% and 60% of surveyed firefighters experience poor quality sleep (Abbasi et al., 2018; Barger et al., 2016; Hom et al., 2016; Smith et al., 2019; Sullivan et al., 2017).”
BackgroundEngaged teachers and well-being: the mediating role of burnout dimensions
Angelini, G., Mamprin, C., Borrelli, I., Santoro, P. E., Gualano, M. R., Moscato, U., & Fiorilli, C. (2024) · Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/21642850.2024.2404507 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“…of emotional expression, is generally viewed as a maladaptive response-focused strategy (Chen et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2019), often associated to psychological distress and psychopathology symptoms (Aldao et al., 2010; Hom et al., 2016), our data suggest it could have a positive effect on SWB.”
Griffith, E. L., Jin, L., Contractor, A. A., Slavish, D. C., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.06.052 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Billings, J. M. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.9566 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Shi, X., Qi, H., Wang, S., Li, Z., Li, Z., & Fan, F. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.748064 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Our findings were consistent with previous studies in clinical patients (43) and normal population (18, 19).”
BackgroundResultShort, N. A., Norr, A. M., Mathes, B. M., Oglesby, M. E., & Schmidt, N. B. (2016) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-016-9787-8 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Additionally, a lack of emotion regulation strategies has been associated with depression (Ehring et al. 2008; Hom et al. 2015), which fits with the presentation of numbing symptoms, which are often similar to symptoms of depression (e.g., loss of interest in previously pleasurable activities,…”
BackgroundHuang, J., Li, X. S., & An, Y. (2020) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-020-01571-0 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Increasing research productivity and professional development in psychology with a writing retreat.
Stanley, I. H., Hom, M. A., Chu, C., & Joiner, T. E. (2017) · Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology · doi:10.1037/stl0000089 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“1 The other manuscripts were published in top-tier journals such as Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine (Hom et al., 2016), Assessment (Rogers et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationStanley, I. H., Smith, L. J., Boffa, J. W., Tran, J. K., Schmidt, N. B., Joiner, T. E., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2018) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.03.014 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Importantly, rates of depression appear to be elevated among firefighters [22,23], making depression a theoretically relevant construct to consider in examining suicide risk among this population.”
Self-citationYang, X., Liu, Z., Liu, S., Jia, C.-X., & Liu, X. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.072 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Personality and insomnia symptoms in older adults: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
Rojo‐Wissar, D. M., Wanigatunga, A. A., Simonsick, E. M., Terracciano, A., Wu, M. N., Zipunnikov, V. M., Schrack, J. A., Hossain, S. A., Ferrucci, L., Costa, P. T., et al. (2021) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsab082 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Removal of sleep-related items from depression scales when assessing associations between depressive symptoms and sleep is common practice, especially when sleep is measured by self-report [34, 35].”
BackgroundPark, S., Hong, H., Kim, R. Y., Ma, J., Lee, S. L., Ha, E., Yoon, S. J., & Kim, J. (2021) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s312671 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Prevalence of insomnia symptoms has consistently been reported as approximately 50% among firefighters.(1,2) Considering the impacts of sleep problems on cognitive dysfunctions, which can be directly associated with higher risks of workplace injuries and poor health outcomes, sleep problems and related brain alteratio…”
BackgroundLeonard, S. J., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2022) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/01454455211002105 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“The positive association between PTSD symptom severity and ERD has been well-established in the literature, including among firefighter populations (Bartlett et al., 2019a; Boden et al., 2013; Hom et al., 2016).”
BackgroundResultMeyer, E. C., Zimering, R. T., Knight, J., Morissette, S. B., Kamholz, B. W., Coe, E., Carpenter, T. P., Keane, T. M., Kimbrel, N. A., & Gulliver, S. B. (2020) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22632 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Mental Health Among Firefighters
DeMoulin, D., Jacobs, S., Nam, Y.-S., Harding, A. B., Moskowitz, A. F., Shi, Y., & Kim, H. S. (2022) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002680 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Rates of depression in firefighters have also been reported to vary widely, with studies finding prevalence rates between 11% and 40%.(8,9) Sleep disturbances are common among firefighters, with multiple studies reporting rates of insomnia or sleep disturbances greater than 50%.”
BackgroundUnderstanding mental health among military veterans in the fire service
Bartlett, B. A., Smith, L. J., Tran, J. K., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.06.020 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Kelly, M. R., Hillier, E. A., Aria, F., Gulotta, J. J., & Haynes, P. L. (2019) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2019.1698426 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Alcohol use and mental health symptoms in female firefighter recruits
Gulliver, S. B., Zimering, R. T., Dobani, F., Pennington, M. L., Morissette, S. B., Kamholz, B. W., Knight, J., Keane, T. M., Kimbrel, N. A., Carpenter, T. P., et al. (2019) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqaa015 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Depression [3], post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [4] and substance use disorders (SUDs) [5], particularly, alcohol use disorder (AUD), are prevalent behavioural health concerns facing firefighters, due in part to repeated trauma exposure and occupational stress [1].”
BackgroundBomysoad, R. N., & Francis, L. A. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01351-0 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Sleep Patterns of Firefighters with Shift Working Schedules in Seoul Metropolitan Area
Kim, H., Jung, S.-M., Choi, Y. S., Kim, S. A., Joung, H.-Y., Kim, E., & Kim, H. J. (2017) · Sleep Medicine Research · doi:10.17241/smr.2017.00059 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Yu, S., Zhou, Y., Zhang, Q., & Xu, W. (2020) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-00930-x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
A New Model for Optimizing Firefighter Human Performance
Romero, M., & Alvar, B. A. (2020) · Strength and conditioning journal · doi:10.1519/ssc.0000000000000601 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Previous research has shown that firefighters are at an elevated risk of developing sleep disorders and depression (2,14,37,50).”
BackgroundRas, J., Kengne, A. P., Smith, D. L., Soteriades, E. S., & Leach, L. L. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061435 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Wiltgen, A., Rufino, K. A., & Patriquin, M. A. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.244 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The Role of Emotion Regulation Difficulties in the Relation Between Insomnia and Depressive Symptoms
Predatu, R., Voinescu, B., & David, D. O. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-020-09903-7 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“While previous studies have tested the indirect association between poor sleep and depressive symptoms via ER difficulties in clinical and non-clinical samples [22, 32, 33], no study has focused specifically on individuals with possible insomnia disorder.”
BackgroundSerrano, D. M., Rufino, K. A., Tran, J. K., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2021) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2021.1982093 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Qiao, X., Shi, X., Chen, X., & Ya, Z. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.108 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Dolan, M., Slavish, D. C., Weiss, N. H., & Contractor, A. A. (2023) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001631 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“, difficulty accessing effective emotion regulation skills and lack of emotional clarity) significantly mediate associations between sleep disturbances and distress (e.g., depression; Hom et al., 2016).”
BackgroundSuicide mortality among firefighters: Results from a large, urban fire department
Stanley, I. H., Hom, M. A., & Joiner, T. E. (2016) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.22587 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationEl-Hourani, M., Zadra, A. L., Ryan, N. C., Parent, S., Renaud, J., & Séguin, J. R. (2022) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2022.06.012 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Examining Physical and Sexual Abuse Histories as Correlates of Suicide Risk Among Firefighters
Hom, M. A., Matheny, N. L., Stanley, I. H., Rogers, M. L., Cougle, J. R., & Joiner, T. E. (2017) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22230 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Cyclical Battle of Insomnia and Mental Health Impairment in Firefighters: A Narrative Review
Holland-Winkler, A. M., Greene, D. R., & Oberther, T. J. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13082169 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The contribution of transdiagnostic vulnerability factors in patients with chronic insomnia
Habibi Asgarabad, M., Doos Ali Vand, H., Salehi Yegaei, P., Hooman, F., Ahmadi, R., Baglioni, C., & Moradi, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1162729 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Messman, B., Jin, L., Slavish, D. C., AlGhraibeh, A. M. A., Aljomaa, S. S., & Contractor, A. A. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.125 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Lin, N., Zhu, Y., Wu, X., Yang, M., Lü, F., & Deng, R. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1290811 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Noda, Y., Asano, K., Shimizu, E., & Hirano, Y. (2022) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152327 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A systematic review of the factors that contribute towards mental health in the fire service
Garmon-Jones, L., Hanna, P., & John, M. (2023) · International Journal of Emergency Services · doi:10.1108/ijes-02-2021-0005 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Zhou, A., McDaniel, M., Xie, H., Mattin, M., Wang, X., & Shih, C.-H. (2023) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2023.2202056 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“A similar mediating role of emotion dysregulation has been reported in other psychiatric conditions, including psychosis (Akram et al., 2020), depression (Hom et al., 2016), and borderline personality disorder (Grove et al., 2017).”
BackgroundResultEmotions in the Fire Service: Decision-Making, Risk, and Coping
Evans, T. R. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-14588-0_2 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ifeagwazi, C. M., Obiajulu, B. M., Chukwuorji, J. C., & Ndukaihe, I. L. G. (2021) · Women s Reproductive Health · doi:10.1080/23293691.2020.1861414 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Nurany, P. N., Adiyanti, M. G., & Hassan, Z. (2022) · Psikohumaniora Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi · doi:10.21580/pjpp.v7i2.12556 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Psychological Well-Being of Firefighters
Riccardi, E., Fontana, L., Pacella, D., Fusco, F., Marinaro, I., Costanzo, G., Vassallo, F., Triassi, M., & Iavicoli, I. (2023) · Safety and Health at Work · doi:10.1016/j.shaw.2023.06.002 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Other studies, reporting higher rates of depression, PTSD and risk of suicide in firefighters, considered them at greater risk of developing mental disorders as a result of being exposed to chronic stress and potentially traumatic events [26-29].”
Liu, R., Yu, H., Li, F. C., Hou, Y., & Chi, X. (2026) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053251409900 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“In addition, insomnia not only deprives firefighters of adequate rest, but may also exacerbate emotional fluctuations and day-time dysfunction, reducing their motivation to participate in social activities (Halsøy et al., 2021; Hom et al., 2016).”
InfluentialMoral Injury: Need and Development of a Measurement Scale for Firefighters
DeMoulin, D., Harris, J. I., McGovern, P. M., Beebe, T. J., Church, T. R., & Kim, H. S. (2023) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-023-00305-6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“[14, 15], and suicide behaviors, including ideation (46.8%), plans (19.2%), attempts (15.5%), and non-suicidal self-injury (16.4”
InfluentialLee, H.-S., Jang, S., Shin, Y., Kim, J., & Chung, S. (2024) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-024-10094-7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Use of Mobile Technology in Assessing Occupational Performance and Stress in Firefighters
Ras, J., & Leach, L. L. (2022) · Advances in multimedia and interactive technologies book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-3996-8.ch008 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Screening for Comorbidity of Sleep Disorders in Career Firefighters
Hamilton, N. A., Russell, J. A., Hamadah, K., Youngren, W. A., Toon, A., Nguyen, T. A., & Joles, K. (2023) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002993 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“15 Given the nature of firefighting, nightmares are likely to be common in this population, comorbid with OSA and insomnia, and linked to daytime dysfunction.”
BackgroundInfluentialStanley, E. A., Mumford, E. A., Liu, W., Taylor, B. G., & Maitra, P. (2021) · Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology · doi:10.1007/s11896-021-09436-z · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Meyer, E. C., Roth, S. G., Coe, E., Taylor, D. J., & Gulliver, S. B. (2025) · Frontiers in Health Services · doi:10.3389/frhs.2025.1452976 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Görlich, T., Borck, V., Hüttermann, N., Pahnke, F., Wellendorff, T., & Wesemann, U. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13192395 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Cano-Gallent, M., Maymí, J. N., Roca-Martínez, A., & Masip, A. F. (2023) · REIRE Revista d Innovació i Recerca en Educació · doi:10.1344/reire.42270 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Tao, R., Li, W., Min, K., Mo, D., Geng, F., Xia, L., Liu, T., Liu, Y., Jiang, F., Liu, H., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1342528 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Shift schedule effects on firefighter health and fitness
Garrett, L., Harveson, A. T., & Ayars, C. L. (2023) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-230388 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Anincreaseincallvolumecoupledwithother job requirements can lead to greater instances of dis-L rupted or disturbed sleep, which has been shown to affect firefighters’ mood and mental health [19].”
Leonard, S. J., Venta, A. C., Derrick, J. L., Anderson-Fletcher, E. A., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2025) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2025.2540922 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“The positive association between PTSD symptom severity and ERD has strong support in the research literature, including among first responder populations (Hom et al., 2016; Leonard & Vujanovic, 2022).”
Work-related factors and depressive symptoms in firefighters - preliminary data
Konopko, M., Jarosz, W., Bieńkowski, P., & Sienkiewicz‐Jarosz, H. (2018) · MATEC Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/matecconf/201824700065 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Effort-Reward Imbalance and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Firefighters
Yu, Y., Fu, M., Yang, F., & Guo, J. (2022) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002739 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Meyer, E. C., Farchione, T. J., Kimbrel, N. A., Kwok, O., Pennington, M. L., Rostockyj, J. A., & Gulliver, S. B. (2025) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2025.101537 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“%) despite FFs completing a mental health screening upon entry into the profession [12].”
Sleep disturbances and related occupational diseases in Ukrainian firefighters
Sukholentsev, A. N., Кraisvitniy, A. I., Ковальчук, В. Б., Cherniy, V. P., & Kovalchuk, N. D. (2018) · Biomedical and Biosocial Anthropology · doi:10.31393/bba33-2018-4
“2 percent of French [24, 27] and 59 percent of American firefighters are dissatisfied with the quality of their sleep [4, 5, 11, 12].”
BackgroundExperimental study of sleep disturbances in firefighters of the city of Kropyvnitskiy and the region
Sukholentsev, A. N., & Kovalchuk, N. D. (2019) · Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University · doi:10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2019-23(3)-27
Toward an understanding of suicidal ideation among career firefighters
Henderson, E. L. (2020) · doi:10.17760/d20356164
Factors associated with Insomnia among Frontline nurses during COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional SurveyPreprint
Nazari, N., Sadeghi, M., Samusenkov, V. O., & Aligholipour, A. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-961040/v1
The Contribution of Transdiagnostic Vulnerability Factors in Patients with Chronic InsomniaPreprint
Vand, H. D. A., Hooman, F., Yegaei, P. S., Ahmadi, R., & Habibi, M. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2241964/v1
Firefighter Suicide: A Theoretical Model for a Population Specific Behavioral Autopsy Program
Vega, L., Johnson, C. C., Kohalmi, A. L., Howell, B., Miller, S. N., & LeDuc, T. J. (2023) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228231151278
Samea, F., Mortazavi, N., Reimann, G. M., Ebneabbasi, A., Zarei, M., Khazaie, H., Goldstein‐Piekarski, A. N., Spiegelhalder, K., Baglioni, C., Sepehry, A. A., et al. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/gmceb
Weathers-Meyer, A., Lowe, A. C., McGrew, S. J., Sutherland, N. E., Yann, C. M. G., Beyl, R. A., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02419-1
“Firefighters also report heightened rates of depression and anxiety symptoms (Hom et al., 2016; Paulus et al., 2018; Pennington et al., 2018).”
Pruiksma, K. E., Taylor, D. J., Sloan, D. M., Fredman, S. J., Nagy, S. M., Jahnke, S. A., Haddock, C. K., O’Byrne, K. K., Rasmussen, H., Sutherland, C., et al. (2025) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2025.10.003
Troubles du sommeil et déterminants psychopathologiques
Faccini, J. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/fd05872cz888az41cez96bdzbc308491be49
Ni, Y., Wang, J. F., Wang, M., Shen, L. B., Li, Q. D., Liang, L., Sun, J., Xiao, N. A., Liu, J. H., Du, X., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1746800
The Sleep Quality of Han Chinese and Tibetan Firefighters at High Altitude: A Field Study
Tang, X., Tang, L., Li, S., Gu, X., Li, X., Li, X., Jiang, W., Wang, Q., & Yang, Y. (2026) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s591315
Evaluating the 24/72 shift schedule in the fire service: agency experiences and perceived impacts
O’Dare, K., Atwell, L., Carlson-Moore, B., Porter, L., Bellamy, M., Davis, J., Wells, R., Thomas, K., & Tullius, R. (2026) · Frontiers in Environmental Health · doi:10.3389/fenvh.2026.1743492
Emotion regulation resource profiles among employees: mental health and work outcomes
Tian, J., Jia, P., Zhang, R., & Jin, Z. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1873483
- Authors
- Hom, M. A., Stanley, I. H., Rogers, M. L., Tzoneva, M., Bernert, R. A., & Joiner, T. E.
- Affiliations
- Florida State University (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hom, Melanie A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
- Published
- 2016-02-15
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 235-245
- ISSN
- 1550-9389 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9397
- PMC
- PMC4751428
- OpenAlex
- W2468578224
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 12.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH093490)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Performance
- Keywords
- sleep disorders, depression, firefighters, emotion regulation, insomnia, nightmares, post-traumatic stress disorder, occupational stress, mediation, emotion regulation strategies
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Depression, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep Wake Disorders, Young Adult, Firefighters
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
