Cited by 709Attachment and Relationship DynamicsPsychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research

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Adult attachment measures: A 25-year review

Ravitz, Paula, Maunder, Robert, Hunter, Jon, Sthankiya, Bhadra, Lancee, William·2010·Journal of Psychosomatic Research

DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.08.006

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Abstract

Objective Over the past 25 years, attachment research has extended beyond infant-parent bonds to examine dyadic relationships in children, adolescents, and adults. Attachment has been shown to influence a wide array of biopsychosocial phenomena, including social functioning, coping, stress response, psychological well-being, health behavior, and morbidity, and has thus emerged as an important focus of psychosomatic research. This article reviews the measurement of adult attachment, highlighting instruments of relevance to-or with potential use in-psychosomatic research.Methods Following a literature search of articles that were related to the scales and measurement methods of attachment in adult populations, 29 instruments were examined with respect to their utility for psychosomatic researchers.Results Validity, reliability, and feasibility were tabulated on 29 instruments. Eleven of the instruments with strong psychometric properties, wide use, or use in psychosomatic research are described. These include the following: Adult Attachment Interview (George, Kaplan, and Main); Adult Attachment Projective (George and West); Adult Attachment Questionnaire (Simpson, Rholes, and Phillips); Adult Attachment Scale (and Revised Adult Attachment Scale) (Collins and Read); Attachment Style Questionnaire (Feeney); Current Relationship Interview (Crowell and Owens); Experiences in Close Relationships (Brennan, Clark, and Shaver) and Revised Experiences in Close Relationships (Fraley, Waller, and Brennan); Parental Bonding Instrument (Parker, Tupling, and Brown); Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire (West and Sheldon-Keller); Relationship Questionnaire (Bartholomew and Horowitz); and Relationship Scales Questionnaire (Grifiin and Bartholomew).Conclusion In addition to reliability and validity, investigators need to consider relationship focus, attachment constructs, dimensions or categories of interest, and the time required for training, administration, and scoring. Further considerations regarding attachment measurement in the context of psychosomatic research are discussed.

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Attachment Styles and Criterion B Domains of the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders: A Naturalistic Study of Inpatient Men and Women
Rucker, J., Rufino, K. A., & Horrell, K. E. (2026) · Personality and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/pmh.70086
Attachment Styles Predict Personal Network Structure Better Than Big Five Traits
Tinoco, E. G., Letina, S., & Maya‐Jariego, I. (2026) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2026.10048
“…by Bartholomew and Hor-owitz (1991) was historically significant for its integrative nature, bridging traditional typological perspective (Hazan & Shaver, 1987; Ravitz et al., 2010; Steele & Steele, 2021) and dimensional approaches (Fraley et al., 2015; Fraley & Waller, 1998; Raby et al., 2021).”
Attachment Theory and Psychotherapy
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The association between insecure attachment styles, dissociation and PTSD symptoms: a systematic review
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Maia, B., Marques, M., Moreira, H., Carvalho, F., & Leite, Â. M. T. (2026) · Psychology the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society · doi:10.12681/psy_hps.44026
Attentional bias in secure and fearful attachment: approach–avoidance and exploration dynamics in eye-tracking
Türkdoğan, T., Bekil, F., Bilgen, A. C., Coşguner, T., & Karagöz, C. T. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-026-09901-0
“Dimensional models of adult attachment converge on four prototypical orien-tations—secure, anxious, avoidant, and fearful—defined by orthogonal dimensions of anxiety and avoidance (Bar-tholomew & Horowitz, 1991; Fraley & Shaver, 2000; Ravitz et al., 2010 ).”
Attachment-related trauma markers and symptom severity in Afghan refugees
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“11 Categorical instruments such as the Adult Attachment Interview assess attachment using an interview-based format 12 and are considered better suited to accessing unconscious attachment-related processes, particularly in clinical contexts.”
Exploring social work supervision with students and practitioners: the associations between attachment dimensions and professional development
Egozi, S., & Gur, A. (2026) · Social Work Education · doi:10.1080/02615479.2026.2717590
Assessing adult attachment in taiwan: validity and reliability of traditional chinese short forms of the experiences in close relationships-revised and their implications for attachment mechanisms
Huang, Y., & Yeh, K. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-026-09996-5
“Its widespread adoption is largely attributed to its superior psychometric properties and a consistently robust two-factor structure across diverse populations (Ravitz et al., 2010).”
Mending Broken Bridges: The Role of Avoidant Attachment in College Students With Foster Care Backgrounds in the Transition to a Campus Support Program
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Emotional Dependence in Romantic Relationships: The Role of Attachment, Motivational Sensitivities, Self-Esteem and Life Engagement
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Foster mothers’ attachment styles and children’s attachment security in middle childhood: a mixed-methods study of the Turkish foster family service model
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“The low end of this range is below conventional thresholds and is a known property of the instrument (Kurdek, 2002; Ravitz et al., 2010); it is addressed in the Limitations, and both the continuous and the categorical treatments are reported in the Results.”
Influential
Perceived parenting styles, adult attachment, and emotional intelligence in Indian young adults: A parallel mediation approach
Chakarwarti, T., Jakhar, M., Kalsi, N., & Gupta, R. K. (2026) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.108003
The application of attachment theory in the examination of the coach-athlete relationship
Davis, L. (2012) · Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University)

Authors: Ravitz, P., Maunder, R., Hunter, J., Sthankiya, B., & Lancee, W.
Affiliations: Mount Sinai Hospital (CA)
Corresponding author: Ravitz, Paula
ORCID: Ravitz, Paula
Maunder, Robert
Venue: Journal of Psychosomatic Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-10
Volume: 69
Issue: 4
Pages: 419-432
ISSN: 0022-3999 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.08.006
OpenAlex: W2048140405
Cited by: 709
References: 165
Citations by year: 2026: 32 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 22
FWCI: 1.48
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Psychosomatic Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Keywords: adult attachment, attachment measurement, psychosomatic research, psychometric properties, reliability and validity, Experiences in Close Relationships, Adult Attachment Interview, Adult Attachment Scale, Attachment Style Questionnaire, Parental Bonding Instrument, biopsychosocial functioning
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Humans, Object Attachment, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sensitivity and Specificity, Reproducibility of Results

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Adult attachment measures: A 25-year review

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