The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: A diagnostic meta-analysis of case-finding ability
Abstract
Objective To quantify the accuracy of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) as a case-finding instrument for anxiety and depressive disorders.Method MEDLINE, PSYCHINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, BNI, and AMED were searched from January 1983 to June 2006. Studies were included that administered the HADS, used a standardized psychiatric interview to establish a diagnosis of anxiety or depression, and provided sufficient data on sensitivity and specificity (N=41). Summary sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratios were calculated for each study. Random effects meta-analytic pooling across studies at the recommended clinical (7/8) and research (10/11) cutoff points was undertaken and summary receiver operating characteristic curves constructed.Results For major depressive disorders, a cut point of ≥8 gave a sensitivity of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.73-0.89) and a specificity of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.60-0.84) and a cut point ≥11 gave a sensitivity of 0.56 (95% CI, 0.40-0.71) and a specificity of 0.92 (95% CI, 0.79-0.97).Conclusions Many studies have shown that the HADS is a useful screening tool to identify emotional distress in nonpsychiatric patients. However, it does not appear to be superior to other screening instruments in terms of identifying specific mental disorders in physical health settings.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A number of tools have been utilised and validated to screen depression (PHQ-9, HADS) and anxiety (HADS, GAD-7) in diabetes.
“a number of tools have been utilised and validated to screen depression (PHQ-9 [50, 51], HADS [52, 53]) and anxiety (HADS [52], Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) [54, 55]) in diabetes.”
HADS may be used as a relevant screening instrument for emotional distress.
“Although the diagnostic accuracy of the scale has been questioned, it may be used as a relevant screening instrument for emotional distress (Brennan et al., 2010).”
From Postponement of elective cardiac surgery: A prospective observational analysis of anxiety, depression, social support and clinical complications. (2023) · cites this paper as Brennan et al., 2010
The depression symptoms were reduced from clinical range at baseline to subclinical range post-intervention, according to previously defined cut-off limits.
“The depression symptoms were reduced from clinical range at baseline to subclinical range post-intervention, according to previously defined cut-off limits (Brennan et al., 2010).”
From Mindfulness-based stress reduction for autistic adults: A feasibility study in an outpatient context. (2024) · cites this paper as Brennan et al., 2010
The HADS was used as a screening tool to capture symptoms of anxiety or depression and not a clinical diagnosis.
“In the current study, the HADS was used as a screening tool to capture symptoms of anxiety or depression and not a clinical diagnosis [104].”
From The prospective association of adolescent loneliness and low resilience with anxiety and depression in young adulthood: The HUNT study (2025) · cites this paper as [104]
Depressive symptoms were measured with the HADS-D, and presence of depression was defined as HADS-D ≥ 11, indicating probable moderate or severe depression.
“Depressive symptoms were measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale's (HADS) subscale for depression (HADS-D). 23 Following well-established criteria, the presence of depression was defined as HADS-D ≥ 11, indicating probable moderate or severe depression. 24-26”
From Depressive symptoms predict clinical recurrence of inflammatory bowel disease (2022) · cites this paper as [25]
A HADS-D score of ≥ 11 represents a well-established cut off strongly indicating depression.
“a HADS-D score of ≥ 11 represents a well-established cut off strongly indicating depression, 23-26”
From Depressive symptoms predict clinical recurrence of inflammatory bowel disease (2022) · cites this paper as [25]
Cites
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139 · see citing works
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722 · see citing works
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x · Cited by 47,139 · see citing works
Kessler, R. C. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002 · Cited by 12,370 · see citing works
The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Bjelland, I., Dahl, A. A., Haug, T. T., & Neckelmann, D. (2002) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(01)00296-3 · Cited by 9,779 · see citing works
Anxiety disorders in primary care: prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., Monahan, P. O., & Löwe, B. (2007) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00004 · Cited by 4,741 · see citing works
Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: Global Burden of Disease Study
Murray, C. J., & Lopez, A. D. (1997) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)07495-8 · Cited by 4,492 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Depressive disorders are common [1–4] and a leading cause of disability worldwide [5,6].”
BackgroundThe Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID): I: History, Rationale, and Description
Spitzer, R. L. (1992) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820080032005 · Cited by 4,336 · see citing works
The Handbook of Research Synthesis.
Howel, D., Cooper, H., & Hedges, L. V. (1995) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533295 · Cited by 3,657 · see citing works
Reitsma, J. B., Glas, A. S., Rutjes, A. W. S., Scholten, R. J. P. M., Bossuyt, P. M., & Zwinderman, A. H. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.02.022 · Cited by 3,369 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Summary ROC (sROC) curves [16] were then constructed using the bivariate model to produce a 95% confidence ellipse within ROC space [14].”
MethodHow should meta‐regression analyses be undertaken and interpreted?
Thompson, S. G., & Higgins, J. P. T. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1187 · Cited by 3,026 · see citing works
Herrmann, C. (1997) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(96)00216-4 · Cited by 2,885 · see citing works
SPINHOVEN, P., ORMEL, J., SLOEKERS, P. P. A., KEMPEN, G. I. J. M., SPECKENS, A. E. M., & HEMERT, A. M. V. (1997) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291796004382 · Cited by 2,158 · see citing works
Gilbody, S., Richards, D., Brealey, S., & Hewitt, C. (2007) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-007-0333-y · Cited by 1,290 · see citing works
Self-citationControlling the risk of spurious findings from meta-regression
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2004) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1752 · Cited by 1,267 · cited 1× · see citing works
“All meta-regression analyses were conducted using a permutation test to minimize Type 1 errors, with 1000 Monte Carlo replications to generate P values [19].”
MethodMental health of children and adolescents in Great Britain
Meltzer, H., Gatward, R., Goodman, R., & Ford, T. (2003) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/0954026021000046155 · Cited by 1,214 · see citing works
Review of community prevalence of depression in later life
Beekman, A. T. F., Copeland, J. R. M., & Prince, M. J. (1999) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.174.4.307 · Cited by 1,139 · see citing works
The STARD Statement for Reporting Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy: Explanation and Elaboration
Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., Gatsonis, C. A., Glasziou, P. P., Irwig, L. M., Moher, D., Rennie, D., de Vet, H. C. W., & Lijmer, J. G. (2003) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-138-1-200301070-00012-w1 · Cited by 1,124 · see citing works
Pignone, M. P., Gaynes, B. N., Rushton, J. L., Burchell, C. M., Orleans, C. T., Mulrow, C. D., & Lohr, K. N. (2002) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-10-200205210-00013 · Cited by 1,086 · see citing works
LOWE, B. (2004) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00237-9 · Cited by 1,060 · see citing works
Conducting systematic reviews of diagnostic studies: didactic guidelines
Devillé, W. L. J. M., Buntinx, F., Bouter, L. M., Montori, V. M., de Vet, H. C. W., van der Windt, D., & Bezemer, P. D. (2002) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-2-9 · Cited by 954 · see citing works
The Handbook of Research Synthesis
Ziegel, E. R., Cooper, H., & Hedges, L. V. (1995) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1269651 · Cited by 936 · see citing works
A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) in a Spanish population
Herrero, M. J., Blanch, J., Peri, J. M., De Pablo, J., Pintor, L., & Bulbena, A. (2003) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0163-8343(03)00043-4 · Cited by 892 · see citing works
Properties of the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve for diagnostic test data
Walter, S. D. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1099 · Cited by 662 · see citing works
Aben, I., Verhey, F. R. J., Lousberg, R. L., Lodder, J., & Honig, A. (2002) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.43.5.386 · Cited by 573 · see citing works
Costantini, M., Musso, M., Viterbori, P., Bonci, F., Mastro, L. D., Garrone, O., Venturini, M., & Morasso, G. (1999) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s005200050241 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Screening for Adjustment Disorders and Major Depressive Disorders in Cancer In-Patients
Razavi, D., Delvaux, N., Farvacques, C., & Robaye, E. (1990) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.156.1.79 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Screening for Psychological Distress in Japanese Cancer Patients
Kugaya, A., Akechi, T., Okuyama, T., Okamura, H., & Uchitomi, Y. (1998) · Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1093/jjco/28.5.333 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Furlanetto, L. M., Mendlowicz, M. V., & Bueno, J. R. (2005) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2004.12.011 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Identifying depression in primary care: a literature synthesis of case-finding instruments
Williams, J. W., Pignone, M. P., Ramı́rez, G., & Stellato, C. P. (2002) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0163-8343(02)00195-0 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
The Evidence Base of Clinical Diagnosis
(2008) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444300574 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Hopwood, P., Howell, A., & Maguire, P. (1991) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.1991.305 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Abiodun, O. A. (1994) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.165.5.669 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Comparison of two self-rating scales to detect depression: HADS and PHQ-9
Hansson, M., Chotai, J., Nordstöm, A., & Bodlund, O. (2009) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp09x454070 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Strik, J. J. M. H., Honig, A., Lousberg, R. L., & Denollet, J. (2001) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.42.5.423 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
LIMITATIONS OF THE MINI-MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION IN DIAGNOSING DEMENTIA IN GENERAL PRACTICE
Wind, A. W., Schellevis, F., van Staveren, G., Scholten, R. J. P. M., Jonker, C., & EIJK, J. T. M. V. (1997) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1166(199701)12:1 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Hall, A., A’Hern, R., & Fallowfield, L. J. (1999) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/s0959-8049(98)00308-6 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Fevre, P. L., Devereux, J., Smith, S. W., Lawrie, S. M., & Cornbleet, M. A. (1999) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1191/026921699671260095 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Patterns of Psychiatric Morbidity in a Genito-urinary Clinic
Barczak, P., Kane, N., Andrews, S., Congdon, A. M., Clay, J., & Betts, T. (1988) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.152.5.698 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Lloyd‐Williams, M., Friedman, T., & Rudd, N. (2001) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/s0885-3924(01)00358-x · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to screen for depression in cardiac patients
Zivin, K., Locke, S. E., Aupont, O., Mullan, M. G., & McLaughlin, T. J. (2005) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2005.03.002 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
The Evidence Base of Clinical Diagnosis
Ulahannan, T. (2002) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/014107680209500815 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Predicting mood disorders in breast cancer patients
Morasso, G., Costantini, M., Viterbori, P., Bonci, F., Mastro, L. D., Musso, M., Garrone, O., & Venturini, M. (2001) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/s0959-8049(00)00390-7 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Silverstone, P. H. (1994) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(94)90105-8 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Watts, S., Bhutani, G., Stout, I. H., Ducker, G. M., Cleator, P. J., McGarry, J., & Day, M. (2002) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.632 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
The Evidence Base of Clinical Diagnosis
Ulahannan, T. (2002) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1258/jrsm.95.8.422 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Poole, N. A., & Morgan, J. F. (2006) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2005.08.004 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Davies, K. N., Burn, W. K., McKenzie, F. R., Brothwell, J. A., & Wattis, J. P. (1993) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.930080209 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Hamer, D., Sanjeev, D., Butterworth, E., & Barczak, P. (1991) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.158.6.782 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Savard, J., Laberge, B., Gauthier, J. G., & Bergeron, M. G. (1999) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1023/a:1025444225120 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) as a screening instrument in tinnitus evaluation
Zöger, S., Svedlund, J., & Holgers, K. (2004) · International Journal of Audiology · doi:10.1080/14992020400050058 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Tang, W. K., Ungvari, G. S., Chiu, H. F. K., Sze, K. H., Yu, A. C. S., & Leung, T. L. F. (2004) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607860410001725027 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Use of depression rating scales in chronic fatigue syndrome
Henderson, M., & Tannock, C. (2005) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.04.374 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Morse, R., Kendell, K., & Barton, S. B. (2005) · Clinical Effectiveness in Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.cein.2006.08.012 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Tyrer, P. J., & Methuen, C. (2007) · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Latent structure of the Hospital Anxiety And Depression Scale: a 10-year systematic review
Cosco, T. D., Doyle, F., Ward, M., & McGee, H. (2012) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2011.06.008 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: A meta confirmatory factor analysis
Norton, S., Cosco, T. D., Doyle, F., Done, J., & Sacker, A. (2012) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.10.010 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) accuracy in cancer patients
Annunziata, M. A., Muzzatti, B., Bidoli, E., Flaiban, C., Bomben, F., Piccinin, M., Gipponi, K. M., Mariutti, G., Busato, S., & Mella, S. (2019) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-019-05244-8 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Wu, Y., Levis, B., Sun, Y. B., He, C., Krishnan, A., Neupane, D., Bhandari, P. M., Negeri, Z., Benedetti, A., & Thombs, B. D. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n972 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Self-reported physical activity and aerobic fitness are differently related to mental health
Lindwall, M., Ljung, T., Hadžibajramović, E., & Jónsdóttir, I. H. (2012) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2011.12.003 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Matiz, A., Fabbro, F., Paschetto, A., Cantone, D., Paolone, A. R., & Crescentini, C. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17186450 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Lindwall, M., Gerber, M., Jonsdottir, I. H., Börjesson, M., & Ahlborg, G. (2014) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0034402 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Miras, A. D., Pérez-Pevida, B., Aldhwayan, M., Kamocka, A., McGlone, E. R., Al-Najim, W., Chahal, H., Batterham, R. L., McGowan, B., Khan, O., et al. (2019) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(19)30157-3 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Which instruments to support diagnosis of depression have sufficient accuracy? A systematic review
Pettersson, A., Boström, K. B., Gustavsson, P., & Ekselius, L. (2015) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039488.2015.1008568 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Luciano, J. V., Guallar, J. A., Aguado, J., López-del-Hoyo, Y., Olivan, B., Magallón, R., Alda, M., Serrano-Blanco, A., Gili, M., & Garcia-Campayo, J. (2014) · PAIN · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2013.12.029 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
The long-term outcomes of depression up to 10 years after stroke; the South London Stroke Register
Ayerbe, L., Ayis, S. A., Crichton, S. L., Wolfe, C. D. A., & Rudd, A. G. (2013) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2013-306448 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Ayerbe, L., Ayis, S. A., Crichton, S. L., Wolfe, C. D. A., & Rudd, A. G. (2013) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/aft208 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Iani, L., Lauriola, M., & Costantini, M. (2014) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-12-84 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Revisión de estudios de la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria (HAD) en muestras españolas.
Cantero, M. C. T., Cabrera‐Perona, V., & Gelabert, M. M.-A. (2015) · Anales de Psicología · doi:10.6018/analesps.31.2.172701 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Yang, Y., Ding, R., Hu, D., Zhang, F., & Li, S. (2013) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.08.012 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Ruíz-Grosso, P., de Mola, C. L., Vega‐Dienstmaier, J. M., Arévalo-Flores, M., Chavez, K., Vilela, A., Lazo, M., & Huapaya, J. A. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045413 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Myocardial infarction and generalised anxiety disorder: 10-year follow-up
Roest, A. M., Zuidersma, M., & de Jonge, P. (2012) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.103549 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Clinical outcomes and inflammatory biomarkers in current smokers and exsmokers with severe asthma
Thomson, N. C., Chaudhuri, R., Heaney, L. G., Bucknall, C. E., Niven, R. M., Brightling, C. E., Menzies-Gow, A. N., Mansur, A. H., & McSharry, C. P. (2013) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2012.12.1574 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Levis, B., Yan, X. W., He, C., Sun, Y., Benedetti, A., & Thombs, B. D. (2019) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-019-1297-6 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Roberge, P., Doré, I., Menear, M., Chartrand, E., Ciampi, A., Duhoux, A., & Fournier, L. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.10.029 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Quince, T. A., Wood, D., Parker, R. A., & BENSON, J. A. (2012) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001519 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Thombs, B. D., Benedetti, A., Kloda, L. A., Levis, B., Nicolau, I. A., Cuijpers, P. J., Gilbody, S. M., Ioannidis, J. P. A., McMillan, D., Patten, S. B., et al. (2014) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/2046-4053-3-124 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationPeres, D. S., Rodrigues, P., Viero, F. T., Frare, J. M., Kudsi, S. Q., Meira, G. M., & Trevisan, G. (2022) · Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100484 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Brumpton, B. M., Langhammer, A., Romundstad, P., Chen, Y., & Mai, X. (2012) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2012.204 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Panic Disorder and Migraine: Comorbidity, Mechanisms, and Clinical Implications
Smitherman, T. A., Kolivas, E. D., & Bailey, J. (2012) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/head.12004 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Clinimetrics: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Beekman, E., & Verhagen, A. P. (2018) · Journal of physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.jphys.2018.04.003 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Anxiety in Terminally Ill Cancer Patients
Kolva, E., Rosenfeld, B. D., Pessin, H., BREITBART, W. S., & Brescia, R. J. (2011) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2011.01.013 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Singer, S., Szalai, C., Briest, S., Brown, A., Dietz, A., Einenkel, J., Jonas, S., Konnopka, A., Papsdorf, K., Langanke, D., et al. (2013) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.3282 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Uljarević, M., Richdale, A. L., McConachie, H., Hedley, D., Cai, R. Y., Merrick, H., Parr, J. R., & Le Couteur, A. (2018) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1872 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Anxiety disorders and risk of stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Pérez-Piñar, M., Ayerbe, L., González, E., Mathur, R., Boreu, Q. F., & Ayis, S. A. (2017) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.11.004 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Jain, R., Jain, S. B., Raison, C. L., & Maletic, V. (2011) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-011-0202-2 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Henry, M., Rosberger, Z., Bertrand, L., Klassen, C., Hier, M., Zeitouni, A., Kost, K., Mlynarek, A., Richardson, K., Black, M., et al. (2018) · Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1177/0194599818776873 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Young Athletes Using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Weber, S., Puta, C., Lesinski, M., Gabriel, B., Steidten, T., Bär, K., Herbsleb, M., Granacher, U., & Gabriel, H. H. W. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00182 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Screening instruments for depression in primary care: a concise review for clinicians
Lakkis, N. A., & Mahmassani, D. M. (2014) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.1080/00325481.2015.992721 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Development of a short form of the Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire (AAQ)
Laidlaw, K., Kishita, N., Shenkin, S. D., & Power, M. (2017) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.4687 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Nakling, A. E., Aarsland, D., Næss, H., Wollschlaeger, D., Fladby, T., Hofstad, H., & Wehling, E. I. (2017) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra · doi:10.1159/000478851 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in primary care patients in Colombia
Cassiani-Miranda, C. A., Scoppetta, O., & Cabanzo-Arenas, D. F. (2021) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2021.01.014 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Walsh, N., Repa, L. M., & Garland, S. (2021) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13442 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Biedermann, L., Fournier, N., Misselwitz, B., Frei, P., Zeitz, J., Manser, C. N., Pittet, V. E. H., Juillerat, P., von Känel, R., Fried, M., et al. (2015) · Journal of Crohn s and Colitis · doi:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjv113 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Maters, G. A., Sanderman, R., Kim, A. Y., & Coyne, J. C. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070975 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Geier, T. J., Hunt, J. C., Hanson, J. L., Heyrman, K., Larsen, S. E., Brasel, K. J., & deRoon‐Cassini, T. A. (2020) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22478 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Levis, B., Benedetti, A., Levis, A. W., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Shrier, I., Cuijpers, P. J., Gilbody, S. M., Kloda, L. A., McMillan, D., Patten, S. B., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kww191 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationLuciano, J. V., Barrada, J. R., Aguado, J., Osma, J., & García-Campayo, J. (2014) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0035284 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Tao, J., Qian, H.-Z., Kipp, A. M., Ruan, Y., Shepherd, B. E., Amico, K. R., Shao, Y., Lu, H., & Vermund, S. H. (2016) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000001287 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Psychological Correlates of Self-Harm within Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual UK University Students
Taylor, P. J., Dhingra, K., Dickson, J. M., & McDermott, E. (2018) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2018.1515136 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Assessment of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for cancer patients
Villoria, E., & Lara, L. (2018) · Revista médica de Chile · doi:10.4067/s0034-98872018000300300 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The association of anxiety and depression with mortality in a COPD cohort. The HUNT study, Norway
Vikjord, S. A. A., Brumpton, B. M., Mai, X., Vanfleteren, L. E. G. W., & Langhammer, A. (2020) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106089 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Hirschtritt, M. E., & Kroenke, K. (2017) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2017.9820 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Gutierrez, A. M., Corey‐Bloom, J., Thomas, E. A., & Desplats, P. (2020) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2019.00335 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Thombs, B. D., Benedetti, A., Kloda, L. A., Levis, B., Riehm, K. E., Azar, M., Cuijpers, P., Gilbody, S., Ioannidis, J. P. A., McMillan, D., et al. (2015) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009742 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationJegan, N. R. A., Brugger, M., Viniol, A., Strauch, K., Barth, J., Baum, E., Leonhardt, C., & Becker, A. (2017) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-017-1482-8 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Psychometrics of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in Uganda: A Systematic Review
Kaggwa, M. M., Najjuka, S. M., Ashaba, S., & Mamun, M. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.781095 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Fong, T. C. T., & Ho, R. (2013) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-013-0429-2 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Anxiety Contributes to Poorer Asthma Outcomes in Inner-City Black Adolescents
Shams, M. R., Bruce, A. C., & Fitzpatrick, A. M. (2018) · The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice · doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2017.06.034 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Gadia, P., Awasthi, A., Jain, S., & Koolwal, G. D. (2020) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_840_20 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Watrowski, R., & Rohde, A. (2014) · Archives of Medical Science · doi:10.5114/aoms.2013.36520 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Cabrera, V., Martín-Aragón, M., Terol, M. D. C., Núñez, R., & Pastor, M. D. L. Á. (2015) · Terapia psicológica · doi:10.4067/s0718-48082015000300003 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Park, J. H., Rhee, S.-M., Kim, H. S., & Oh, J. H. (2021) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/0363546520976574 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Westhoff‐Bleck, M., Winter, L., Dávila, L. A., Herrmann‐Lingen, C., Treptau, J., Bauersachs, J. K., Bleich, S., & Kahl, K. G. (2019) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487319865055 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Long-term consequences in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a prospective cohort study
Schandl, A., Hedman, A., Lyngå, P., Fathi Tachinabad, S., Svefors, J., Roël, M., Geborek, A., Andersson Franko, M., Söderberg, M., Joelsson‐Alm, E., et al. (2021) · Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aas.13939 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Blakemore, A., Dickens, C. M., Chew-Graham, C. A., Afzal, C., Tomenson, B., Coventry, P. A., & Guthrie, E. (2019) · International Journal of COPD · doi:10.2147/copd.s179109 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Mitchell, A. J., Morgan, J. P., Petersen, D. K., Fabbri, S. C., Fayard, C., Stoletniy, L. N., & Chiong, J. R. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.06.008 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Daniels, J., Brigden, A., & Kacorova, A. (2017) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12118 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Lotfi, K., Keshteli, A. H., Saneei, P., Afshar, H., Esmaillzadeh, A., & Adibi, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.843155 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Brumpton, B. M., Leivseth, L., Romundstad, P., Langhammer, A., Chen, Y., Camargo, C. A., & Mai, X. (2013) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyt151 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Anxiety and Depression in Adolescents With Epilepsy
Kwong, K. L., Lam, D. S. Y., Tsui, S., Ngan, M., Tsang, B., Lai, T. S., & Lam, S. M. (2015) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/0883073815587942 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Rice, D. B., Kloda, L. A., Levis, B., Qi, B., Kingsland, E., & Thombs, B. D. (2016) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.06.002 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Al-Ezzi, M. Y., Pathak, N., Tappuni, A. R., & Khan, K. S. (2016) · Modern Rheumatology · doi:10.1080/14397595.2016.1249538 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Huang, X., Ma, H.-Y., Wang, X.-M., Zhong, J., Sheng, D.-F., & Xu, M. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.079 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Bagheri‐Nesami, M., Shorofi, S. A., Nikkhah, A., & Espahbodi, F. (2017) · Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research · doi:10.18869/acadpub.pbr.3.1.8 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Risk Factors for Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety One Year Poststroke: A Longitudinal Study
Kootker, J. A., van Mierlo, M. L., Hendriks, J. C. M., Sparidans, J., Rasquin, S. M. C., de Kort, P. L. M., Visser‐Meily, J. M. A., & Geurts, A. C. H. (2016) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2016.01.019 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Coping styles in patients with COPD before and after pulmonary rehabilitation
Stoilkova, A., Janssen, D. J. A., Franssen, F. M. E., Spruit, M. A., & Wouters, E. F. �. (2013) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2013.03.001 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Coyne, J. C., & van Sonderen, E. (2012) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.04.002 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Wang, J., Guo, W., Zhang, L., Deng, W., Wang, H.-Y., Yu, J., Luo, S., Huang, M., Dong, Z., Li, D., et al. (2017) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.04.001 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Screening for Depression in Hospitalized Medical Patients
IsHak, W. W., Collison, K. L., Danovitch, I., Shek, L., Kharazi, P., Kim, T., Jaffer, K. Y., Naghdechi, L., López, E., & Nuckols, T. K. (2017) · Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.12788/jhm.2693 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Depressive symptoms predict clinical recurrence of inflammatory bowel disease
Jordi, S. B. U., Lang, B. M., Auschra, B., von Känel, R., Biedermann, L., Greuter, T., Schreiner, P., Rogler, G., Krupka, N., Sulz, M. C., et al. (2022) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1093/ibd/izab136 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Kuiper, H., van Leeuwen, C. M. C., Stolwijk-Swüste, J. M., & Post, M. W. M. (2021) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/02692155211061813 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Lee, E.-H., Kim, J., Kang, H., Kim, S., Kim, J., Park, M., Cho, K.-H., & Kim, J. (2019) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2019.0188 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Tennenhouse, L. G., Marrie, R. A., Bernstein, C. N., & Lix, L. M. (2020) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110126 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Müller, G., Bombana, M., Heinzel-Gutenbrenner, M., Kleindienst, N., Bohus, M., Lyssenko, L., & Vonderlin, R. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10637-8 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Development of an ICU discharge instrument predicting psychological morbidity: a multinational study
Milton, A., Schandl, A. R., Soliman, I. W., Meijers, K., van den Boogaard, M., Larsson, I., Brorsson, C., Östberg, U., Collet, M. O., Savilampi, J., et al. (2018) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-018-5467-3 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Mental Health, Work Presenteeism, and Exercise in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Sciberras, M., Κarmiris, K., Nascimento, C., Tabone, T., Nikolaou, P., Theodoropoulou, A., Mula, A., Goren, I., Yanai, H. A., Amir, H., et al. (2022) · Journal of Crohn s and Colitis · doi:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac037 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
von Känel, R., Fardad, N., Steurer, N., Horak, N., Hindermann, E., Fischer, F., & Gessler, K. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138550 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Use of mental health supports by civilians exposed to the November 2015 terrorist attacks in Paris
Pirard, P., Baubet, T., Motreff, Y., Rabet, G., Marillier, M., Vandentorren, S., Vuillermoz, C., Stene, L., & Messiah, A. (2020) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-020-05785-3 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Braga, L. W., de Oliveira, S. B., Moreira, A. S., Pereira, M. E., Carneiro, V. S., Serio, A., Freitas, L. F., Isidro, H. B. L., & Souza, L. M. N. (2022) · Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3233/nre-228020 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Petersen, I. B., & Quinlivan, J. A. (2021) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1080/0167482x.2020.1808620 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Anxiety, depression, and quality of life in German ambulatory breast cancer patients
Schleife, H., Sachtleben, C., Barboza, C. F., Singer, S., & Hinz, A. (2012) · Breast Cancer · doi:10.1007/s12282-012-0378-6 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Pan, Y., Heisig, S. R., von Blanckenburg, P., Albert, U., Hadji, P., Rief, W., & Nestoriuc, Y. (2018) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-017-4637-2 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Huang, Y., Xiao, Y., Zhang, X., Li, J., Chen, X., & Shen, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00039 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Zingano, B. D. L., Guarnieri, R., Díaz, A. P., Schwarzbold, M. L., Bicalho, M. A. H., Sukys-Claudino, L., Markowitsch, H. J., Wolf, P., Lin, K., & Walz, R. (2015) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.06.004 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Smoking as a risk factor for chronic musculoskeletal complaints is influenced by age. The HUNT Study
Kvalheim, S., Sandven, I., Hagen, K., & Zwart, J. (2013) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2013.03.015 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Han, C., Ge, Z., Jiang, W., Zhao, H., & Ma, T. (2017) · BMC Anesthesiology · doi:10.1186/s12871-017-0394-3 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Carr, A. L., Sluiman, A. J., Grecian, S. M., Forster, R., McLachlan, S., Strachan, M. W. J., & Price, J. F. (2020) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-020-05301-6 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
An integrated secondary prevention group programme reduces depression in cardiac patients
Turner, A., Murphy, B. M., Higgins, R. O., Elliott, P. C., Grande, M. R. L., Goble, A. J., & Worcester, M. C. (2012) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487312467747 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Peters, M. E. W. J., Goedendorp, M. M., Verhagen, S. A. H. H. V. M., van der Graaf, W. T. A., & Bleijenberg, G. (2014) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.3481 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Zhao, S. S., Jones, G. T., Hughes, D. M., Moots, R. J., & Goodson, N. J. (2021) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keab242 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Straat, J. H., van der Ark, L. A., & Sijtsma, K. (2013) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.11.012 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Prevalence and factors associated with erectile dysfunction in a cohort of HIV-infected patients
Pérez, I., Moreno, T., Navarro, F., Santos, J. S., & Palacios, R. (2013) · International Journal of STD & AIDS · doi:10.1177/0956462413482423 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Larsen, K. K., Christensen, B., Nielsen, T. J., & Vestergaard, M. (2014) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000115 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Kim, M. C., Jung, Y. S., Song, Y., Lee, J. I., Park, J. H., Sohn, C. I., Choi, K. Y., & Park, D. I. (2015) · Gut and Liver · doi:10.5009/gnl15188 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
- Authors
- Brennan, C., Worrall-Davies, A., McMillan, D., Gilbody, S., & House, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Brennan, Cathy
- Venue
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-10
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 371-378
- ISSN
- 0022-3999 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2017953368
- Cited by
- 374
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 1.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, case finding, screening accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, likelihood ratios, receiver operating characteristic, cut-off values
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Predictive Value of Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Sensitivity and Specificity, Odds Ratio
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
