COVID-19 pandemic disruptions to working lives: a multilevel examination of impacts across career stages
Open accessAbstract
Since early 2020 the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted societies worldwide. As we moved from expecting the closure of society to be a short-term one to experiencing it as a longer-term phenomenon, we lacked understanding about how the pandemic has affected the working lives and wellbeing of employees in different life and career stages. Drawing from lifespan development approaches and Job Demands-Resources (JD-R), we considered the effect this profound disruption had on stress, burnout, and job satisfaction across career stages over time. We took a multi-level approach to the analysis of three waves of data. Disruptions were a predictor of stress and negatively affected disengagement and job satisfaction over time. We found differences in the ways in which people in different career stages reacted to these disruptions and adjusted over time. Job autonomy positively influenced wellbeing over time, however perceived organizational support contributed to growth in burnout disengagement and exhaustion and lower job satisfaction over time. We discuss the implications of our findings for workplaces managing in the aftermath of external shocks going forward.
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New ways of working experienced a boost during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to even more pressure on employers to experiment with new measures for WHP tailored to employees' needs.
“This was particularly the case because new ways of working experienced a boost during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to even more pressure on employers to experiment with new measures for WHP tailored to employees’ needs [71].”
From Advantages and disadvantages of mobile applications for workplace health promotion: A scoping review (2024) · cites this paper as [71]
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Advantages and disadvantages of mobile applications for workplace health promotion: A scoping review
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“This was particularly the case because new ways of working experienced a boost during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to even more pressure on employers to experiment with new measures for WHP tailored to employees’ needs [71].”
Background
- Authors
- Mockaitis, A. I., Butler, C. L., & Ojo, A.
- Affiliations
- National University of Ireland, Maynooth (IE)
- Kingston University London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Butler, Christina L.
- Venue
- Journal of Vocational Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-10
- Volume
- 138
- Pages
- 103768
- ISSN
- 0001-8791 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9388277
- OpenAlex
- W4292239250
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 8.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Vocational Behavior (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Repository (Kingston University London) (acceptedVersion)
- Maynooth University ePrints and eTheses Archive (Maynooth University) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Kingston University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Work-Family Balance Challenges
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, career stages, employee well-being, burnout, job satisfaction, occupational stress, employee autonomy, perceived organizational support, burnout exhaustion, lifespan development, job demands-resources model
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