The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The evolution of intellectual property strategy in innovation ecosystems: Uncovering complementary and substitute appropriability regimes
Open accessAbstract
In this article, we attempt to extend and nuance the debate on intellectual property (IP) strategy, appropriation, and open innovation in dynamic and systemic innovation contexts. We present the case of four generations of mobile telecommunications systems (covering the period 1980–2015), and describe and analyze the co-evolution of strategic IP management and innovation ecosystems. Throughout this development, technologies and technological relationships were governed with different and shifting degrees of formality. Simultaneously, firms differentiated technology accessibility across actors and technologies to benefit from openness and appropriation of innovation. Our analysis shows that the discussion of competitiveness and appropriability needs to be expanded from the focal appropriability regime and complementary assets to the larger context of the innovation ecosystem and its cooperative and competitive actor relations, with dispersed complementary and substitute assets and technologies. Consequently, the shaping of complementary and substitute appropriability regimes is central when strategizing in dynamic and systemic innovation contexts. This holds important implications for the management of open innovation, innovation ecosystems, platforms, and coopetition.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Teece, D. J. (1986) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/0048-7333(86)90027-2 · Cited by 7,842
Comparative Economic Organization: The Analysis of Discrete Structural Alternatives
Williamson, O. E. (1991) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393356 · Cited by 7,151
Mixing Qualitative and Quantitative Methods: Triangulation in Action.
Jick, T. D. (1979) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392366 · Cited by 7,103 · cited 2×
“opportunities as possible for triangulation (Jick 1979; Langley 1999).”
BackgroundStrategies for Theorizing from Process Data
Langley, A. (1999) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1999.2553248 · Cited by 7,008
Laursen, K., & Salter, A. (2006) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.507 · Cited by 6,324
Revisiting the commons: local lessons, global challenges.
Ostrom, E., Burger, J., Field, C. B., Norgaard, R. B., & Policansky, D. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5412.278 · Cited by 2,798
Industry Platforms and Ecosystem Innovation
Gawer, A., & Cusumano, M. A. (2014) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/jpim.12105 · Cited by 2,394
Bridging differing perspectives on technological platforms: Toward an integrative framework
Gawer, A. (2014) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2014.03.006 · Cited by 1,869 · cited 2×
“…and open innovation, it is also relevant for future research and management of coopetition (e.g., Brandenburger and Nalebuff, 1996; Gnyawali and Park, 2011; Fernandez et al., 2014; Bouncken et al., 2015) and platforms (e.g., Gawer, 2014; Gawer and Cusumano, 2014; Bogers et al., 2017), respectively.”
BackgroundHarhoff, D., Henkel, J., & von Hippel, E. (2003) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/s0048-7333(03)00061-1 · Cited by 772
Towards a theory of the technology-based firm
Granstrand, O. (1998) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/s0048-7333(98)00067-5 · Cited by 418 · cited 2×
“Studies then showed that technology diversification and concomitant external technology acquisition and exploitation play pivotal roles for combining and recombining complementary technology resources into complementary multi-technology products, thereby generating recombinant growth (Granstrand and Oskarsson 1994; Gr…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Cited by
Open innovation in SMEs: Exploring inter-organizational relationships in an ecosystem
Radziwon, A., & Bogers, M. (2019) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2018.04.021 · Cited by 382
Self-citationHow can open innovation ecosystem modes push product innovation forward? An fsQCA analysis
Xie, X., & Wang, H. (2020) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.10.011 · Cited by 325
Metadata
- Authors
- Holgersson, M., Granstrand, O., & Bogers, M.
- Venue
- Long Range Planning
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-04
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 303-319
- ISSN
- 0024-6301 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2752034508
- Cited by
- 231
- References
- 10
- FWCI
- 16.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The evolution of intellectual property strategy in innovation ecosystems: Uncovering complementary and substitute appropriability regimes. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.lrp.2017.08.007
- The paper
- Holgersson, M., Granstrand, O., & Bogers, M. (2018). The evolution of intellectual property strategy in innovation ecosystems: Uncovering complementary and substitute appropriability regimes. Long Range Planning. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2017.08.007
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
