A pelvic floor muscle training program in postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate if a specific pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) program effectively increases pelvic floor muscle (PFM) contractility and decreases anterior pelvic organ prolapse (POP) as well as urogynecological symptoms, in postmenopausal women. The mean outcome measure of this study was the pelvic floor surface electromyography (sEMG) activity.Study design A clinical, randomized, blinded-assessor and controlled study was conducted with 46 postmenopausal women. Thirty women completed this study (mean age of 65.93 years), divided into two groups: Treatment Group - TG (n=18) and Control Group - CG (n=12). The evaluation was carried out using digital palpation, sEMG, pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) as well as validated questionnaires by the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaires to investigate urogynecological symptoms. The treatment protocol consisted of 12 group sessions, twice a week, with 30 min of duration each. These data were then submitted to statistical analyses by the Statistical Analysis System for Windows software, with a significance level of 5%.Results The pelvic floor muscle contractility increased after PFMT, evaluated by sEMG (p=0.003) and digital palpation (p=0.001), accompanied by a decrease in urinary symptoms (p<0.001 for ICIQ-OAB scores e 0.036 for ICIQ UI-SF) as well as anterior pelvic organ prolapse (p=0.03).Conclusion This preliminary study suggests that the applied PFMT program could be an effective way to increase PFM contractility, as well as to decrease both anterior pelvic organ prolapse and urinary symptoms, in postmenopausal women.
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For short-term effect, RCTs showed PFMT to be effective in treating POP, demonstrating statistically significant improvement in POP symptoms and/or anatomical POP assessed by POP-Q stage compared to the comparison group.
“For short-term effect of PFMT, the RCTs showed PFMT to be effective in treating POP, demonstrating statistically significant improvement in POP symptoms [41–46, 48, 49] and/or anatomical POP, assessed by POP-Q stage [40, 42–44, 46, 48] compared to the comparison group.”
From International urogynecology consultation chapter 3 committee 2; conservative treatment of patient with pelvic organ prolapse: Pelvic floor muscle training (2022) · cites this paper as [48]
In Alves et al.-15, PFM contractility increased after PFMT evaluated by sEMG (p = 0.003) and vaginal palpation (p = 0.001).
“PFM contractility increased after PFMT, evaluated by sEMG (p = 0.003) and vaginal palpation (p = 0.001)”
From International urogynecology consultation chapter 3 committee 2; conservative treatment of patient with pelvic organ prolapse: Pelvic floor muscle training (2022) · cites this paper as [48]
The effect of PFMT in the general female population with POP showed overall positive short-term results on POP symptoms, and in most of the studies measuring anatomical POP, the prolapse improved one stage.
“The effect of PFMT in the general female population with POP showed overall positive short-term results on POP symptoms, and in most of the studies measuring anatomical POP, the prolapse improved one stage [40, 42–44, 46, 48].”
From International urogynecology consultation chapter 3 committee 2; conservative treatment of patient with pelvic organ prolapse: Pelvic floor muscle training (2022) · cites this paper as [48]
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- Authors
- Alves, F. K., Riccetto, C., Adami, D. B. V., Marques, J., Pereira, L. C., Palma, P., & Botelho, S.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) (BR)
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Riccetto, Cássio
- Adami, Délcia B.V.
- Marques, Joseane
- Pereira, Larissa C.
- Palma, Paulo
- Botelho, Simone
- Venue
- Maturitas
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-06
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 300-305
- ISSN
- 0378-5122 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2072443646
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 4.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Maturitas (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- CAPES
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Pelvic floor disorders treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Sexual function and dysfunction studies
- Keywords
- pelvic floor muscle training, postmenopausal women, anterior pelvic organ prolapse, urinary incontinence, surface electromyography, group exercise program, menopause
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Electromyography, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Muscle Contraction, Surveys and Questionnaires, Urinary Incontinence, Postmenopause, Pelvic Floor, Pelvic Organ Prolapse
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