Pelvic floor muscle training for treatment of pelvic organ prolapse: an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial
Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis This pilot study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse.Methods Thirty-seven women with stage II prolapse were randomized to either the intervention group (n = 21) or the control group (n = 16). The evaluation included assessments of pelvic floor muscle function and surface electromyography at baseline and post 14 weeks of treatment. The severity of prolapse was quantified by the POP-Q method and symptoms by P-QoL questionnaire.Results The intervention group showed significantly greater anatomic improvements in the anterior and posterior vaginal wall prolapses than did the control group (P < 0.001 and 0.025, respectively) and a decrease of symptoms. In addition, the intervention group had greater improvements in muscle strength (P < 0.001), endurance (P < 0.001), and electromyography parameters (P = 0.008) compared to the control group.Conclusions PFMT is effective in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse.
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For short-term effect, RCTs showed PFMT to be effective in treating POP, demonstrating statistically significant improvement in POP symptoms and/or anatomical POP assessed by POP-Q stage compared to the comparison group.
“For short-term effect of PFMT, the RCTs showed PFMT to be effective in treating POP, demonstrating statistically significant improvement in POP symptoms [41–46, 48, 49] and/or anatomical POP, assessed by POP-Q stage [40, 42–44, 46, 48] compared to the comparison group.”
From International urogynecology consultation chapter 3 committee 2; conservative treatment of patient with pelvic organ prolapse: Pelvic floor muscle training (2022) · cites this paper as [44]
In Stüpp et al.-11, POP-Q stage improved significantly more in the training group for anterior vaginal wall (p < 0.001) and posterior vaginal wall (p = 0.025).
“POP-Q stage: significantly greater improvement in training group (anterior vaginal wall: p < 0.001, posterior vaginal wall: p = 0.025)”
From International urogynecology consultation chapter 3 committee 2; conservative treatment of patient with pelvic organ prolapse: Pelvic floor muscle training (2022) · cites this paper as [44]
The effect of PFMT in the general female population with POP showed overall positive short-term results on POP symptoms, and in most of the studies measuring anatomical POP, the prolapse improved one stage.
“The effect of PFMT in the general female population with POP showed overall positive short-term results on POP symptoms, and in most of the studies measuring anatomical POP, the prolapse improved one stage [40, 42–44, 46, 48].”
From International urogynecology consultation chapter 3 committee 2; conservative treatment of patient with pelvic organ prolapse: Pelvic floor muscle training (2022) · cites this paper as [44]
Eight studies found that PFMT improved bladder symptoms and five studies found improvement of anorectal symptoms in women with POP.
“Eight studies found that PFMT improved bladder symptoms [38, 39, 43, 44, 47, 60, 61, 74] and five studies found improvement of anorectal symptoms [39, 43, 44, 47, 61, 74].”
From International urogynecology consultation chapter 3 committee 2; conservative treatment of patient with pelvic organ prolapse: Pelvic floor muscle training (2022) · cites this paper as [44]
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Espinoza, C. C. F. (2018) · doi:10.11606/t.7.2018.tde-20092018-164125 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Genitaldeszensus und Belastungsinkontinenz
Baeßler, K., & Maher, C. (2013) · Der Gynäkologe · doi:10.1007/s00129-012-3122-6
Lopes, A. J., Filho, S., Moura, A. C. D., da Fonseca, R. M., Camillato, E. S., & Cangussu, R. D. O. (2013)
Bekkenbodemfysiotherapie bij urogenitale prolaps
Panman, C. M. C. R., Wiegersma, M., Kollen, B. J., Berger, M. Y., van Leeuwen, Y., Vermeulen, K. M., & Dekker, J. H. (2017) · Huisarts en Wetenschap · doi:10.1007/s12445-017-0036-5
Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Avoiding Complications
Dancz, C. E., & Fullerton, M. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17002-2_70-1
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Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Avoiding Complications
Dancz, C. E., & Fullerton, M. E. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17798-4_70
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Bø, K., & Brækken, I. H. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-40862-6_52
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Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Avoiding Complications
Dancz, C. E., Tavakoli, A., & Fullerton, M. E. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17002-2_70-2
Efficacy of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of patients with cystocele
Orudzhova, N. A., Kolgaeva, D. I., Koneva, E. S., Zhumanova, E. N., Aa, M., Illarionov, V. E., & Portnov, V. V. (2023) · Fizioterapevt (Physiotherapist) · doi:10.33920/med-14-2306-06
Sreevinishaa, Jothilingam, M., Buvanesh, & Kandasamy, G. (2024) · Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy - An International Journal · doi:10.37506/ykrf3h15
Examining the impact of weight loss and exercise on pelvic organ prolapse (POP) management
Moskal, B., & Bednarczyk, M. M. (2024) · Quality in Sport · doi:10.12775/qs.2024.19.54098
Torkzadeh, A., Hadian, M. R., Zargham, M., Nitsche, M. A., Gorji, Z., Jalaie, S., & Yeniyol, F. (2026) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-026-06546-2
Conservative and Nonsurgical Management of Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Hong, C. X., & LaCross, J. A. (2026) · Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/grf.0000000000001061
- Authors
- Stüpp, L., Resende, A. P. M., Oliveira, E., Castro, R. A., Girão, M. J. B. C., & Sartori, M. G. F.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Stüpp, Liliana
- Venue
- International Urogynecology Journal
- Published
- 2011-04-12
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1233-1239
- ISSN
- 0937-3462 (ISSN-L)
- 1433-3023
- OpenAlex
- W2064440022
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- International Urogynecology Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UNIFESP Institutional Repository (Universidade Federal de São Paulo) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Pelvic floor disorders treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Sexual function and dysfunction studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research
- Keywords
- pelvic floor muscle training, pelvic organ prolapse, pelvic floor muscle strength, muscular endurance, surface electromyography, POP-Q, vaginal wall prolapse, women's health
- MeSH terms
- Electromyography, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Muscle Contraction, Quality of Life, Exercise, Treatment Outcome, Pelvic Floor, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Strength, Pelvic Organ Prolapse
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