The multifaceted mineralocorticoid receptor

Gomez‐Sanchez, Elise; Gomez‐Sanchez, Celso E.

doi:10.1002/j.2040-4603.2014.tb00569.x

Cited by 55Hormonal Regulation and HypertensionEstrogen and related hormone effectsAdrenal Hormones and Disorders

The multifaceted mineralocorticoid receptor

Gomez‐Sanchez, Elise, Gomez‐Sanchez, Celso E.·2014·Comprehensive Physiology

DOI 10.1002/j.2040-4603.2014.tb00569.x

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Abstract

The primary adrenal cortical steroid hormones, aldosterone, and the glucocorticoids cortisol and corticosterone, act through the structurally similar mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). Aldosterone is crucial for fluid, electrolyte, and hemodynamic homeostasis and tissue repair; the significantly more abundant glucocorticoids are indispensable for energy homeostasis, appropriate responses to stress, and limiting inflammation. Steroid receptors initiate gene transcription for proteins that effect their actions as well as rapid non‐genomic effects through classical cell signaling pathways. GR and MR are expressed in many tissues types, often in the same cells, where they interact at molecular and functional levels, at times in synergy, others in opposition. Thus the appropriate balance of MR and GR activation is crucial for homeostasis. MR has the same binding affinity for aldosterone, cortisol, and corticosterone. Glucocorticoids activate MR in most tissues at basal levels and GR at stress levels. Inactivation of cortisol and corticosterone by 11β‐HSD2 allows aldosterone to activate MR within aldosterone target cells and limits activation of the GR. Under most conditions, 11β‐HSD1 acts as a reductase and activates cortisol/corticosterone, amplifying circulating levels. 11β‐HSD1 and MR antagonists mitigate inappropriate activation of MR under conditions of oxidative stress that contributes to the pathophysiology of the cardiometabolic syndrome; however, MR antagonists decrease normal MR/GR functional interactions, a particular concern for neurons mediating cognition, memory, and affect. © 2014 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 4:965‐994, 2014.

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Corticosterone can be converted to 11-dehydrocorticosterone by HSD11B2 in the kidney, preventing activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) by corticosterone.
“Corticosterone can be converted to 11-dehydrocorticosterone by the action of HSD11B2 in the kidney, which prevents the activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) by corticosterone”
From Human steroid biosynthesis, metabolism and excretion are differentially reflected by serum and urine steroid metabolomes: a comprehensive review (2019) · cites this paper as [219]
Corticosterone's MR-activating potency is considerably lower than that of aldosterone.
“though corticosterone’s MR-activating potency is considerably lower than that of aldosterone [219].”
From Human steroid biosynthesis, metabolism and excretion are differentially reflected by serum and urine steroid metabolomes: a comprehensive review (2019) · cites this paper as [219]

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Human steroid biosynthesis, metabolism and excretion are differentially reflected by serum and urine steroid metabolomes: a comprehensive review
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“Corticosterone can be converted to 11-dehydrocorticosterone by the action of HSD11B2 in the kidney, which prevents the activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) by corticosterone though corticosterone’s MR-activating potency is considerably lower than that of aldosterone [219].”

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Authors: Gomez‐Sanchez, E., & Gomez‐Sanchez, C. E.
Affiliations: G.V.(Sonny) Montgomery V.A. Medical Center and Department of Medicine University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson Mississippi
Venue: Comprehensive Physiology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2014-07
Volume: 4
Issue: 3
Pages: 965-994
ISSN: 2040-4603 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1002/j.2040-4603.2014.tb00569.x
OpenAlex: W4409120372
Semantic Scholar: 7a31ae1a885a350aaecee2d5692c77add13a0b62
Cited by: 55
References: 504
Citations by year: 2026: 25 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
FWCI: 1.34
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm)
Locations: Comprehensive physiology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Keywords: mineralocorticoid receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, aldosterone, cortisol, corticosterone, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, non-genomic steroid action, receptor interaction, oxidative stress, cardiometabolic syndrome, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, stress response, inflammation, fluid and electrolyte balance

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The multifaceted mineralocorticoid receptor

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