Sensory and sympathetic nervous system control of white adipose tissue lipolysis
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Circulating factors are typically invoked to explain bidirectional communication between the CNS and white adipose tissue (WAT). Thus, initiation of lipolysis has been relegated primarily to adrenal medullary secreted catecholamines and the inhibition of lipolysis primarily to pancreatic insulin, whereas signals of body fat levels to the brain have been ascribed to adipokines such as leptin. By contrast, evidence is given for bidirectional communication between brain and WAT occurring via the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and sensory innervation of this tissue. Using retrograde transneuronal viral tract tracers, the SNS outflow from brain to WAT has been defined. Functionally, sympathetic denervation of WAT blocks lipolysis to a variety of lipolytic stimuli. Using anterograde transneuronal viral tract tracers, the sensory input from WAT to brain has been defined. Functionally, these WAT sensory nerves respond electrophysiologically to increases in WAT SNS drive suggesting a possible neural negative feedback loop to regulate lipolysis.
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All functions of the sympathetic nervous system are related to allocation of energy-rich fuels and calcium and phosphate to an activated immune system.
“All these functions of the SNS are related to allocation of energy-rich fuels and calcium and phosphate to an activated immune system.”
From Interaction of the endocrine system with inflammation: a function of energy and volume regulation (2014) · cites this paper as [49]
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What we talk about when we talk about fat
Rosen, E. D., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.012 · Cited by 2,373 · see citing works
“Adipose tissue is richly innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers, with the former driving lipolysis during fasting and cold exposure and the latter promoting lipid accumulation after feeding (Bartness et al., 2010a; Kreier et al., 2002).”
Control of brown and beige fat development
Wang, W., & Seale, P. (2016) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm.2016.96 · Cited by 697 · see citing works
Neurological consequences of obesity
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Immune Regulation of Metabolic Homeostasis in Health and Disease
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“In addition to their ability to store triglycerides, white adipocytes respond to hormonal signals to induce lipolysis and release free fatty acids (FFA) into the circulation for oxidation or storage by other cell types (Arner et al., 2011; Bartness et al., 2010).”
Biology's response to dieting: the impetus for weight regain
MacLean, P. S., Bergouignan, A., Cornier, M., & Jackman, M. R. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00755.2010 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Physical activity and exercise in the regulation of human adipose tissue physiology.
Thompson, D., Karpe, F., Lafontan, M., & Frayn, K. (2012) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00012.2011 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
“The sympathetic innervation of adipose tissue is well-developed but not uniformly distributed (10, 11, 62, 66).”
BackgroundStructural and biochemical characteristics of various white adipose tissue depots
Wrońska, A., & Kmieć, Z. (2012) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2012.02409.x · Cited by 370 · see citing works
“It has been hypothesized that these lipids provide fuel for mitochondrial oxidation, because fatty acids contribute significantly to energy requirements of skeletal muscles during endurance exercise (Bergman et al. 2010).”
BackgroundNeural innervation of white adipose tissue and the control of lipolysis
Bartness, T. J., Liu, Y., Shrestha, Y. B., & Ryu, V. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.04.001 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
“Because we also have reviewed the SNS innervation of WAT recently and across the years (e.g., Bartness et al., 1993, 2010, 2005; Bartness and Song, 2007a,b), we will make every attempt not to repeat this information, although some reiteration is necessary.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationBrown Adipose Tissue Activation Is Linked to Distinct Systemic Effects on Lipid Metabolism in Humans
Chondronikola, M., Volpi, E., Børsheim, E., Porter, C. C., Saraf, M. K., Annamalai, P., Yfanti, C., Chao, T., Wong, D., Shinoda, K., et al. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.04.029 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
“During periods of negative energy balance (e.g., cold-induced BAT activation), increased sympathetic tone promotes lipolysis, thereby increasing FFA availability (Bartness et al., 2010).”
BackgroundThe impact of sleep disorders on glucose metabolism: endocrine and molecular mechanisms
Briançon‐Marjollet, A., Weiszenstein, M., Henri, M., Thomas, A., Godin‐Ribuot, D., & Polak, J. (2015) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-015-0018-3 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
“Moreover, epinephrine, and to a lesser degree norepinephrine, have been largely studied and acknowledged as crucial mediators of adipose tissue lipolysis [293,294] acting through several β-adrenoceptor subtypes [295,296].”
BackgroundMechanistic Links Between Obesity, Diabetes, and Blood Pressure: Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue
Saxton, S. N., Clark, B., Withers, S., Eringa, E. C., & Heagerty, A. M. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00034.2018 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Brain Insulin Controls Adipose Tissue Lipolysis and Lipogenesis
Scherer, T., O’Hare, J., Diggs‐Andrews, K. A., Schweiger, M., Cheng, B., Lindtner, C., Zieliński, E., Vempati, P., Su, K., Dighe, S. V., et al. (2011) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2011.01.008 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
“Both surgical denervation and pharmacological sympathectomy suppressed basal WAT Hsl activation, a marker for sympathetic outflow to WAT (Bartness et al., 2010; Buettner et al., 2008).”
Lipolysis in lipid turnover, cancer cachexia, and obesity-induced insulin resistance
Arner, P., & Langin, D. (2014) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2014.03.002 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Cohen, P., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2016) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e15-10-0749 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
“Adipose tissue, particularly brown fat, is also extensively innervated with sympathetic fibers that stimulate lipolysis in the setting of fasting, leptin administration, and cold exposure (Bartness et al., 2010a,b; Zeng et al., 2015).”
BackgroundThe role for adipose tissue in weight regain after weight loss
MacLean, P. S., HIGGINS, J. A., Giles, E. D., Sherk, V. D., & Jackman, M. R. (2015) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12255 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Impact of stress on metabolism and energy balance
Rabasa, C., & Dickson, S. L. (2016) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.01.011 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
“Catecholamines stimulate lipolysis and the release of fatty acids from the adipose tissue, and also glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver [34,35].”
BackgroundEnergy balance regulation by thyroid hormones at central level
López, M., Álvarez, C. V., Nogueiras, R., & Diéguez, C. (2013) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2013.04.004 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Brown Adipose Tissue—A Translational Perspective
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Gestational Hypoxia and Developmental Plasticity
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Hypothalamic-autonomic control of energy homeostasis
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Elevated Hypothalamic TCPTP in Obesity Contributes to Cellular Leptin Resistance
Loh, K., Fukushima, A., Zhang, X., Galić, S., Briggs, D. I., Enriori, P. J., Simonds, S. E., Wiede, F., Reichenbach, A., Hauser, C., et al. (2011) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2011.09.011 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
“…signaling lowers plasma leptin by decreasing fat mass through the control of appetite and energy expenditure and by increasing sympathetic activity to adipose tissue to both promote lipolysis and inhibit leptin gene expression (Bartness et al., 2010; Commins et al., 2000; Myers et al., 2008).”
BackgroundInter‐organ communication: a gatekeeper for metabolic health
Castillo‐Armengol, J., Fajas, L., & Lopez‐Mejia, I. C. (2019) · The EMBO Reports · doi:10.15252/embr.201947903 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
“Alternatively, the nervous system coordinates whole-body metabolism not only by the production of neurohor-mones that act locally, but also by direct innervation of the target tissues [2 – 5].”
Molecular pathways linking adipose innervation to insulin action in obesity and diabetes mellitus
Guilherme, A., Henriques, F. D. S., Bedard, A. H., & Czech, M. (2019) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-019-0165-y · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Adipose Organ Development and Remodeling
Cinti, S. (2018) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c170042 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Free radicals and male reproduction.
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“Importantly, the sympathetic innervation of WAT is necessary for lipolysis triggered by stimuli like leptin or cold exposure in rodents.(13,33-36) Nonetheless, it is important to note that the level of sympathetic innervation varies among”
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“Accumulated neuroanatomical and functional evidence indicates the sensory and sympathetic innervations of WAT (Bartness et al. 2005, 2010).”
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“confirmed by histologically marking sensory nerves with sensory-associated neuropeptides, such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P [91,99,100,109].”
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Bartness, T. J., Shrestha, Y. B., Vaughan, C. H., Schwartz, G. J., & Song, C. K.
- Affiliations
- Georgia State University (US)
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bartness, Timothy J.
- Venue
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-04
- Volume
- 318
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 34-43
- ISSN
- 0303-7207 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2826518
- OpenAlex
- W1990112639
- Cited by
- 289
- References
- 180
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 1.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R37DK35254, R37DK035254)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Keywords
- white adipose tissue, lipolysis, sympathetic nervous system, sensory innervation, sympathetic denervation, anterograde and retrograde tracing, catecholamines, insulin, leptin, adipokines
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Lipolysis, Sensory Receptor Cells, Sympathetic Nervous System, Adipose Tissue, White
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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