Circadian rhythms in the fetus
Open accessAbstract
Throughout gestation, the close relationship between mothers and their progeny ensures adequate development and a successful transition to postnatal life. By living inside the maternal compartment, the fetus is inevitably exposed to rhythms of the maternal internal milieu such as temperature; rhythms originated by maternal food intake and maternal melatonin, one of the few maternal hormones that cross the placenta unaltered. The fetus, immature by adult standards, is however perfectly fit to accomplish the dual functions of living in the uterine environment and developing the necessary tools to "mature" for the next step, i.e. to be a competent newborn. In the fetal physiological context, organ function differs from the same organ's function in the newborn and adult. This may also extend to the developing circadian system. The information reviewed here suggests that the fetal circadian system is organized differently from that of the adult. Moreover, the fetal circadian rhythm is not just present simply as the initial immature expression of a mechanism that has function in the postnatal animal only. We propose that the fetal suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and fetal organs are peripheral maternal circadian oscillators, entrained by different maternal signals. Conceptually, the arrangement produces internal temporal order during fetal life, inside the maternal compartment. Following birth, it will allow for postnatal integration of the scattered fetal circadian clocks into an adult-like circadian system commanded by the SCN.
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Melatonin from the mother readily passes through the placenta and the fetal blood-brain barrier and may thus be the predominant relay of time-of-day information to the fetus, particularly during the transition from dusk to night as circulating melatonin rises.
“Melatonin from the mother readily passes through the placenta and the fetal blood–brain barrier and may thus be the predominant relay of time-of-day information to the fetus, particularly during the transition from dusk to night, as circulating melatonin rises31–34.”
From Rhythms of life: circadian disruption and brain disorders across the lifespan (2019) · cites this paper as [34]
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- Authors
- Serón-Ferré, M., Mendez, N., Abarzua-Catalan, L., Vilches, N., Valenzuela, F. J., Reynolds, H. E., Llanos, A. J., Rojas, A., Valenzuela, G. J., & Torres-Farfan, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Chile (CL)
- Arrowhead Regional Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-02
- Volume
- 349
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 68-75
- ISSN
- 0303-7207 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2007049603
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 0.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Universidad de Chile (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Arrowhead Regional Medical Center
- Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- suprachiasmatic nucleus, fetal development, peripheral circadian oscillators, fetal maturity, fetal hypothalamus, fetal organs, entrainment, postnatal transition
- MeSH terms
- Adrenal Glands, Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Fetus, Humans, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Melatonin, Pregnancy, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
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