Changes in and dorsal to the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus during early pregnancy
Open accessAbstract
Circadian rhythms in behavior and physiology change as female mammals transition from one reproductive state to another. The mechanisms responsible for this plasticity are poorly understood. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus contains the primary circadian pacemaker in mammals, and a large portion of its efferent projections terminate in the ventral subparaventricular zone (vSPZ), which also plays important roles in rhythm regulation. To determine whether these regions might mediate changes in overt rhythms during early pregnancy, we first compared rhythms in Fos and Per2 protein expression in the SCN and vSPZ of diestrous and early pregnant rats maintained in a 12:12-h light/dark (LD) cycle. No differences in the Fos rhythm were seen in the SCN core, but in the SCN shell, elevated Fos expression was maintained throughout the light phase in pregnant, but not diestrous, rats. In the vSPZ, the Fos rhythm was bimodal in diestrous rats, but this rhythm was lost in pregnant rats. Peak Per2 expression was phase-advanced by 4 h in the SCN of pregnant rats, and some differences in Per2 expression were found in the vSPZ as well. To determine whether differences in Fos expression were due to altered responsivity to light, we next characterized light-induced Fos expression in the SCN and vSPZ of pregnant and diestrous rats in the mid-subjective day and night. We found that the SCN core of the two groups responded in the same way at each time of day, whereas the rhythm of Fos responsivity in the SCN shell and vSPZ differed between diestrous and pregnant rats. These results indicate that the SCN and vSPZ are functionally re-organized during early pregnancy, particularly in how they respond to the photic environment. These changes may contribute to changes in overt behavioral and physiological rhythms that occur at this time.
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PER2 rhythms are phase-advanced by gonadectomy in males and by early pregnancy in females, but not by the estrous cycle.
“Rhythms for the clock protein, PER2, are phase-advanced by gonadectomy in males [147], and by early pregnancy in females [169], but not by the estrous cycle [147].”
From The neuroendocrine control of the circadian system: Adolescent chronotype (2012) · cites this paper as [169]
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- Authors
- Schrader, J. A., Nunez, A. A., & Smale, L.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Smale, L.
- Venue
- Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-12
- Volume
- 171
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 513-523
- ISSN
- 0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2975742
- OpenAlex
- W2118782643
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH (RO1 MH53433)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- suprachiasmatic nucleus, early pregnancy, circadian rhythm, Fos expression, light entrainment, circadian pacemaker, reproductive status, diestrus
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Darkness, Diestrus, Female, Light, Male, Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus, Pregnancy, Pregnancy, Animal, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Oncogene Proteins v-fos, Rats, Period Circadian Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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