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AKR1C3 (type 5 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/prostaglandin F synthase): Roles in malignancy and endocrine disorders
Open accessAbstract
Aldo-Keto-Reductase 1C3 (type 5 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD)/prostaglandin (PG) F 2α synthase) is the only 17β-HSD that is not a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase. By acting as a 17-ketosteroid reductase, AKR1C3 produces potent androgens in peripheral tissues which activate the androgen receptor (AR) or act as substrates for aromatase. AKR1C3 is implicated in the production of androgens in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and polycystic ovarian syndrome; and is implicated in the production of aromatase substrates in breast cancer. By acting as an 11-ketoprostaglandin reductase, AKR1C3 generates 11β-PGF 2α to activate the FP receptor and deprives peroxisome proliferator activator receptorγ of its putative PGJ 2 ligands. These growth stimulatory signals implicate AKR1C3 in non-hormonal dependent malignancies e.g. acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AKR1C3 moonlights by acting as a co-activator of the AR and stabilizes ubiquitin ligases. AKR1C3 inhibitors have been used clinically for CRPC and AML and can be used to probe its pluripotency.
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“other prostaglandin synthases in the same family as PTGES3 have been implicated in the production of androgens48,49.”
From Genome-scale CRISPR screens identify PTGES3 as a direct modulator of androgen receptor function in advanced prostate cancer (2025) · cites this paper as [48]
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“PTGES3 protein is reported to have several protein functions and to be localized to both the cytosol and nucleus41–49 (Fig. 3f).”
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Rizal, 2012, Aldo-keto reductase 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) is a biomarker and therapeutic target for castration-resistant prostate cancer, Mol. Med., 18, 1449, 10.2119/molmed.2012.00296 · DOI
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Aldo-Keto Reductases and Cancer Drug Resistance
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Self-citationThe Role of Prostaglandins in Different Types of Cancer
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Overview of AKR1C3: Inhibitor Achievements and Disease Insights
Liu, Y., He, S., Chen, Y., Liu, Y., Feng, F., Liu, W., Guo, Q., Zhao, L., & Sun, H. (2020) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02138 · Cited by 105
Paulukinas, R. D., Mesaros, C., & Penning, T. M. (2022) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqac068 · Cited by 63
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Penning, T. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Penning, Trevor M.
- ORCID
- Penning, Trevor M.
- Venue
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-06
- Volume
- 489
- Pages
- 82-91
- ISSN
- 0303-7207 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6422768
- OpenAlex
- W2890789239
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 0.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (P30-ES013508, R01-CA90744)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Aldose Reductase and Taurine
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Keywords
- AKR1C3, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5, androgen production, castration-resistant prostate cancer, polycystic ovary syndrome, breast cancer, prostaglandin F2alpha, FP receptor, PPARγ, acute myeloid leukemia, AKR1C3 inhibitors, moonlighting enzymes
- MeSH terms
- Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C3, Endocrine System Diseases, Endocrine Gland Neoplasms, Enzyme Inhibitors, Humans, Steroids, Epigenesis, Genetic
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