Cited by 570Liver Disease Diagnosis and TreatmentEndoplasmic Reticulum Stress and DiseaseDiet, Metabolism, and Disease

Molecular mechanisms of lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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Mota, Manoela, Banini, Bubu A., Cazanave, Sophie C., Sanyal, Arun J.·2016·Metabolism

Abstract

The exposure of hepatocytes to high concentrations of lipids and carbohydrates and the ensuing hepatocellular injury are termed lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity, respectively. A common denominator is metabolic derangement, especially in regards to intracellular energy homeostasis, which is brought on by glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in tissues. In this review, we highlight the lipids and carbohydrates that provoke hepatocyte injury and the mechanisms involved in lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity, including endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment. Through upregulation of proteins involved in various pathways including PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), CCAAT/enhancer-binding homologous protein (CHOP), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase-1 (JNK), Bcl-2 interacting mediator (BIM), p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), and eventually caspases, hepatocytes in lipotoxic states ultimately undergo apoptosis. The protective role of certain lipids and possible targets for pharmacological therapy are explored. Finally, we discuss the role of high fructose and glucose diets in contributing to organelle impairment and poor glucose transport mechanisms, which perpetuate hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia by shunting of excess carbohydrates into lipogenesis.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.02.014

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  • Persistent elevated levels of glucose can swamp the glycolytic process and inhibit glyceraldehyde catabolism, which promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative damage, inducing β cells apoptosis and inhibiting β cells secretion.

    “Persistent elevated levels of glucose can swamp the glycolytic process and inhibit glyceraldehyde catabolism, which promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative damage, inducing β cells apoptosis and inhibiting β cells secretion (73, 74).”

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  1. [84]Li ZZ Berk M McIntyre TM Feldstein AE Hepatic lipid partitioning and liver damage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase J Biol Chem 2009 284 9 5637 5644 10.1074/jbc.M807616200 19119140 PMC2645822 · DOI
  2. [113]Kanety H Feinstein R Papa MZ Hemi R Karasik A Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). possible mechanism for suppression of insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 J Biol Chem 1995 270 40 23780 23784 7559552

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Authors
Mota, M., Banini, B. A., Cazanave, S. C., & Sanyal, A. J.
Affiliations
Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
Corresponding author
  • Mota, Manoela
  • Sanyal, Arun J.
Venue
Metabolism
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2016-08
Volume
65
Issue
8
Pages
1049-1061
ISSN
0026-0495 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2289624028
Cited by
570
References
121
Citations by year
2026: 38 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 85 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 90 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 5 · 2012: 1
FWCI
4.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R03DK081450, T32DK007150, R01DK081410)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
Keywords
lipotoxicity, glucotoxicity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatocyte injury, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, PERK/CHOP pathway, PUMA, caspases, high-fructose diet, glucose transport, lipogenesis, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, energy homeostasis
MeSH terms
Humans, Insulin Resistance, Mitochondria, Signal Transduction, Glucose Intolerance, Oxidative Stress, JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Transcription Factor CHOP, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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