Glucose transporters in adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle in metabolic health and disease
Open accessAbstract
A family of facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs) is involved in regulating tissue-specific glucose uptake and metabolism in the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue to ensure homeostatic control of blood glucose levels. Reduced glucose transport activity results in aberrant use of energy substrates and is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. It is well established that GLUT2, the main regulator of hepatic hexose flux, and GLUT4, the workhorse in insulin- and contraction-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, are critical contributors in the control of whole-body glycemia. However, the molecular mechanism how insulin controls glucose transport across membranes and its relation to impaired glycemic control in type 2 diabetes remains not sufficiently understood. An array of circulating metabolites and hormone-like molecules and potential supplementary glucose transporters play roles in fine-tuning glucose flux between the different organs in response to an altered energy demand.
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Skeletal muscle expresses several other glucose transporters, such as GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT6, GLUT10, and GLUT12, at lower abundance.
“Beyond GLUT4, skeletal muscle expresses several other glucose transporters, such as GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT6, GLUT10, and GLUT12, albeit at lower abundance [16].”
From Effects of Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy on Fat Mass and Glucose Homeostasis in Humans and Animals: A Narrative Review with Systematic Literature Search (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
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Improved Insulin Sensitivity by GLUT12 Overexpression in Mice
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GLUT1-mediated glucose uptake plays a crucial role during Plasmodium hepatic infection
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Papamichail, L., Koch, L. S., Veerman, D., Broersen, K., & van der Meer, A. D. (2025) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2025.1515340 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Imaging Approaches for the Study of Metabolism in Real Time Using Genetically Encoded Reporters
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“Beyond GLUT4, skeletal muscle expresses several other glucose transporters, such as GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT6, GLUT10, and GLUT12, albeit at lower abundance [16].”
Santos, H. O., & Penha-Silva, N. (2025) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2024.112617 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Huang, Z., Li, L., Dudley, K., Xiao, L., Huang, G., Subramaniam, V. N., Chen, C., Crawford, R., & Xiao, Y. (2025) · BME Frontiers · doi:10.34133/bmef.0181 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Chadt, A., & Al-Hasani, H.
- Affiliations
- Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum e.V. (DE)
- ORCID
- Chadt, Alexandra
- Venue
- Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology
- Published
- 2020-06-26
- Volume
- 472
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1273-1298
- ISSN
- 0031-6768 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-2013
- PMC
- PMC7462924
- OpenAlex
- W3038041948
- Cited by
- 510
- References
- 275
- Citations by year
- 2026: 62 · 2025: 89 · 2024: 128 · 2023: 99 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 5.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Informationszentrum Lebenswissenschaften (ZB MED) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungegemeinschaft (CH1659)
- European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes (EFSD/NovoNordisk)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- glucose transporters, GLUT2, GLUT4, adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, glucose uptake, hepatic glucose metabolism, skeletal muscle glucose uptake, blood glucose homeostasis, circulating metabolites, energy metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Liver, Muscle, Skeletal, Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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