Compassion and self-compassion: Construct and measurement
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Decentering is strongly related to mindfulness in the context of self-compassion.
“decentering is strongly related to mindfulness in the context of self-compassion [29]”
From Attachment-Based Compassion Therapy for Reducing Anxiety and Depression in Fibromyalgia (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
Cites
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 · Cited by 32,433 · see citing works
The Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Self-Compassion
NEFF, K. D. (2003) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298860309027 · Cited by 6,436 · see citing works
Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the Self-Compassion Scale
Raes, F., Pommier, E., Neff, K. D., & Van Gucht, D. (2011) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.702 · Cited by 2,997 · see citing works
Compassion: an evolutionary analysis and empirical review
Goetz, J. L., Keltner, D., & Simon-Thomas, E. (2010) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0018807 · Cited by 2,200 · see citing works
Mindfulness-based therapy: a comprehensive meta-analysis
Khoury, B., Lecomte, T., Fortin, G., Masse, M., Therien, P., Bouchard, V., Chapleau, M.-A., Paquin, K., & Hofmann, S. G. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.05.005 · Cited by 2,003 · see citing works
Gilbert, P., & Procter, S. (2006) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.507 · Cited by 1,822 · see citing works
Measuring belongingness: The Social Connectedness and the Social Assurance scales.
Lee, R. M., & Robbins, S. B. (1995) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.42.2.232 · Cited by 1,484 · see citing works
Self‐Compassion Versus Global Self‐Esteem: Two Different Ways of Relating to Oneself
Neff, K. D., & Vonk, R. (2008) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00537.x · Cited by 1,258 · see citing works
Neff, K. D., Rude, S. S., & Kirkpatrick, K. L. (2007) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2006.08.002 · Cited by 1,224 · see citing works
What is compassion and how can we measure it? A review of definitions and measures
Strauss, C., Lever Taylor, B., Gu, J., Kuyken, W., Baer, R., Jones, F., & Cavanagh, K. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.05.004 · Cited by 1,021 · see citing works
Loving-Kindness and Compassion Meditation: Potential for Psychological Interventions
Hofmann, S. G., Grossman, P., & Hinton, D. E. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.07.003 · Cited by 960 · see citing works
Shiota, M. N., Keltner, D. J., & John, O. P. (2006) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760500510833 · Cited by 918 · see citing works
Fresco, D. M., Moore, M. T., van Dulmen, M. H. M., Segal, Z. V., Ma, S. H., Teasdale, J. D., & Williams, J. M. G. (2007) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2006.08.003 · Cited by 810 · see citing works
Compassionate love for close others and humanity
Sprecher, S., & Fehr, B. (2005) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407505056439 · Cited by 770 · see citing works
Self‐Compassion in Clinical Practice
Germer, C. K., & Neff, K. D. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22021 · Cited by 764 · see citing works
Neff, K. D., & Pommier, E. (2013) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2011.649546 · Cited by 651 · see citing works
Enhancing Compassion: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Compassion Cultivation Training Program
Jazaieri, H., Jinpa, T., McGonigal, K. M., Rosenberg, E. L., Finkelstein, J., Simon-Thomas, E. R., Cullen, M., Doty, J. R., Gross, J. J., & Goldin, P. R. (2012) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-012-9373-z · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Compassion interventions: The programmes, the evidence, and implications for research and practice
Kirby, J. N. (2017) · Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12104 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
(2009) · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Contemplative/emotion training reduces negative emotional behavior and promotes prosocial responses.
Kemeny, M. E., Foltz, C., Cavanagh, J. F., Cullen, M., Giese-Davis, J., Jennings, P., Rosenberg, E. L., Gillath, O., Shaver, P. R., Wallace, B. A., et al. (2012) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0026118 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Choi, E. P. H., Lam, C. L. K., & Chin, W. (2014) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-12-1 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Hwang, J. Y., Plante, T. G., & Lackey, K. (2008) · Pastoral Psychology · doi:10.1007/s11089-008-0117-2 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Garcia-Campayo, J., Navarro-Gil, M., Andrés, E., Montero-Marin, J., López-Artal, L., & Demarzo, M. M. (2014) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-12-4 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Fears of compassion and happiness in relation to alexithymia, mindfulness, and self‐criticism
Gilbert, P., McEwan, K., Gibbons, L., Chotai, S., Duarte, J., & Matos, M. (2012) · Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.2011.02046.x · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Hervás, G., & Vázquez, C. (2013) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-11-66 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Self‐harm in a mixed clinical population: The roles of self‐criticism, shame, and social rank
Gilbert, P., McEwan, K., Irons, C., Bhundia, R., Christie, R., Broomhead, C., & Rockliff, H. (2010) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466509x479771 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
(2012) · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Kraus, S., & Sears, S. (2009) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-008-9300-1 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Feliu‐Soler, A., Pascual, J. C., Elices, M., Martín‐Blanco, A., Carmona, C., Cebolla, A., Simón, V. M., & Soler, J. (2016) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2000 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationSoler, J., Franquesa, A., Feliu-Soler, A., Cebolla, A., García-Campayo, J., Tejedor, R., Demarzo, M., Baños, R., Pascual, J. C., & Portella, M. J. (2014) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2014.05.004 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Development and Evaluation of a Compassion Scale
Martins, D., Nicholas, N. A., Shaheen, M. A., Jones, L., & Norris, K. C. (2013) · Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved · doi:10.1353/hpu.2013.0148 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
BLACK, S. B. (2008) · Nursing Standard · doi:10.7748/ns2008.10.23.7.70.p4204 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Catarino, F., Gilbert, P., McEwan, K., & Baião, R. (2014) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2014.33.5.399 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Pommier, E. (2010) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library) · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Measuring Individual Differences in Trait Sympathy: Instrument Construction and Validation
Lee, S. A. (2009) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223890903228620 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Häcker, T. (2008) · Enlighten: Theses (The University of Glasgow) · Cited by 22 · see citing works
A Human Approach to World Peace
(2012) · Journal of Human Values · doi:10.1177/0971685812454479 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Salzberg, S. (2019) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/9780520949454-104 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The collective and compassionate consequences of downward social comparisons.
Wayment, H. A., & O’Mara, E. M. (2008) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/11771-015 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
4 of the 43 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Reliabilitas dan validitas Self-Compassion Scale versi Bahasa Indonesia
Sugianto, D., Suwartono, C., & Sutanto, S. H. (2020) · Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat · doi:10.24854/jpu107 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Brief mindfulness session improves mood and increases salivary oxytocin in psychology students
Bellosta‐Batalla, M., Blanco-Gandía, M. C., Rodríguez‐Arias, M., Cebolla, A., Pérez‐Blasco, J., & Moya‐Albiol, L. (2020) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2942 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Campos, D., Modrego-Alarcón, M., López-del-Hoyo, Y., González-Panzano, M., Van Gordon, W., Shonin, E., Navarro-Gil, M., & García-Campayo, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00809 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
van Lotringen, C. M., Lusi, B., Westerhof, G. J., Ludden, G., Kip, H., Kelders, S. M., & Noordzij, M. L. (2023) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/42403 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Validation of the Chinese Version of Self-Compassion Scale for Youth (SCS-Y)
Huang, L., Chen, Z., Jiang, W., Qu, D., Wang, Y., Fang, X., Han, H., Huang, C., Li, Z., & Chi, X. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-02024-0 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Kelly, L., & Dorian, M. (2017) · New England journal of entrepreneurship · doi:10.1108/neje-20-02-2017-b002 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Bellosta‐Batalla, M., Blanco-Gandía, M. C., Rodríguez‐Arias, M., Cebolla, A., Pérez‐Blasco, J., & Moya‐Albiol, L. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01316-7 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
A scoping review of the self-reported compassion measurement tools
Jiang, H., Wang, W., Mei, Y., Zhao, Z., Lin, B., & Zhang, Z. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17178-2 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Alcaraz‐Córdoba, A., Fernández, M. D. R., Ibáñez‐Masero, O., Ventura‐Miranda, M. I., Garcia-Navarro, E. B., & Ortega‐Galán, Á. M. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-05618-0 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Jahani, L., Abolhassani, S., Babaee, S., & Omranifard, V. (2022) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-022-00980-5 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Attachment-Based Compassion Therapy for Reducing Anxiety and Depression in Fibromyalgia
Santos, A., Crespo, I., Pérez-Aranda, A., Beltrán-Ruiz, M., Puebla-Guedea, M., & García-Campayo, J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19138152 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“, decentering is strongly related to mindfulness in the context of self-compassion [29], as it refers to the capacity of feeling painful emotions and thoughts without over-identifying with them.”
BackgroundOrue, I., Larrucea‐Iruretagoyena, M., Royuela-Colomer, E., & Calvete, E. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-02059-3 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Mindfulness, empatía y compasión: Evolución de la empatía a la compasión en el ámbito sanitario
Bellosta‐Batalla, M., Garrote‐Caparrós, E., Pérez‐Blasco, J., Moya‐Albiol, L., & Cebolla, A. (2019) · Revista de Investigación y Educación en Ciencias de la Salud (RIECS) · doi:10.37536/riecs.2019.4.s1.125 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Armitage, J. S. (2021) · Journal of Contemporary Ethnography · doi:10.1177/08912416211022817 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Ramos‐Vidal, I., & Ruíz, É. (2023) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.692 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The effect of self-compassion on academic burnout in undergraduate students
Farisandy, E. D., Yulianto, A., Kinanti, A. D., & Ayu, B. (2023) · International Journal of Science Annals · doi:10.26697/ijsa.2023.1.2 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Compassion in Spanish-speaking health care: A systematic review
Zaragozá, A. S., Soto-Rubio, A., Lacomba-Trejo, L., Valero-Moreno, S., & Pérez-Marín, M. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01994-z · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Narcissistic traits and compassion: Embracing oneself while devoiding others
Freund, V. L., Peeters, F. P. M. L., Meesters, C. M. G., Geschwind, N., Lemmens, L. H. J. M., Bernstein, D. P., & Lobbestael, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.914270 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Bases neurofisiológicas de mindfulness y compasión: una propuesta desde la teoría polivagal
González-García, M., & López, J. G. (2017) · Mindfulness & Compassion · doi:10.1016/j.mincom.2017.09.002 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Managing Shame in Organisations: Don’t Let Shame Become a Self-destructive Spiral
Oosthuizen, R. (2019) · The Bright Side of Shame · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-13409-9_15 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A Prototype Analysis of Self-Gratitude: Towards a Broadening of the Concept of Gratitude
Tachon, G., Rouibah, A., Morgan, B. E., & Shankland, R. (2021) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-021-00475-1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
de Diego‐Cordero, R., Martínez-del-Carmen, C., Sierra, P. B., & Vargas‐Martínez, A. M. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare9121661 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Compassion, secure flourishing, and organizational commitment of managers
Ford, M., Rothmann, S., & van Zyl, L. E. (2024) · Frontiers in Organizational Psychology · doi:10.3389/forgp.2024.1383378 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Merhamet Eğitimi ve Eğitimde Merhamet
Eşref, N. A. S., & KARDAŞ, F. (2022) · İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.15869/itobiad.894028 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A New Pyramid Model of Empathy
Drigas, A. S., & Papoutsi, C. (2023) · International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) · doi:10.3991/ijoe.v19i02.33591 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Determinants of Adolescents’ Healthy Lifestyle Behavior in Kediri, East Java
Hedo, D. J. P. K., & Katmini, K. (2022) · Jurnal PROMKES · doi:10.20473/jpk.v10.i2.2022.103-117 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-Compassion Based on Gender and Student Academic Achievement
Setiani, I. B., & Titi, D. (2023) · Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling · doi:10.17977/um001v8i12023p14-23 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-Compassion: Unveiling Mental Health Through Emotion Regulation in High-school Students
Syafitri, N., Lubis, R., Indrawan, Y. F., & Choong, T. C. (2024) · Tazkiya Journal of Psychology · doi:10.15408/tazkiya.v12i1.37794 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
To Love Yourself: Psychological Approach to Predict Healthy Lifestyle Behaviour in Adolescents
Hedo, D. J. P. K., & Katmini, K. (2022) · Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat · doi:10.15294/kemas.v18i2.36294 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Price, S. T., Fogarty, M., Sheppard, D., Campbell, G., Cartwright, S., Ito, K., MacDonald, R., Skotnitsky, S. G., Weigand, H., & Smith, K. (2022) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-80262-157-020221007 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Jarvis, S. K. (2017) · Summit (Simon Fraser University) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zinzen, J., van Hooren, S., Drost, R. M. W. A., Kavelaars, X., Rohrbach, P. J., Thewissen, V., Evers, S., & Boselie, J. J. L. M. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03860-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Effet d’une intervention en activité physique adaptée sur le niveau de compassion des détenus
Dosseville, F. E. M., Raça, I., Dugué, M., & Lecavelier, F. (2018) · Movement & Sport Sciences - Science & Motricité · doi:10.1051/sm/2018023 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sexual quality of life, self-compassion and desire to use onco-sexology support by cancer patients
Lantheaume, S., Moták, L., Guy, J., Paucsik, M., Doublet, L., Préau, M., Kotsou, I., & Huyghe, É. (2025) · Bulletin du Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.bulcan.2025.07.006 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Brown, J. D. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-24505-4_9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-Compassion Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir Prodi Bimbingan dan Konseling pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Setiani, I. B. (2021) · Prophetic Professional Empathy and Islamic Counseling Journal · doi:10.24235/prophetic.v4i1.8751 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lectura del vínculo terapéutico propuesto por el Método Clínico Psicológico desde la compasión
Barrientos, L. A. (2022) · Revista de Psicología Universidad de Antioquia · doi:10.17533/udea.rp.e343962 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ni’mah, U., & Nuryanti, L. (2022) · Advances in health sciences research/Advances in Health Sciences Research · doi:10.2991/ahsr.k.220403.016
Mindfulness and Self-Compassion: A Meta-Analysis
Stead, G. B., Mogus, J., & Rúa, S. M. H. (2025) · Trends in Psychology · doi:10.1007/s43076-025-00489-1
Additional file 1 of A scoping review of the self-reported compassion measurement tools
Jiang, H., Wang, W., Mei, Y., Zhao, Z., Lin, B., & Zhang, Z. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24630241
Compassion-Focused Therapy in European Latin Cultures
Martínez-Rives, N. L., & Beaumont, J. (2026) · Advances in mental health and addiction · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-12438-8_7
Psychometric Properties of the Compassion Scale: A Scoping Review
Pereira, M. D., & Barros, L. D. O. (2026) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-026-02918-3
- Authors
- Elices, M., Carmona, C., Pascual, J. C., Feliu-Soler, A., Martin-Blanco, A., & Soler, J.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de la República de Uruguay (UY)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Soler, Joaquim
- Venue
- Mindfulness & Compassion
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-01
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 34-40
- ISSN
- 2445-4079 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2590072781
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 3.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Mindfulness & Compassion (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- ISCIII (PI13/00134)
- ERDF
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- compassion, self-compassion, compassion-based interventions, psychometric scale, Spanish adaptation, scale validation, Spanish-speaking populations, compassion-focused therapy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review