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Cited by 638

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 116 of the 116 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Toxins, Targets, and Triggers: An Overview of Toxin-Antitoxin Biology

Open access
Harms, Alexander, Brodersen, Ditlev Egeskov, Mitarai, Namiko, Gerdes, Kenn·2018·Molecular Cell
DOI 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.01.003
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Abstract

Bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules are abundant genetic elements that encode a toxin protein capable of inhibiting cell growth and an antitoxin that counteracts the toxin. The majority of toxins are enzymes that interfere with translation or DNA replication, but a wide variety of molecular activities and cellular targets have been described. Antitoxins are proteins or RNAs that often control their cognate toxins through direct interactions and, in conjunction with other signaling elements, through transcriptional and translational regulation of TA module expression. Three major biological functions of TA modules have been discovered, post-segregational killing ("plasmid addiction"), abortive infection (bacteriophage immunity through altruistic suicide), and persister formation (antibiotic tolerance through dormancy). In this review, we summarize the current state of the field and highlight how multiple levels of regulation shape the conditions of toxin activation to achieve the different biological functions of TA modules.

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Metadata

Authors
Harms, A., Brodersen, D. E., Mitarai, N., & Gerdes, K.
Venue
Molecular Cell
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2018-06
Volume
70
Issue
5
Pages
768-784
ISSN
1097-2765 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.molcel.2018.01.003
OpenAlex
W2783707461
Cited by
638
References
116
FWCI
45.53
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Toxins, Targets, and Triggers: An Overview of Toxin-Antitoxin Biology. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.molcel.2018.01.003
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Harms, A., Brodersen, D. E., Mitarai, N., & Gerdes, K. (2018). Toxins, Targets, and Triggers: An Overview of Toxin-Antitoxin Biology. Molecular Cell. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2018.01.003

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