Why have clinical trials in sepsis failed?

Definitions for Sepsis and Organ Failure and Guidelines for the Use of Innovative Therapies in Sepsis

Bone, R. C., BALK, R. A., Cerra, F. B., Dellinger, R. P., Fein, A. M., Knaus, W. A., Schein, R. M. H., & Sibbald, W. J. (1992) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.101.6.1644 · Cited by 13,317

Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock

Rivers, E., Nguyen, B., Havstad, S., Ressler, J., Muzzin, A., Knoblich, B., Peterson, E., & Tomlanovich, M. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa010307 · Cited by 10,743

Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care

Angus, D. C., Linde-Zwirble, W. T., Lidicker, J., Clermont, G., Carcillo, J., & Pinsky, M. R. (2001) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-200107000-00002 · Cited by 8,503

Defective LPS Signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr Mice: Mutations in Tlr4 Gene

Poltorak, A., He, X., Smirnova, I., Liu, M.-Y., Huffel, C. V., Du, X., Birdwell, D., Alejos, E., Silva, M., Galanos, C., et al. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5396.2085 · Cited by 7,631

Efficacy and Safety of Recombinant Human Activated Protein C for Severe Sepsis

Bernard, G. R., Vincent, J., Laterre, P., LaRosa, S. P., Dhainaut, J.-F., Lopez-Rodriguez, A., Steingrub, J. S., Garber, G. E., Helterbrand, J. D., Ely, E. W., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200103083441001 · Cited by 6,124

2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference

Levy, M. M., Fink, M. P., Marshall, J. C., Abraham, E. H., Angus, D. C., Cook, D., Cohen, J., Opal, S. M., Vincent, J., & Ramsay, G. (2003) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000050454.01978.3b · Cited by 5,976

Intensive versus Conventional Glucose Control in Critically Ill Patients

(2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0810625 · Cited by 5,119

Genomic responses in mouse models poorly mimic human inflammatory diseases

Seok, J., Warren, H. S., Cuenca, A. G., Mindrinos, M. N., Baker, H. V., Xu, W., Richards, D. R., McDonald-Smith, G. P., Gao, H., Hennessy, L., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1222878110 · Cited by 3,005

Functional Disability 5 Years after Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Herridge, M. S., Tansey, C. M., Matte, A. L., TOMLINSON, G. A., Diaz-Granados, N., Cooper, A., Guest, C. B., Mazer, C. D., Mehta, S., Stewart, T. E., et al. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1011802 · Cited by 2,892

Anti-cachectin/TNF monoclonal antibodies prevent septic shock during lethal bacteraemia

Tracey, K. J., Fong, Y., Hesse, D. G., Manogue, K. R., Lee, A. T., Kuo, G. C., Lowry, S. F., & Cerami, A. (1987) · Nature · doi:10.1038/330662a0 · Cited by 2,448

Deficiency of Acute-Phase Serum Amyloid A Exacerbates Sepsis-Induced Mortality and Lung Injury in Mice

Ji, A., Trumbauer, A. C., Noffsinger, V. P., Meredith, L. W., Dong, B. E., Wang, Q., Guo, L., Li, X., de Beer, F. C., Webb, N. R., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms242417501 · Cited by 12

Update to the Vitamin C, Thiamine and Steroids in Sepsis (VICTAS) protocol: statistical analysis plan for a prospective, multicenter, double-blind, adaptive sample size, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial

Lindsell, C. J., McGlothlin, A. E., Nwosu, S., Rice, T. W., Hall, A. J., Bernard, G. R., Busse, L. W., Ely, E. W., Fowler, A. A., Gaieski, D. F., et al. (2019) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-019-3775-8 · Cited by 12

Dynamic LTR retrotransposon transcriptome landscape in septic shock patients

MIPrea Study Group, Mommert, M., REALISM Study Group, Tabone, O., Guichard, A., Oriol, G., Cerrato, E., Denizot, M., Cheynet, V., Pachot, A., et al. (2020) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-020-2788-8 · Cited by 13

Treatment of Pneumococcal Infection by Using Engineered Human C-Reactive Protein in a Mouse Model

Ngwa, D. N., Singh, S. K., Gang, T. B., & Agrawal, A. C. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.586669 · Cited by 12

Personalised immunotherapy in sepsis: a scoping review protocol

Slim, M. A., van Mourik, N., Dionne, J. C., Oczkowski, S. J. W., Netea, M. G., Pickkers, P., Giamarellos‐Bourboulis, E. J., Müller, M. C. A., van der Poll, T., Wiersinga, W. J., et al. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060411 · Cited by 12

Chasing the Ghost: Hyperinflammation Does Not Cause Sepsis

Shapiro, L., Scherger, S. J., Franco‐Paredes, C., Gharamti, A. A., Fraulino, D., & Henao‐Martínez, A. F. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.910516 · Cited by 12

Novel transdermal curcumin therapeutic preserves endothelial barrier function in a high-dose LPS rat model

Nugent, W. H., Carr, D. A., Friedman, J. M., & Song, B. K. (2023) · Artificial Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology · doi:10.1080/21691401.2022.2164584 · Cited by 13

Sepsis: the need for tolerance not complacency

Velho, T. R., Santos, I., Póvoa, P. M. S. R., & Moita, L. F. (2016) · Swiss Medical Weekly · doi:10.4414/smw.2016.14276 · Cited by 12

Target Identification Using Chemical Probes.

Moustakim, M., Felce, S., Zaarour, N., Farnie, G., McCann, F., & Brennan, P. (2018) · Methods in Enzymology · doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2018.09.013 · Cited by 9

The pituitary gland prevents shock-associated death by controlling multiple inflammatory mediators

Sharma, A., Steven, S., & Bosmann, M. (2018) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.101 · Cited by 12

Staging and Personalized Intervention for Infection and Sepsis

Beckmann, N., Salyer, C. E., Crisologo, P. A., Nomellini, V., & Caldwell, C. C. (2020) · Surgical Infections · doi:10.1089/sur.2019.363 · Cited by 11

50 Years of Sepsis Investigation/Enlightenment Among Adults—The Long and Winding Road

Dellinger, R. P., Levy, M. M., Schorr, C., & Townsend, S. R. (2021) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000005203 · Cited by 12

Cell-Derived Nanoparticles are Endogenous Modulators of Sepsis With Therapeutic Potential

Kunz, N., Xia, B. T., Kalies, K., Klinger, M. H. F., Gemoll, T., Habermann, J. K., Whitacre, B. E., Seitz, A. P., Kalies, K., & Caldwell, C. C. (2017) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000000855 · Cited by 12

How could we enhance translation of sepsis immunology to inform immunomodulation trials in sepsis?

Shankar‐Hari, M. (2017) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-017-1715-0 · Cited by 12

Mortality trends for sepsis and septic shock among critically ill adults in Australia and New Zealand

Poole, A. P., Chaba, A., Bellomo, R., Bailey, M., Deane, A. M., Delaney, A. P., Eastwood, G. M., Haines, K. J., Hammond, N. E., Hensman, T., et al. (2025) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-025-08162-y · Cited by 15

The age of animal experiments is waning. Where will science go next?

Kwon, D. (2026) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-026-00563-3 · Cited by 11

The immune landscape of sepsis and using immune clusters for identifying sepsis endotypes

Tang, G., Luo, Y., Song, H., Liu, W., Huang, Y., Wang, X., Zou, S., Sun, Z., Hou, H., & Wang, F. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1287415 · Cited by 11

Sepsis target validation for repurposing and combining complement and immune checkpoint inhibition therapeutics

Rodrigues, P. D. S., Picco, N., Morgan, B. P., & Ghazal, P. (2020) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1080/17460441.2021.1851186 · Cited by 11

Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting the prognosis in cancer patients with sepsis

Yang, Y., Dong, J., Yang, L., Chen, R.-X., Tian, X., Wang, H., & Hao, C. (2022) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.4618 · Cited by 11

Protective effect of endothelial progenitor cell-derived exosomal microRNA-382-3p on sepsis-induced organ damage and immune suppression in mice.

Liu, Y., Luo, T., Li, H., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., & Cheng, M.-L. (2022) · PubMed Central · Cited by 11

Protective effect of hydrangenol on lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia by suppressing intestinal inflammation

Jang, S.-Y., Kim, S., Song, H.-A., Kim, H., Chung, K., Lee, J. K., & Lee, K. (2023) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111083 · Cited by 11

Protective role of thymoquinone in sepsis‑induced liver injury in BALB/c mice

Wang, F., Lei, X., Zhao, Y., Yu, Q., Li, Q., Zhao, H., & Pei, Z. (2019) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2019.7779 · Cited by 11

Multi-Biomarker Prediction Models for Multiple Infection Episodes Following Blunt Trauma

Tsurumi, A., Flaherty, P., Que, Y., Ryan, C. M., Mendoza, A. E., Almpani, M., Bandyopadhaya, A., Ogura, A., Dhole, Y. V., Goodfield, L. F., et al. (2020) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.101659 · Cited by 11

Analysis of Inflammatory Mediator Profiles in Sepsis Patients Reveals That Extracellular Histones Are Strongly Elevated in Nonsurvivors

Eichhorn, T., Linsberger, I., Lauková, L., Tripisciano, C., Fendl, B., Weiss, R., König, F., Valicek, G., Miestinger, G., Hörmann, C., et al. (2021) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2021/8395048 · Cited by 11

A system pharmacology Boolean network model for the TLR4-mediated inflammatory response in early sepsis

Liu, F., Aulin, L. B. S., Kossen, S. S. A., Cathalina, J., Bremmer, M., Foks, A. C., van der Graaf, P. H., Moerland, M., & van Hasselt, J. G. C. (2022) · Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics · doi:10.1007/s10928-022-09828-6 · Cited by 11

Protective Effect of Inflammasome Activation by Hydrogen Peroxide in a Mouse Model of Septic Shock

Huet, O., Pickering, R. J., Tikellis, C., Latouche, C., Long, F., Kingwell, B. A., Dickinson, B. C., Chang, C. J., Masters, S. L., Mackay, F., et al. (2016) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000002070 · Cited by 11

An international observational study validating gene-expression sepsis immune subgroups

Antcliffe, D. B., Peronnet, E., Pène, F., Strålin, K., Brealey, D. A., Blein, S., Cleaver, R., Cronhjort, M., Diehl, J., Voiriot, G., et al. (2025) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-025-05319-5 · Cited by 10

Value of animal sepsis research in navigating the translational labyrinth

Wang, H., Ayala, A., Aziz, M., Billiar, T. R., Deutschman, C. S., Jeyaseelan, S., Tang, D., & Wang, P. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1593342 · Cited by 10

Leveraging Transcriptomics to Disentangle Sepsis Heterogeneity

Wong, H. R., & Marshall, J. C. (2017) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201701-0143ed · Cited by 10

CARDIOMYOCYTE REPROGRAMMING IN ANIMAL MODELS OF SEPTIC SHOCK

Hobai, I. A. (2022) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000002024 · Cited by 10

From static to dynamic: a sepsis-specific dynamic model from clinical criteria in polytrauma patients

Namas, R. A., & Yoram Vodovotz, B. (2016) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm.2016.11.72 · Cited by 10

Leukocyte phosphodiesterase expression after lipopolysaccharide and during sepsis and its relationship with HLA-DR expression

Lelubre, C., Medfai, H., Akl, I., Leentjens, J., Kox, M., Pickkers, P., Rousseau, A., Biston, P., Piagnerelli, M., Vanhaeverbeek, M., et al. (2017) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.5a0516-240r · Cited by 10

MiR-6835 promoted LPS-induced inflammation of HUVECs associated with the interaction between TLR-4 and AdipoR1 in lipid rafts

Liu, J., Li, G., Chen, C., Chen, D., & Zhou, Q. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188604 · Cited by 10

Early-phase Innate Immune Suppression in Murine Severe Sepsis Is Restored with Systemic Interferon-β

Kusakabe, Y., Uchida, K., Yamamura, Y., Hiruma, T., Totsu, T., Tamai, Y., Tsuyuzaki, H., Hasegawa, K., Chang, K., & Yamada, Y. (2018) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0000000000002185 · Cited by 10

Heparin-based blood purification attenuates organ injury in baboons with Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia

Chen, L., Kraft, B. D., Roggli, V. L., Healy, Z. R., Woods, C. W., Tsalik, E. L., Ginsburg, G. S., Murdoch, D. M., Suliman, H. B., Piantadosi, C. A., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.00337.2020 · Cited by 10

Role of HSPGs in Systemic Bacterial Infections

Aquino, R. S., Hayashida, K., Hayashida, A., & Park, P. W. (2021) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-1398-6_46 · Cited by 10

Host-Pathogen Interface: Progress in Understanding the Pathogenesis of Infection Due to Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in the Intensive Care Unit

Ahn, D. S., & Prince, A. S. (2017) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiw405 · Cited by 10

Preserving Vascular Integrity Protects Mice against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infection

Gebremariam, T., Zhang, L., Alkhazraji, S., Gu, Y., Youssef, E. G., Tong, Z., Kish-Trier, E., Bajji, A. C., de Araujo, C. V., Rich, B. E., et al. (2020) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.00303-20 · Cited by 10

Glucocorticoid reduces mortality in LPS-induced sepsis mouse model by inhibiting JAK1/STAT3-mediated inflammatory response and restoring tricarboxylic acid cycle

He, Y., Chen, X., Zhong, J., Lin, C., Situ, J., Liu, B., Yan, Y., Gui, S., Mao, C., & Xing, S. (2025) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2025.123744 · Cited by 9

Immune Dysregulation in Sepsis. A Narrative Review for the Clinicians

Valsamaki, A., Vazgiourakis, V., Mantzarlis, K. D., Manoulakas, E., & Makris, D. A. (2025) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13102386 · Cited by 15

Epigenetics As The Driving Force In Long-Term Immunosuppression

Giménez, J. L. G., & Carbonell, N. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.21767/2472-1158.100017 · Cited by 9

Tracking of GFP-labeled unrestricted somatic stem cells transplanted in the sepsis mouse model

Zarei‐Behjani, Z., Soleimani, M., Atashi, A., Ebrahimi‐Barough, S., Ai, J., & Hamidieh, A. A. (2019) · Tissue and Cell · doi:10.1016/j.tice.2019.07.009 · Cited by 9

Zebrafish larvae as experimental model to expedite the search for new biomarkers and treatments for neonatal sepsis

Keij, F. M., Koch, B. E. V., Vigario, F. L., Simons, S. H. P., van Hasselt, J. G. C., Taal, H. R., Knibbe, C. A. J., Spaink, H. P., Reiss, I. K. M., & Krekels, E. H. J. (2021) · Journal of Clinical and Translational Science · doi:10.1017/cts.2021.803 · Cited by 11

On race, human variation, and who gets and dies of sepsis

Brinkworth, J. F., & Shaw, J. G. (2022) · American Journal of Biological Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.24527 · Cited by 9

Vascular Proteome Responses Precede Organ Dysfunction in a Murine Model of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

Sorrentino, J. T., Golden, G. J., Morris, C., Painter, C. D., Nizet, V., Campos, A. R., Smith, J. W., Karlsson, C. A. Q., Malmström, J. A., Lewis, N. E., et al. (2022) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.00395-22 · Cited by 9

Multimodal nanoparticle‐containing modified suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid polymer conjugates to mitigate immune dysfunction in severe inflammation

Truong, N., Cottingham, A. L., Dharmaraj, S., Shaw, J. R., Lasola, J. J., Goodis, C. C., Fletcher, S., & Pearson, R. M. (2023) · Bioengineering & Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/btm2.10611 · Cited by 9

Characterising Pre-pubertal Resistance to Death from Endotoxemia

Joachim, R. B., Suber, F., & Kobzik, L. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-16743-1 · Cited by 9

New biomarkers for respiratory infections

Póvoa, P. M. S. R., Coelho, L., & Bos, L. D. J. (2020) · Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1097/mcp.0000000000000669 · Cited by 9

Circulating Microvesicle-Associated Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Is a Novel Therapeutic Target to Treat Sepsis: Current Status and Future Considerations

Webber, R. J., Sweet, R. M., & Webber, D. S. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222413371 · Cited by 9

MECHANISMS OF CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION IN SEPSIS

Hobai, I. A. (2022) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000001997 · Cited by 9

Transcriptomic data from two primary cell models stimulating human monocytes suggest inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial function by N. meningitidis which is partially up-regulated by IL-10

Gopinathan, U., Øvstebø, R., Brusletto, B. S., Olstad, O. K., Kierulf, P., Brandtzaeg, P., & Berg, J. P. (2017) · BMC Immunology · doi:10.1186/s12865-017-0229-5 · Cited by 9

Anti-inflammatory activity of small-molecule antagonists of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in mice

Wietzorrek, G., Drexel, M., Trieb, M., & Santos‐Sierra, S. (2018) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2018.11.004 · Cited by 9

RX-207, a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Protein Interaction with Glycosaminoglycans (SMIGs), Reduces Experimentally Induced Inflammation and Increases Survival Rate in Cecal Ligation and Puncture (CLP)-Induced Sepsis

Juhás, Š., Harris, N., Il’ková, G., Rehák, P., Zsila, F., Kogan, F. Y., Lahmy, O., Zhuk, R. A., Gregor, P., & Koppel, J. (2017) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/s10753-017-0688-0 · Cited by 9

Innate Priming of Neutrophils Potentiates Systemic Multiorgan Injury

Zhang, Y., Lin, R., Pradhan, K., Geng, S., & Li, L. (2020) · ImmunoHorizons · doi:10.4049/immunohorizons.2000039 · Cited by 8

SC2sepsis: sepsis single-cell whole gene expression database

Li, Y., Tan, R., Chen, Y., Liu, Z., Chen, E., Pan, T., & Qu, H. (2022) · Database · doi:10.1093/database/baac061 · Cited by 8

A Pilot Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial of Intravenous Vitamin C in Adults with Sepsis in the Intensive Care Unit: The Lessening Organ Dysfunction with Vitamin C-India (LOVIT-India) Trial

Venkataraman, R., Sprague, S., Ramakrishnan, N., Ramachandran, P., Jayakumar, D., Vijayaraghavan, B. K. T., Margabandhu, S., Ramanathan, Y. V., Adhikari, N. K. J., Lamontagne, F., et al. (2023) · Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24587 · Cited by 7

Exploring the biomarkers and potential therapeutic drugs for sepsis via integrated bioinformatic analysis

Liang, P., Wu, Y., Qu, S., Younis, M., Wang, W. J., Wu, Z., & Huang, X. (2024) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-023-08883-9 · Cited by 8

Bacterial heat shock protein: A new crosstalk between T lymphocyte and macrophage via JAK2/STAT1 pathway in bloodstream infection

Yin, S., Peng, Y., Lin, Y., Wu, H., Wang, B., Wang, X., Chen, W., Liu, T., Peng, H., Li, X., et al. (2024) · Microbiological Research · doi:10.1016/j.micres.2024.127626 · Cited by 8

Inflammaging in Multidrug-Resistant Sepsis of Geriatric ICU Patients and Healthcare Challenges

Kumar, N. R., Balraj, T. A., Shivashankar, K. K., Jayaram, T. C., & Prashant, A. (2024) · Geriatrics · doi:10.3390/geriatrics9020045 · Cited by 8

Inflammation and Autonomic Function

Amaro-Leal, Â., Carvalho, M., Rocha, I., & Mota‐Filipe, H. (2018) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.79280 · Cited by 9

Lessening Organ Dysfunction With Vitamin C (LOVIT) Trial: Statistical Analysis Plan

Adhikari, N. K. J., Pinto, R. L., Day, A. G., Masse, M.-H., Ménard, J., Sprague, S., Annane, D., Arabi, Y. M., Battista, M., Cohen, D., et al. (2022) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/36261 · Cited by 10

Modulation of oxidative and nitrosative stress attenuates microvascular hyperpermeability in ovine model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis

Fukuda, S., Niimi, Y., Hirasawa, Y., Manyeza, E. R., Garner, C. E., Southan, G. J., Salzman, A. L., Prough, D. S., & Enkhbaatar, P. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-03320-w · Cited by 10

Sphingosine 1-Phosphate- and C-C Chemokine Receptor 2-Dependent Activation of CD4+ Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in the Bone Marrow Contributes to Signs of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

Smirnov, A., Pohlmann, S., Nehring, M., Ali, S., Mann‐Nüttel, R., Scheu, S., Antoni, A.-C., Hansen, W., Büettner, M., Gardiasch, M. J., et al. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01622 · Cited by 8

The Emperor Has No Clothes? Searching for Dysregulation in Sepsis

Alcock, J. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm7090247 · Cited by 8

MiRNAs and Neutrophil-Related Membrane Proteins from Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Early Prediction of Organ Dysfunction and Prognosis in Septic Patients

Ye, R., Wei, Y., Li, J., Xu, M., Xie, H., Huang, J., Deng, L., & Li, C. (2024) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s492902 · Cited by 7

Melatonin Exerts Positive Effects on Sepsis Through Various Beneficial Mechanisms

Xu, J., Liang, C., Yao, S., & Wang, F. (2025) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s509735 · Cited by 7

The progress of organ protection mechanisms in sepsis

Zhu, Y., Cheng, J., Sun, Z., Lu, J., & Li, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1729499 · Cited by 7

Mortality and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score in Patients With Suspected Sepsis: The Impact of Acute and Preexisting Organ Failures and Infection Likelihood

Christensen, E. E., Prebensen, C., Martinsen, A. B., Stiff, E. T., Hoff, R., Kvale, D., & Holten, A. R. (2023) · Critical Care Explorations · doi:10.1097/cce.0000000000000865 · Cited by 7

A machine-learning approach for prediction of hospital mortality in cancer-related sepsis

He, Y.-R., Liu, Y., Liu, Y., He, H., Liu, W., Huang, D., Gu, Z., & Ju, M. (2023) · Clinical eHealth · doi:10.1016/j.ceh.2023.06.003 · Cited by 7

VISTA nonredundantly regulates proliferation and CD69low γδ T cell accumulation in the intestine in murine sepsis

Gray, C. C., Armstead, B. E., Chung, C., Chen, Y., & Ayala, A. (2023) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1093/jleuko/qiad149 · Cited by 7

Key platelet genes play important roles in predicting the prognosis of sepsis

Shen, L., Tao, C., Zhu, K., Cai, L., Yang, S., Jin, J., Ren, Y., Xiao, Y., Zhang, Y., Lai, D., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-74052-w · Cited by 7

Integrated transcriptomics and lipidomics reveals protective effect in vascular endothelial barrier of a polysaccharide from Typhae Pollen

Gao, M., Zha, Y., Sheng, N., Cao, Y., Yao, W., Bao, B., Shan, M., Cheng, F., Yu, S., Zhang, Y., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136817 · Cited by 7

Transforming sepsis heterogeneity: challenges and progress

Dellinger, R. P., & Bartock, J. L. (2025) · Frontiers in Science · doi:10.3389/fsci.2025.1557323 · Cited by 7

Immunity check should be performed for all patients with septic shock? Yes

Textoris, J. (2020) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-019-05909-2 · Cited by 7

B-type natriuretic peptide is upregulated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase and contributes to septic hypotension

Hoffman, M., Kyriazis, I. D., Dimitriou, A., Mishra, S. K., Koch, W. J., & Drosatos, K. (2020) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.133675 · Cited by 7

Evaluation of the Wnt signaling pathway as a prognostic marker in patients with urosepsis

Shin, J., Yoon, Y., & Oh, D.-J. (2020) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-020-03804-9 · Cited by 7

Cellular and molecular mechanisms of IMMunE dysfunction and Recovery from SEpsis-related critical illness in adults: An observational cohort study (IMMERSE) protocol paper

Fish, M., Arkless, K. L., Jennings, A. R., Wilson, J., Carter, M. J., Arbane, G., Campos, S., Novellas, N. G., Wester, R., Petrov, N., et al. (2020) · Journal of the Intensive Care Society · doi:10.1177/1751143720966286 · Cited by 7

Harnessing the Versatility of Invariant NKT Cells in a Stepwise Approach to Sepsis Immunotherapy

Choi, J., Mele, T. S., Porcelli, S. A., Savage, P. B., & Haeryfar, S. M. M. (2020) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.2000220 · Cited by 7

Blocking P2X7 receptor with AZ 10606120 exacerbates vascular hyperpermeability and inflammation in murine polymicrobial sepsis

Meegan, J. E., Komalavilas, P., Cheung‐Flynn, J., Yim, T. W., Putz, N. D., Jesse, J. J., Smith, K. D., Sidorova, T. N., Lee, H. N. R., Tomasek, T., et al. (2022) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.15290 · Cited by 7

Identification of Molecular Subtypes and a Novel Prognostic Model of Sepsis Based on Ferroptosis-Associated Gene Signature

Yang, H., Cui, Y., Peng, W., Zhu, F., Ma, S., Rao, M., Zhang, P., Chen, J., & Pan, P. (2022) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom12101479 · Cited by 7

Sex-based analysis of treatment responses in animal models of sepsis: a preclinical systematic review protocol

Zhang, M., Fergusson, D. A., Sharma, R., Khoo, C., Mendelson, A. A., McDonald, B., Macala, K. F., Sharma, N., Gill, S. E., Fiest, K. M., et al. (2023) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-023-02189-2 · Cited by 7

Establishing the role of the FES tyrosine kinase in the pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and severity of sepsis and its outcomes

Laight, B. J., Jawa, N. A., Tyryshkin, K., Maslove, D. M., Boyd, J. G., & Greer, P. A. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1145826 · Cited by 7

Aging exacerbates cardiac dysfunction and mortality in sepsis through enhancing TLR2 activity

Zhai, Y., Yao, Q., The, E., Ao, L., Fullerton, D. A., & Meng, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2023.1293866 · Cited by 7

The effect of IκK-16 on lipopolysaccharide-induced impaired monocytes

Galbraith, N. J., Manek, S. E., Walker, S., Bishop, C., Carter, J. V., Cahill, M. N., Gardner, S. A., Polk, H. C., & Galandiuk, S. (2017) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2017.10.045 · Cited by 7

Streptococcal M1 protein induces hyporesponsiveness and cytokine release from human arteries in a fibrinogen-dependent manner: a translational study

Björck, V., Påhlman, L. I., Törnebrant, J., & Bodelsson, M. (2018) · Scandinavian Journal of Trauma Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13049-018-0530-1 · Cited by 7

A nomogram to predict 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis combined coronary artery disease: retrospective study based on the MIMIC-III database

Gu, Q., Huang, P., Yang, Q., Meng, X., & Zhao, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1433809 · Cited by 6

Interaction, diagnosis, and treatment of lung microbiota-NLRP3 inflammasome-target organ axis in sepsis

Fan, Y., Meng, S., Song, Y., Zhang, Y., Song, Y., Chen, Z., & Xie, K. (2025) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114222 · Cited by 6

Extracorporeal Catalytic Hemoperfusion Therapy for Refractory Septic Shock Using Ceria Nanoparticle‐Embedded Porous Microbeads

Im, P., Jeong, H., Kim, D., Song, J., Phan, N. M., Choi, E., Kim, Y., Jeong, S., Park, J., Park, I., et al. (2025) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202415949 · Cited by 6

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors decrease mortality in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Jánosi, Á., Bódy, B., Nagy, R., Ocskay, K., Kói, T., Müller, K. E., Túri, I., Garami, M., Hegyi, P. J., & Párniczky, A. (2025) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-025-05420-9 · Cited by 6

Insights Into a “Negative” ICU Trial Derived From Gene Expression Profiling

Hoekstra, M., Maslove, D. M., Veldhoen, R. A., Marshall, J. C., & Muscedere, J. (2019) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000003693 · Cited by 6

IκK-16 decreases miRNA-155 expression and attenuates the human monocyte inflammatory response

Galbraith, N. J., Burton, J. F., Ekman, M. B., Kenney, J., Walker, S., Manek, S. E., Bishop, C., Carter, J. V., Gardner, S. A., & Polk, H. C. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0183987 · Cited by 6

Effects of Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacteriophages on IRAK3 Knockdown/Knockout THP-1 Monocyte Cell Lines

Schubert, B. D., Ku, H., Kabwe, M., Nguyen, T. H., Irving, H. R., & Tucci, J. (2022) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v14112582 · Cited by 7

Risk Classification and Subphenotyping of Acute Kidney Injury: Concepts and Methodologies

Neyra, J. A., Chen, J., Bagshaw, S. M., & Koyner, J. L. (2022) · Seminars in Nephrology · doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2022.10.011 · Cited by 6

Integrating biology into clinical trial design

van Amstel, R. B. E., van Vught, L. A., & Bos, L. D. J. (2022) · Current Opinion in Critical Care · doi:10.1097/mcc.0000000000001007 · Cited by 6

THE EUROPEAN SHOCK SOCIETY MEETS THE IMMUNOSEP CONSORTIUM FOR PERSONALIZED SEPSIS TREATMENT

Giamarellos‐Bourboulis, E. J., Dimοpoulos, G., Flohé, S. B., Kotsaki, A., van der Poll, T., Skirecki, T., Torres, A., & Netea, M. G. (2022) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000001955 · Cited by 6

Synergistic Aspects to Explain the Pathophysiology of Sepsis and Septic Shock-An Opinion

Koren, E., & Ginsburg (2015) · Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy · doi:10.4172/2332-0877.1000254 · Cited by 6

Should we target TNF receptors in the intestinal epithelium with glucocorticoids during systemic inflammation?

Looveren, K. V., & Libert, C. (2018) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1080/14728222.2018.1539078 · Cited by 6

Sepsis endotypes: The early bird still gets the worm

Varon, J., & Baron, R. M. (2022) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103832 · Cited by 6

The uncovering of ESE-1 in human neutrophils: implication of its role in neutrophil function and survival

Lee, C. M., Gupta, S., Parodo, J. C., Wu, J., Marshall, J. C., & Hu, J. (2015) · Genes and Immunity · doi:10.1038/gene.2015.10 · Cited by 6

Sepsis: neue Erkenntnisse, andere Perspektiven – neue Therapieoptionen?

Schlegel, N., Flemming, S., Meir, M., & Germer, C.-T. (2014) · Der Chirurg · doi:10.1007/s00104-014-2837-4 · Cited by 6

The failure of clinical trials in sepsis: Challenges of clinical trial design

Marshall, J. C. (1999) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-8755-7_20 · Cited by 1

Clinical Trials of Mediator-Targeted Therapy in Sepsis

Marshall, J. C. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-88-470-2284-3_18

Potential Strategies for Inflammatory Mediator Manipulation: Retrospect and Prospect

Fisher, C. J., & Zheng, Y. (1996) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s002689900070 · Cited by 20

Sepsis: the evolution of molecular pathogenesis concepts and clinical management

Feng, Z., Wang, L., Yang, J. L., Li, T., Liao, X., Kang, Y. M., Xiao, F., & Zhang, W. (2025) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.70109 · Cited by 23

Sepsis research: where have we gone wrong?

Marshall, J. C. (2006) · Critical Care and Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/s1441-2772(23)02099-9 · Cited by 7