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Increased default mode network connectivity associated with meditation
Abstract
Areas associated with the default mode network (DMN) are substantially similar to those associated with meditation practice. However, no studies on DMN connectivity during resting states have been conducted on meditation practitioners. It was hypothesized that meditators would show heightened functional connectivity in areas of cortical midline activity. Thirty-five meditation practitioners and 33 healthy controls without meditation experience were included in this study. All subjects received 4.68-min resting state functional scanning runs. The posterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex were chosen as seed regions for the DMN map. Meditation practitioners demonstrated greater functional connectivity within the DMN in the medial prefrontal cortex area (xyz=339-21) than did controls. These results suggest that the long-term practice of meditation may be associated with functional changes in regions related to internalized attention even when meditation is not being practiced.
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“Functional connectivity studies of meditation have indicated increased connectivity between anterior and posterior nodes of the DMN at rest123,124 and during meditation125,126 in experienced meditators with 10,000 h of practice but not following 8 weeks of training,127”
From Awakening is not a metaphor: the effects of Buddhist meditation practices on basic wakefulness (2014) · cites this paper as [126]
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“Stronger FC between DMN and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), one of the key DMN regions, was found after meditation practice (Jang et al., 2011), but the opposite result, of decreased FC within the DMN, has also been reported in several studies (Berkovich-Ohana, Harel, Hahamy, Arieli, & Malach, 2016; Cotier et al.”
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“But some studies have shown increased within-DMN connectivity during meditation especially with mPFC region 72,75 highlighting some discrepancies in the field possibly due to heterogeneity in meditation styles.”
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Mrazek, M. D., Mooneyham, B. W., & Schooler, J. W. (2013) · Studies in neuroscience, consciousness and spirituality · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01634-4_13 · Cited by 20
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“…— a network of neural regions involved in self-referential processing, reflective thoughts, emotional monitoring, and maladaptive rumination (Buckner et al., 2008; Gusnard & Raichle, 2001; Hamilton et al., 2011; Höl-zel et al., 2011; Jang et al., 2011; Raichle et al., 2001; Taylor et al., 2013).”
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“Previous cross-sectional work on older experienced meditators also found these areas of the brain, which are involved in executive function and memory, to have better function than in non-meditators (Chételat et al., 2017; Jang et al., 2011; Shaurya Prakash et al., 2013; Wells et al., 2013).”
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“…attention toward non-self sensory stimuli such as during meditation correlate with a functional shift toward an activation of the extrinsic system (Brewer et al., 2011; Dor-Ziderman et al., 2013; Farb et al., 2007; Gusnard et al., 2001; Jang et al., 2011; Xu et al., 2014; Zeidan et al., 2013).”
Does meditation lead to a stable mind? Synchronous stability and time-varying graphs in meditators
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“…trait-level increases in within-network connectivity of the DMN and FPN and increased between-network connectivity for the DMN, FPN, and the salience network (SLN; e.g. Lutz, et al. 2004, Brewer et al. 2011, Jang et al. 2011, Hasenkamp and Barsalou 2012, Taylor et al. 2013, Bauer et al. 2019).”
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“Additionally, while numerous studies have examined network properties in relation to meditation training (Brewer, et al., 2011; Creswell et al., 2016; Farb, et al., 2013; Farb, et al., 2007; Hasenkamp & Barsalou, 2012; Jang et al., 2011; Jao et al., 2016; Josipovic, Dinstein, Weber, & Heeger, 2011; Pagnoni, 2012; Tang…”
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“The prefrontal areas of the brain are well known to be involved in meditation practices and several studies show this strong relation (Fox et al., 2016; Hernández, Suero, Barros, González-Mora, & Rubia, 2016; Jang et al., 2011; Lazar et al., 2005).”
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“Moreover, it has been shown that the brain connectivity of meditators changes as they meditate [13] as well as in the resting state [14,15].”
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“The negatively-correlated activity of the DMNoften presents as positively correlated activity when the task involves internalized attention (30).”
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“This may significantly increase conscious awareness and focus attentional functions characterized by increased beta and gamma activity, reflecting increased brain synchrony and integration(4-6) and also may influence brain plasticity and morphology.(7,8) In this context, current empirical data suggest a hypothesis tha…”
BackgroundAttention, Consciousness and Mindfulness in Meditation
Raffone, A., Srinivasan, N., & Barendregt, H. P. (2014) · Radboud Repository (Radboud University) · Cited by 9
Catching the wandering mind: Meditation as a window into spontaneous thoughtPreprint
Hasenkamp, W. M. (2017) · doi:10.31231/osf.io/kjyr8 · Cited by 9
“This agrees with other studies suggesting meditation experience is associated with differential default mode activity and connectivity (Farb, Segal, & Anderson, 2013; Garrison et al., 2015; Hasenkamp & Barsalou, 2012; Jang et al., 2011; Mooneyham et al., 2016; Taylor et al., 2013).”
ResultCain, J. A., Brandmeyer, T., Simonian, N., Sanguinetti, J. L., Young, S., Sacchet, M. D., & Reggente, N. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/3bzg6 · Cited by 10
Choi, S., An, S. C., Lee, U. S., Yun, J., Jang, J. H., & Kang, D. (2018) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.2018.16.1.391 · Cited by 10
Self-citationThe Time Varying Networks of the Interoceptive Attention and Rest
Martínez, A. Y., Athena Demertzi, A., Bauer, C. C. C., Gracia-Tabuenca, Z., Alcauter, S., & Barrios, F. A. (2021) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0341-20.2021 · Cited by 8
“MPFC supports selfrelated processing, emotional adaptive responses (Jang et al., 2011; Euston et al., 2012), and its connectivity is associated with conscious awareness (Luo et al., 2017).”
Zhou, Z.-W., Lan, X., Fang, Y., Gong, Y., Zang, Y., Hong, L., & Zhang, H. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02198 · Cited by 9
How Does Meditation Affect the Default Mode Network: A Systematic Review
Zagkas, D. G., Bacopoulou, F., Vlachakis, D., Chrousos, G. P., & Darviri, C. (2023) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-31986-0_22 · Cited by 7
Sidelkivska, V., & Calabuig, P. B. (2023) · Innovation The European Journal of Social Science Research · doi:10.1080/13511610.2023.2231161 · Cited by 7
“…social cognition; meditation; mindfulness exercises, and, hallucinogenic drugs (Baas et al. 2016; Berkovich-Ohana, Glicksohn, and Goldstein 2012; Jang et al. 2011; Jones, Blagrove, and Parrott 2009; Palhano-Fontes et al. 2015; Sweat, Bates, and Hen-dricks 2016; Zabelina, Condon, and Beeman…”
The intersection of violence, brain networks, and mindfulness practices
Morley, R. H., Jantz, P. B., & Fulton, C. L. (2019) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2019.02.007 · Cited by 9
Zhang, Z., Luh, W., Duan, W., Zhou, T. D., Zhao, L., Weinschenk, G., Anderson, A. K., & Dai, W. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11101263 · Cited by 8
Functional activity and connectivity during ideation in professional product design engineers
Campbell, G., Hay, L., Gilbert, S. J., McTeague, C. P., Coyle, D., & Grealy, M. (2024) · Design Studies · doi:10.1016/j.destud.2024.101247 · Cited by 6
“…of future scenarios, as well as internally directed cognitive states such as mind-wandering (Kucyi, Esterman, Riley, & Valera, 2016) and meditation (Jang et al., 2011), and it is argued to underlie more spontaneous, associative cognition during creative cognition (Beaty et al., 2016; Kleinmintz,…”
Liu, P., Liu, N., Jia, G., Li, H., Wang, Y., Liu, L., Niu, H., & Qian, Q. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02178-5 · Cited by 6
“However, in another study, longterm meditation practitioners demonstrated greater functional connectivity within the DMN in the medial prefrontal cortex area than did controls (Jang et al., 2011).”
BackgroundImaging & neuropsychological changes in brain with spiritual practice
Gupta, S. S., Maheshwari, S. M., Shah, U., Bharath, R. D., Dawra, N. S., Mahajan, M., Desai, A., Prajapati, A., & Ghodke, M. (2018) · The Indian Journal of Medical Research · doi:10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_194_17 · Cited by 5
Sustratos psiconeurobiológicos de la meditación y la conciencia plena
Guillén, J. M. B. (2014) · Psiquiatría Biológica · doi:10.1016/j.psiq.2014.05.002 · Cited by 6
Sung, M.-K., Ha, N., Lee, U., & Yang, H.-J. (2020) · Nursing Open · doi:10.1002/nop2.715 · Cited by 3
“…(BWV) meditation group (mixed gender group, mean age: 24 years) and the control group were compared using functional magnetic resonance imaging, greater functional connectivity was observed in the medial prefrontal cortex in the BWV group when compared with the control group (Jang et al., 2011).”
BackgroundMethodLin, C. D., Poretto, A., Scodro, M., Marra, M. P., Iliceto, S., & Tona, F. (2015) · Journal of Integrative Cardiology · doi:10.15761/jic.1000137 · Cited by 5
Addington, E. L., Javandel, S., Gruttola, V. D., Paul, R. H., Milanini, B., Ances, B. M., Moskowitz, J. T., & Valcour, V. (2020) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2020.106150 · Cited by 6
Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Hypnosis and Meditation: A Comparative Perspective
Dumont, L., Martin, C. Z., & Broer, I. (2012) · Cited by 5
Kurek, M., Różycka‐Tran, J., Radoń, S., Kania, A., Orlińska, K., Tùng, T. T., & Suffczyński, P. (2025) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109133 · Cited by 4
Can Meditation Control the Suicidal Thought? - A Spiritual Insight
Karki, T. B., & Khadka, K. (2020) · Nepal Journal of Multidisciplinary Research · doi:10.3126/njmr.v3i2.33023 · Cited by 4
A Paradox of Koan Study and Why Psychology Should Take Note
Didriksen, L. S. (2018) · Human Arenas · doi:10.1007/s42087-018-0036-4 · Cited by 4
Sung, M.-K., Koh, E., Kang, Y., Lee, J., Park, J., Kim, J. Y., Shin, S., Kim, Y. H., Setou, N., Lee, U. S., et al. (2022) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000030930 · Cited by 4
“It is a modernized form of traditional Korean Sundo meditation and has been reported on its effects on mood,[26,29,30] sleep,[23,24] brain structure and activities[25,31,32] as well as inflammatory states,[22,33] blood catecholamine level,[29,30] nitric oxide level,[26] and lipid level.”
BackgroundEffects of hyperoxia on resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging
Wu, Y. W., Tang, C. Y., Ng, J., Wong, E. W., Carpenter, D. M., & Tao, X. (2014) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0000000000000239 · Cited by 4
Rahrig, H., Ma, L., Brown, K. W., Martelli, A. M., West, S. J., Lasko, E. N., & Chester, D. S. (2023) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-023-01136-x · Cited by 3
“Perplexingly, mindfulness also has been associated with increases in DMN intra-network connectivity (Brewer et al., 2011; Fingelkurts et al., 2016; Hasenkamp & Barsalou, 2012; Jang et al., 2011; Kwak et al., 2019).”
BackgroundKim, Y., & Lee, J. (2012) · International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology · doi:10.1002/ima.22012 · Cited by 3
“…the BOLD TS of each of the voxels within the whole brain were calculated in voxel-wise manner and used to obtain spatial patterns (SPs) of intrinsic neuronal activations that were functionally connected with the seed voxel region (Fox et al., 2005; Jang et al., 2011; Marrelec and Fransson, 2011).”
MethodCan Mindfulness Beat Alzheimer's Disease?
Heutz, R. A. M. (2017) · The Maastricht Journal of Liberal Arts · doi:10.26481/mjla.2017.v9.453 · Cited by 3
Evaluating an Instructional Resource Used for Teaching and Learning Meditation: a Pilot Study
Burke, A., & Hassett, S. (2020) · Journal of Cognitive Enhancement · doi:10.1007/s41465-020-00168-2 · Cited by 4
He, H. G., Zhang, X., Pan, P., Chen, Y., & Zhang, X. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02452-0 · Cited by 2
“Golchert et al. (2017) found that individuals who frequently engage in deliberate mind wandering exhibit stronger integration between regions linked to cognitive control and the DMN.”
InfluentialShaw, L., Routray, A., & Moharana, S. (2016) · International Conference on Computing, Analytics and Security Trends · doi:10.1109/cast.2016.7914991 · Cited by 2
“The assimilation or seclusion of brain areas provides numerous physical and mental activities [1].”
BackgroundZen Meditation and Aromatherapy as a Core to Mental Health: Studies in Vietnamese Monasteries
Różycka‐Tran, J., Truong, K. H. T., Bochniarz, K. T., Radoń, S., & Tran, Q. A. (2025) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel16040497 · Cited by 2
“Individuals with meditation experience have also demonstrated better connectivity between different brain regions, which was associated with improved cognitive and emotional processing (Aftanas and Golocheikine 2001; Jang et al. 2011).”
CREATIVE INTELLIGENCE AND ITS APPLICATION TO
Hunter, M. (2012) · Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Jang, J. H., Jung, W. H., Kang, D.-H., Byun, M. S., Kwon, S. J., Choi, C.-H., & Kwon, J. S.
- Affiliations
- Seoul National University (KR)
- National Medical Center (KR)
- Venue
- Neuroscience Letters
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-01
- Volume
- 487
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 358-362
- ISSN
- 0304-3940 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1993454323
- Cited by
- 260
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 9.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (R31-2009-000-10089-0)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
- Keywords
- meditation, default mode network, functional connectivity, resting state, medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, meditation practitioners
- MeSH terms
- Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neural Pathways, Prefrontal Cortex, Meditation, Young Adult
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