From State-to-Trait Meditation: Reconfiguration of Central Executive and Default Mode Networks
Open accessAbstract
While brain default mode network (DMN) activation in human subjects has been associated with mind wandering, meditation practice has been found to suppress it and to increase psychological well-being. In addition to DMN activity reduction, experienced meditators (EMs) during meditation practice show an increased connectivity between the DMN and the central executive network (CEN). However, the gradual change between DMN and CEN configuration from pre-meditation, during meditation, and post-meditation is unknown. Here, we investigated the change in DMN and CEN configuration by means of brain activity and functional connectivity (FC) analyses in EMs across three back-to-back functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans: pre-meditation baseline (trait), meditation (state), and post-meditation (state-to-trait). Pre-meditation baseline group comparison was also performed between EMs and healthy controls (HCs). Meditation trait was characterized by a significant reduction in activity and FC within DMN and increased anticorrelations between DMN and CEN. Conversely, meditation state and meditation state-to-trait periods showed increased activity and FC within the DMN and between DMN and CEN. However, the latter anticorrelations were only present in EMs with limited practice. The interactions between networks during these states by means of positive diametric activity (PDA) of the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFFs) defined as CEN fALFF¯ − DMN fALFF¯revealed no trait differences but significant increases during meditation state that persisted in meditation state-to-trait. The gradual reconfiguration in DMN and CEN suggest a neural mechanism by which the CEN negatively regulates the DMN and is probably responsible for the long-term trait changes seen in meditators and reported psychological well-being.
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Neuroimaging studies revealed reduced default mode network activation and enhanced default mode network-central executive network connectivity in experienced meditators, suggesting the central executive network negatively regulates the default mode network.
“Neuroimaging studies revealed reduced default mode network (DMN) activation and enhanced DMN-central executive network (CEN) connectivity in experienced meditators, suggesting that CEN negatively regulates the DMN (Bauer et al., 2019; Brewer et al., 2011; Garrison et al., 2015).”
From Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for People with Parkinson’s Disease and Their Caregivers: a Pilot Study (2022) · cites this paper as Bauer et al., 2019
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“This finding, we think, is of major importance and points to the evolution of brain activity and connectivity changes as meditation progresses from an intermediate to more advanced stages, and that this change is rather a slow one, with the final sole reduction of DMN activity and connectivity independent of CEN suppr…”
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“Neuroimaging studies revealed reduced default mode network (DMN) activation and enhanced DMN-central executive network (CEN) connectivity in experienced meditators, suggesting that CEN negatively regulates the DMN (Bauer et al., 2019; Brewer et al., 2011; Garrison et al., 2015).”
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- Authors
- Bauer, C. C. C., Whitfield-Gabrieli, S., Díaz, J. L., Pasaye, E. H., & Barrios, F. A.
- Affiliations
- Northeastern University (US)
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (MX)
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bauer, C. C. C.
- Barrios, F. A.
- Venue
- eneuro
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2019-11
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- ENEURO.0335-18.2019
- ISSN
- 2373-2822 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6893234
- OpenAlex
- W2987339752
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 133
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 4.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- eNeuro (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CB167271, 250718 Doctoral fellowship)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
- Keywords
- meditation, default mode network, frontoparietal network, mind wandering, functional connectivity, experienced meditators, fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, anticorrelation, psychological well-being, network reconfiguration
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Nerve Net, Meditation, Functional Neuroimaging, Mindfulness
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