World/self ambivalence: a shared mechanism in different subsets of psychotic experiences? Linking symptoms with resting-state fMRI
Open accessAbstract
The psychosis spectrum comprises heterogeneous disorders characterized by both world-related and self-related symptoms. How these symptoms may arise with similar features in spite of the different aetiologies is yet an unsolved question. In behavior narrative review, we compare three conditions characterized by psychotic experiences (schizophrenia, substance-use disorder and sensory-deprivation) searching for links between their phenomenological features and the mechanisms underlying their onset. Clinically, psychotic experiences are characterized by the reciprocal contamination of world- and self-related contents, termed 'world/self ambivalence'. Neuroimaging evidence suggests that the imbalance between stimuli-, self-, and attention-related functional networks (visual/auditory, default-mode, and salience network respectively) assumes central relevance in all the conditions considered. Phenomenology and neurobiology were thus interrelated in light of the reviewed literature, identifying two key neuronal mechanisms which may lead to world/self ambivalence. First, psychotic experiences are associated with the relative dominance of one network over the other (default-mode over auditory/visual networks, or vice-versa), prompting an excess of internal or external pressure to the experienced ambivalence between world and self. Second, an altered salience network resting-state functional connectivity could generate a dysregulation of the attentive fluctuations from self- to world-related activity, thus blurring the boundary between the environment and oneself, labelled the 'world/self boundary'.
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Psychotic-like states, and thus predictive coding impairments, can also be induced by administering ketamine to healthy individuals.
“Psychotic-like states, and thus predictive coding impairments can also be induced by adminis tering ketamine to healthy individuals (Damiani et al., 2020).”
From Predictive coding in neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic transdiagnostic review. (2025) · cites this paper as Damiani et al., 2020
Section 6.2.2 discusses substance-induced psychotic experiences and associated changes in resting-state connectivity. It names LSD, MDMA, ayahuasca and psilocybin, but does not establish that ketamine induces psychotic-like states in healthy individuals or that it impairs predictive coding. Searches for ketamine and predictive coding found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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Flagged first, then by citations
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Fusar‐Poli, L., Ciancio, A., Gabbiadini, A., Meo, V., Patania, F., Rodolico, A., Saitta, G., Vozza, L., Petralia, A., Signorelli, M. S., et al. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10050291 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
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Self-citationPredictive coding in neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic transdiagnostic review.
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“Psychotic-like states, and thus predictive coding impairments can also be induced by administering ketamine to healthy individuals (Damiani et al., 2020).”
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Identifying the Shared and Dissociable Neural Bases between Self-Worth and Moral Ambivalence
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- Authors
- Damiani, S., Fusar-Poli, L., Brondino, N., Provenzani, U., Baldwin, H., Fusar-Poli, P., & Politi, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Pavia (IT)
- National Health Service (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Damiani, Stefano
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-05
- Volume
- 299
- Pages
- 111068
- ISSN
- 0925-4927 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3011953627
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 0.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- kclpure.kcl.ac.uk
- Licence
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR-INF-0779)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- psychotic experiences, schizophrenia, substance use disorders, sensory deprivation, resting-state functional connectivity, default mode network, salience network, psychosis spectrum
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Attention, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neurons, Product Labeling, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Neuroimaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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