Gender moderates valence effects on the late positive potential to emotional distracters
Open accessAbstract
Attention is captured more strongly by emotional pictures than by neutral pictures. This allocation of attention to emotional pictures is commonly indexed by the late positive potential (LPP). This event-related potential (ERP) is larger for negative and positive pictures than for neutral pictures. However, findings are mixed in regards to valence effects, that is, whether the LPP is larger for negative pictures than for positive pictures (negativity bias) or vice versa (positivity bias). Additionally, previous ERP studies have not explicitly considered a moderating effect of gender. In the present study, positive, negative, and neutral pictures were shown at fixation but were always task-irrelevant. Results showed that LPP amplitudes for the positive and negative distracters were moderated by gender. Men showed a positivity bias on the LPP (i.e., larger amplitudes for positive pictures than for negative pictures). Women did not show a clear valence bias on the LPP, but they showed a negativity bias on picture ratings. These gender differences for the LPP did not habituate, as they were obtained even for pictures that were repeated 20 times. Because previous studies with other measures suggest a positivity bias for men and a negativity bias for women, the present findings extend these studies suggesting that attention allocation for emotional pictures of different valence is similarly moderated by gender.
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Gender was non-significant for all dependent measures except self-reported valence, F(1, 49) = 6.6, p < .013, ηp2 = .119, with women rating unpleasant pictures as more negative than men.
“Gender was also analyzed as a covariate and generated non-significant results for all dependent measures except for self-reported valence, F(1, 49) = 6.6, p < .013, ηp 2 = .119, with women rating unpleasant pictures as more negative than men [48].”
From Self-Reported Trait Mindfulness and Affective Reactivity: A Motivational Approach Using Multiple Psychophysiological Measures (2015) · cites this paper as [48]
The Arousal and valence ratings section reports that women rated negative pictures as more unpleasant than men did. It does not report the quoted F(1, 49) statistic, and the Data analysis section treats gender as a between-subjects variable, not a covariate. The Late positive potential and Arousal and valence ratings sections also report significant gender-by-emotion interactions, contrary to the claim that all other dependent measures were non-significant. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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- Authors
- Syrjänen, E., & Wiens, S.
- Affiliations
- Stockholm University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Wiens, Stefan
- Venue
- Neuroscience Letters
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-09
- Volume
- 551
- Pages
- 89-93
- ISSN
- 0304-3940 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2056417333
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 1.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuroscience Letters (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Keywords
- late positive potential, emotional distracters, valence effects, negativity bias, positivity bias, gender differences, attentional capture, emotional pictures, event-related potentials, habituation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Emotions, Evoked Potentials, Female, Gender Identity, Humans, Male, Photic Stimulation
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