Cited by 577Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsNuclear Receptors and SignalingNeuroblastoma Research and Treatments

Effects of all-trans-retinoic acid on human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma as in vitro model in neurotoxicity research

Cheung, Yuen-Ting, Lau, Way Kwok-Wai, Yu, Man-Shan, Lai, Cora Sau-Wan, Yeung, Sze-Chun, So, Kwok-Fai, Chang, Raymond Chuen-Chung·2009·NeuroToxicology

Abstract

Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y is a dopaminergic neuronal cell line which has been used as an in vitro model for neurotoxicity experiments. Although the neuroblastoma is usually differentiated by all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), both RA-differentiated and undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells have been used in neuroscience research. However, the changes in neuronal properties triggered by RA as well as the subsequent responsiveness to neurotoxins have not been comprehensively studied. Therefore, we aim to re-evaluate the differentiation property of RA on this cell line. We hypothesize that modulation of signaling pathways and neuronal properties during RA-mediated differentiation in SH-SY5Y cells can affect their susceptibility to neurotoxins. The differentiation property of RA was confirmed by showing an extensive outgrowth of neurites, increased expressions of neuronal nuclei, neuron specific enolase, synaptophysin and synaptic associated protein-97, and decreased expression of inhibitor of differentiation-1. While undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells were susceptible to 6-OHDA and MPP+, RA-differentiation conferred SH-SY5Y cells higher tolerance, potentially by up-regulating survival signaling, including Akt pathway as inhibition of Akt removed RA-induced neuroprotection against 6-OHDA. As a result, the real toxicity cannot be revealed in RA-differentiated cells. Therefore, undifferentiated SH-SY5Y is more appropriate for studying neurotoxicity or neuroprotection in experimental Parkinson's disease research.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.neuro.2008.11.001

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  • RA-induced activation of the two MAPK pathways is subsequent to activation of upstream cascades involving Rho-GTPases, PI3K and/or PKB/Akt.

    “Nevertheless, the RA-induced activation of the two MAPK pathways is subsequent to the activation of upstream cascades involving Rho-GTPases ( 114, 115, 117 ), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and/or protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt ( 120, 121, 123 ), suggesting an atypical, nongenomic activation event similar to that described for steroid nuclear receptors ( 124, 125 ).”
  • In neuronal cells, Sertoli cells, and embryonic stem cells, RA instead activates p42/p44 Erk or classical MAPKs.

    “However, in neuronal cells, Sertoli cells, and embryonic stem cells, RA instead activates the p42/p44 extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erk) or classical MAPKs ( 116-122 ).”

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Authors
Cheung, Y.-T., Lau, W. K.-W., Yu, M.-S., Lai, C. S.-W., Yeung, S.-C., So, K.-F., & Chang, R. C.-C.
Affiliations
University of Hong Kong (HK)
Corresponding author
Chang, Raymond Chuen-Chung
Venue
NeuroToxicology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-01
Volume
30
Issue
1
Pages
127-135
ISSN
0161-813X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2089425170
Cited by
576
References
61
Citations by year
2026: 26 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 17
FWCI
6.20
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • NeuroToxicology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neuroblastoma Research and Treatments
Keywords
all-trans retinoic acid, SH-SY5Y cells, neuroblastoma, neuronal differentiation, neurotoxicity, neuroprotection, Parkinson's disease, 6-hydroxydopamine, MPP+, Akt signaling, dopaminergic neurons, neuronal markers
MeSH terms
Cell Differentiation, Cells, Cultured, Humans, Models, Neurological, Neuroblastoma, Neurons, Tretinoin, Signal Transduction, Biomarkers, 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, Oxidopamine, Reactive Oxygen Species, Cell Line, Tumor

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