Cited by 329Reading and Literacy DevelopmentNeurobiology of Language and BilingualismVisual perception and processing mechanisms

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The visual word form area and the frequency with which words are encountered: evidence from a parametric fMRI study

Kronbichler, Martin, Hutzler, Florian, Wimmer, Heinz, Mair, Alois, Staffen, Wolfgang, Ladurner, Gunther·2004·NeuroImage

DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.10.021

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Abstract

Cohen and Dehaene et al. proposed that the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA) in the left midfusiform gyrus, contrary to its name, is limited to the extraction of an abstract letter string and not involved in proper visual word recognition. We examined this prelexical function of the VWFA by a parametric block design with five levels of written word frequency. The lowest level was represented by pseudowords and the highest level by words of very high frequency. Contrary to the assumed prelexical function of the VWFA, increasing frequency was associated with decreasing brain activation in a large posterior cluster of the left hemisphere including middle and posterior fusiform regions. The same negative relation between frequency and activation was found in several left frontal clusters. The relation of increasing frequency and decreasing activation in occipitotemporal regions corresponds to a similar relation in the same brain regions found by studies which experimentally manipulated object or face familiarity. This convergence suggests that fusiform regions are specialized for extracting and storing abstract patterns when processing visual objects and these patterns serve as recognition units in subsequent encounters with the same objects.

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The CELEX Lexical Database (CD-ROM)
Baayen, R. H., Piepenbrock, R., & Gulikers, L. (1996) · Max Planck Digital Library · Cited by 2,276
The visual word form area
Cohen, L., Dehaene, S., Naccache, L., Lehéricy, S., Dehaene-Lambertz, G., Hénaff, M.-A., & Michel, F. (2000) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/123.2.291 · Cited by 1,954
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“This may also explain why consonant strings result in less VWFA activation than words or pseudowords (Cohen et al., 2002): consonant strings may be too deviant from existing visual-orthographic word representations to cause larger activations.”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Generalisability, Random Effects & Population Inference
Holmes, A. P., & Friston, K. J. (1998) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(18)31587-8 · Cited by 886
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Dehaene, S., Le Clec’H, G., Poline, J.-B., Le Bihan, D., & Cohen, L. (2002) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200203040-00015 · Cited by 727 · cited 3×
“McCandliss et al. (2003) justify this hypothesis by findings showing similar VWFA activation by frequently encountered visual words and never-seen pseudowords (e.g., Dehaene et al., 2002) and by high-frequency words and low-frequency words (e.g., Fiebach et al., 2002).”
BackgroundMethodResult
The myth of the visual word form area
Price, C. J., & Devlin, J. T. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00084-3 · Cited by 716

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Authors: Kronbichler, M., Hutzler, F., Wimmer, H., Mair, A., Staffen, W., & Ladurner, G.
Affiliations: University of Salzburg (AT)
Christian Doppler Klinik (AT)
Corresponding author: Kronbichler, Martin
ORCID: Kronbichler, Martin
Hutzler, Florian
Venue: NeuroImage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2004-03
Volume: 21
Issue: 3
Pages: 946-953
ISSN: 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.10.021
OpenAlex: W2076114001
Semantic Scholar: c46b65e29113c9b6d1a8fe555233b34fa594ac99
Cited by: 329
References: 31
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 23
FWCI: 23.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Keywords: visual word form area, word frequency, fusiform gyrus, visual word recognition, prelexical processing, pattern recognition, object familiarity, face familiarity, left hemisphere, occipitotemporal cortex, pseudowords
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Female, Fixation, Ocular, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Reading, Databases, Factual

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The visual word form area and the frequency with which words are encountered: evidence from a parametric fMRI study

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