The visual word form area: a prelexical representation of visual words in the fusiform gyrus
Abstract
Event-related fMRI was used to test the hypothesis that the visual word form area in the left fusiform gyrus holds a modality-specific and prelexical representation of visual words. Subjects were engaged in a repetition-detection task on pairs of words or pronounceable pseudo-words that could be written or spoken. The visual word form area responded only to written stimuli, not to spoken stimuli, independently of their semantic content. We propose that the occasional activation of the fusiform gyrus when listening to spoken words is due to the topdown recruitment of visual orthographic or object representations.
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Brain imaging studies reliably localize a region of visual cortex that is especially responsive to visual words.
“Brain imaging studies reliably localize a region of visual cortex that is especially responsive to visual words.”
From The visual word form area: expertise for reading in the fusiform gyrus (2003) · cites this paper as [11]
This finding is robust enough to identify a significant peak of activation in over 90% of individual subject scans, with a standard deviation of <5 mm.
“This finding is robust enough to identify a significant peak of activation in over 90% of individual subject scans, with a standard deviation of , 5 mm [8-11] (Fig. 1).”
From The visual word form area: expertise for reading in the fusiform gyrus (2003) · cites this paper as [11]
Passive presentation of spoken words elicits no response in the VWFA.
“Passive presentation of spoken words elicits no response in this region [11].”
From The visual word form area: expertise for reading in the fusiform gyrus (2003) · cites this paper as [11]
The VWFA is generally insensitive to factors that influence lexical access, such as contrasts between high- and low-frequency words, or between real and pseudowords.
“TheVWFAisgenerallyinsensitive to factors that influence lexical access, such as contrasts between high- and lowfrequency words [24], or between real and pseudowords, as revealed by event-related fMRI analyses [11,23,25].”
From The visual word form area: expertise for reading in the fusiform gyrus (2003) · cites this paper as [11]
A large number of studies, using various methods, have evidenced a reproducible activation of the left fusiform gyrus during reading.
“A large number of studies, using various methods, have evidenced a reproducible activation of the left fusiform gyrus during reading.”
From Specialization within the ventral stream: the case for the visual word form area (2004) · cites this paper as Dehaene et al., 2002
Activation in the left fusiform gyrus during reading can be identified merely by contrasting word reading relative to rest, either with PET or with fMRI.
“Activation in this region can be identified merely by contrasting word reading relative to rest, either with PET or with fMRI (Beauregard et al., 1997; Brunswick et al., 1999; Dehaene et al., 2002; Fiez et al., 1999; Paulesu et al., 2000; Wagner et al., 1998).”
From Specialization within the ventral stream: the case for the visual word form area (2004) · cites this paper as Dehaene et al., 2002
In every subject, the left posterior fusiform gyrus was activated by visual words but there was no trace of activation by spoken words.
“In agreement with our hypotheses, in every subject, the left posterior fusiform gyrus was activated by visual words but there was no trace of activation by spoken words.”
From Specialization within the ventral stream: the case for the visual word form area (2004) · cites this paper as Dehaene et al., 2002
The VWFA can be identified in single subjects.
“Several fMRI papers have further shown that this area can be identified in single subjects (Cohen et al., 2000, 2002; Dehaene et al., 2002; Gauthier et al., 2000; Puce et al., 1996).”
From Specialization within the ventral stream: the case for the visual word form area (2004) · cites this paper as Dehaene et al., 2002
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- Authors
- Dehaene, S., Le Clec’H, G., Poline, J.-B., Le Bihan, D., & Cohen, L.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- Institut de Biologie et de Chimie des Protéines (FR)
- Venue
- Neuroreport
- Published
- 2002-03
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 321-325
- ISSN
- 0959-4965 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2066530833
- Cited by
- 727
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 75 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 59.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroreport (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- visual word form area, fusiform gyrus, modality-specific processing, visual word recognition, spoken word processing, repetition detection, orthographic representation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cerebral Cortex, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Reaction Time, Reading, Speech Perception
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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