Cited by 188Smoking Behavior and CessationSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesFunctional Brain Connectivity Studies

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Factors underlying prefrontal and insula structural alterations in smokers

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Zhang, Xiaochu, Salmeron, Betty Jo, Ross, Thomas J., Geng, Xiujuan, Yang, Yihong, Stein, Elliot A.·2011·NeuroImage

DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.08.008PMC PMC2962727

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Abstract

Based upon previous reports of alterations in white matter integrity and gray matter density in smokers, we examined these markers in a large, well-matched sample of smokers and non-smokers. We further investigated the effect of heavy cigarette exposure by using pack-years and the effects of two relatively stable, highly heritable traits in smokers (Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND), a measure of severity of nicotine dependence and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), a stable personality trait related to smoking). Forty-eight nicotine-dependent subjects and 48 matched controls were included in the analyses, with smokers also subdivided into high/low dependence and high/low pack-years smokers. White matter integrity (fractional anisotropy (FA)) and gray matter density (voxel-based morphometry (VBM)) were measured and compared across groups. Gray matter density was lower in left prefrontal cortex (PFC) in high pack-years smokers and was inversely related to pack-years. In contrast, left insular cortex gray matter density was higher in smokers and associated with TAS-20 total score and with difficulty-identifying-feelings factor. Further, the most highly dependent smokers showed lower prefrontal FA, which was negatively correlated with FTND. There was no correlation between pack-years and FTND in our smoker population. These data suggest chronic tobacco use is correlated with prefrontal gray matter damage , while differences in insula gray matter and PFC white matter appear to reflect stable and heritable differences between smokers and non-smokers.

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Authors: Zhang, X., Salmeron, B. J., Ross, T. J., Geng, X., Yang, Y., & Stein, E. A.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author: Stein, Elliot A.
ORCID: Zhang, Xiaochu
Salmeron, Betty Jo
Ross, Thomas J.
Geng, Xiujuan
Yang, Yihong
Stein, Elliot A.
Venue: NeuroImage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2011-01
Volume: 54
Issue: 1
Pages: 42-48
ISSN: 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.08.008
PMC: PMC2962727
OpenAlex: W1984123427
Cited by: 188
References: 65
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 8.88
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute on Drug Abuse (Z01DA000470, ZIADA000470)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Keywords: smoking, prefrontal cortex, insula, gray matter density, white matter integrity, fractional anisotropy, nicotine dependence, pack-years, alexithymia, brain structural changes
MeSH terms: Brain Damage, Chronic, Cerebral Cortex, Emotions, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Nerve Degeneration, Smoke, Smoking, Thinking, Prefrontal Cortex

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Factors underlying prefrontal and insula structural alterations in smokers

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