The DOI matches its Crossref record; 78 of the 80 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Grey matter alterations associated with cannabis use: Results of a VBM study in heavy cannabis users and healthy controls
Abstract
Cannabis abuse is related to impairments in a broad range of cognitive functions. However, studies on cannabis abuse in relation to brain structure are sparse and results are inconsistent, probably due to differences in imaging methodology, severity of cannabis abuse, and use of other substances. The goal of the current MRI study was to investigate brain morphology related to current and lifetime severity of cannabis use and dependence in heavy cannabis users without intensive use of other illicit drugs. Voxel-based morphometry was used to assess differences in regional grey and white matter volume between 33 heavy cannabis users and 42 matched controls. Within heavy cannabis users, grey and white matter volume was correlated with measures of cannabis use and dependence. Analyses were focused a priori on the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, striatum, amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebellum, regions implicated in substance dependence and/or with high cannabinoid receptor-1 concentrations. Regional grey matter volume in the anterior cerebellum was larger in heavy cannabis users. Within the group of heavy cannabis users, grey matter volume in the amygdala and hippocampus correlated negatively with the amount of cannabis use or dependence. No associations were found between white matter volume and measures of cannabis use or dependence. These findings indicate that associations between heavy cannabis use and altered brain structure are complex. Differential patterns of structural changes for various cannabis use levels imply that alterations in brain structure are associated with specific characteristics of cannabis use and dependence.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Studies examining the relationship between cannabis abuse and white matter microstructure have yielded conflicting results (Cousijn et al., 2012).”
From Substance abuse and white matter: Findings, limitations, and future of diffusion tensor imaging research (2019) · cites this paper as Cousijn et al., 2012
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032
(1998) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · Cited by 19,139
SAUNDERS, J. B., AASLAND, O. G., BABOR, T. F., DE LA FUENTE, J. R., & GRANT, M. (1993) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x · Cited by 13,597 · cited 6×
“Drug and alcohol use was controlled by excluding participants with an Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) score higher than 10 (Saunders et al., 1993), smoking more than 20 cigarettes a day, a positive urine screen for alcohol, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, opioids or cocaine, or…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire
HEATHERTON, T. F., KOZLOWSKI, L. T., FRECKER, R. C., & FAGERSTROM, K. (1991) · British Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x · Cited by 10,738
A fast diffeomorphic image registration algorithm
Ashburner, J. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007 · Cited by 8,122
Ashburner, J., & Friston, K. J. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.02.018 · Cited by 7,507
The mini international neuropsychiatric interview
Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, D. V., Hergueta, T., & Weiller, E. (1998) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0924-9338(99)80239-9 · Cited by 5,899
Koob, G. F., & Volkow, N. D. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.110 · Cited by 5,340
Tracking neuronal fiber pathways in the living human brain
Conturo, T. E., Lori, N. F., Cull, T. S., Akbudak, E., Snyder, A. Z., Shimony, J. S., McKinstry, R. C., Burton, H., & Raichle, M. E. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.18.10422 · Cited by 1,774
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 80 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines: A Comprehensive Update of Evidence and Recommendations
Fischer, B., Russell, C., Sabioni, P., van den Brink, W., Foll, B. L., Hall, W., Rehm, J. T., & Room, R. (2017) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2017.303818 · Cited by 474
Batalla, A., Bhattacharyya, S., Yücel, M., Fusar‐Poli, P., Crippa, J. A. S., Nogué, S., Torrens, M., Pujol, J., Farré, M., & Martín‐Santos, R. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055821 · Cited by 437
“(2011) [146] found a larger anterior cerebellum in cannabis users.”
BackgroundInfluentialLong-Term Effects of Cannabis on Brain Structure
Battistella, G., Fornari, E., Annoni, J., Chtioui, H., Dao, K., Fabritius, M. M., Favrat, B., Mall, J., Maeder, P. P., & Giroud, C. (2014) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.67 · Cited by 348
“In Cousijn et al (2012), volume reduction in the amygdala and the hippocampus does not differ significantly between regular cannabis users and controls but still correlates with the amount of cannabis used and the severity of cannabis dependence, respectively.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialEffect of long-term cannabis use on axonal fibre connectivity
Zalesky, A., Solowij, N., Yücel, M., Lubman, D. I., Takagi, M., Harding, I. H., Lorenzetti, V., Wang, R., Searle, K., Pantelis, C., et al. (2012) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aws136 · Cited by 340
“, 2002) and have been shown to be associated with brain structural alterations in a range of studies (Matochik et al., 2005; Yücel et al., 2008; Cousijn et al., 2012).”
BackgroundGABAergic mechanisms of hippocampal hyperactivity in schizophrenia
Heckers, S., & Konradi, C. (2015) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.09.041 · Cited by 277
“In particular, the early and heavy use of cannabis alters hippocampal structure (Cousijn et al., 2012).”
BackgroundEffects of Cannabis on the Adolescent Brain
Jacobus, J., & Tapert, S. F. (2014) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/13816128113199990426 · Cited by 263
“The authors also found that anterior cerebellum volume was larger in adolescent heavy cannabis users compared to nonusers [41].”
Long-term effects of marijuana use on the brain
Filbey, F. M., Aslan, S., Calhoun, V. D., Spence, J. S., Damaraju, E., Caprihan, A., & Segall, J. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1415297111 · Cited by 249
“Because THC binds to cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptors in the brain, when differences are observed, these morphological changes associated with marijuana use have been reported in CB1 receptor-enriched areas such as the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, striatum, amygdala, insula, hippocampus, and cerebellum (2, 1…”
BackgroundPositive and Negative Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids on Health
Cohen, K., Weizman, A., & Weinstein, A. (2019) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt.1381 · Cited by 255
Gilman, J. M., Kuster, J. K., Lee, S., Lee, M. J., Kim, B. W., Makris, N., van der Kouwe, A., Blood, A. J., & Breiter, H. C. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4745-13.2014 · Cited by 250
“Such an observation is also consistent with data showing a negative correlation between level of cannabis dependence and amygdala gray matter density (Cousijn et al., 2012).”
ResultThe neuropsychopharmacology of cannabis: A review of human imaging studies
Bloomfield, M., Hindocha, C., Green, S. F., Wall, M. B., Lees, R., Petrilli, K., Costello, H., Ogunbiyi, O., Bossong, M. G., & Freeman, T. P. (2018) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.10.006 · Cited by 247
The Role of cannabinoids in neuroanatomic alterations in cannabis users.
Lorenzetti, V., Solowij, N., & Yücel, M. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.11.013 · Cited by 208
“, amounts of gray or white matter concentration in each voxel) within the amygdala and striatum (41,43,52,58,63), PFC (40–42,49,55,70), parietal cortex (41,49,55), insular cortex (40,41,49), and cerebellum (50,53,56).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe cerebellum and addiction: insights gained from neuroimaging research
Moulton, E. A., Elman, I., Becerra, L. R., Goldstein, R. Z., & Borsook, D. (2013) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12101 · Cited by 212
“…studies (Matochik et al. 2005; Tzilos et al. 2005; Block et al. 2000a; Wilson et al. 2000; Medina, Nagel & Tapert 2010; Solowij et al. 2011; Cousijn et al. 2012), nor across resting state metabolism studies using positron emission tomography (PET) (Block et al. 2000b; Sneider et al. 2008).”
BackgroundCannabis use during adolescent development: Susceptibility to psychiatric illness
Chadwick, B., Miller, M. L., & Hurd, Y. L. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00129 · Cited by 210
Neuropathology of substance use disorders
Cadet, J. L., Bisagno, V., & Milroy, C. M. (2013) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-013-1221-7 · Cited by 217
“Several groups of scientists have investigated the possibility that the drug might cause alterations in tissue volume, morphology, and composition in the brain [36, 118, 128, 182, 210].”
Cannabis-associated psychosis: Neural substrate and clinical impact
Murray, R. M., Englund, A., Abi‐Dargham, A., Lewis, D. A., Forti, M. D., Davies, C., Sherif, M. A., McGuire, P. K., & D’Souza, D. C. (2017) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.06.018 · Cited by 210
Comparing CAT12 and VBM8 for Detecting Brain Morphological Abnormalities in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Farokhian, F., Beheshti, I., Sone, D., & Matsuda, H. (2017) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00428 · Cited by 158
Lisdahl, K. M., Wright, N. E., Medina-Kirchner, C., Maple, K. E., & Shollenbarger, S. (2014) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-014-0019-6 · Cited by 160
Neural responses associated with cue‐reactivity in frequent cannabis users
Cousijn, J., Goudriaan, A. E., Ridderinkhof, K. R., van den Brink, W., Veltman, D. J., & Wiers, R. W. H. J. (2012) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00417.x · Cited by 160
Self-citationDon't Worry, Be Happy: Endocannabinoids and Cannabis at the Intersection of Stress and Reward
Volkow, N. D., Hampson, A. J., & Baler, R. (2016) · The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010716-104615 · Cited by 159
Burggren, A. C., Shirazi, A., Ginder, N., & London, E. D. (2019) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1080/00952990.2019.1634086 · Cited by 144
Marroun, H. E., Tiemeier, H. W., Franken, I. H. A., Jaddoe, V. W. V., van der Lugt, A., Verhulst, F. C., Lahey, B. B., & White, T. J. H. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.08.024 · Cited by 152
Daily Marijuana Use Is Not Associated with Brain Morphometric Measures in Adolescents or Adults
Weiland, B. J., Thayer, R. E., Depue, B. E., Sabbineni, A., Bryan, A. D., & Hutchison, K. E. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2946-14.2015 · Cited by 141
Voineskos, A. N., Mulsant, B. H., Dickie, E. W., Neufeld, N. H., Rothschild, A. J., Whyte, E. M., Meyers, B. S., Alexopoulos, G. S., Hoptman, M. J., Lerch, J. P., et al. (2020) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.0036 · Cited by 137
Cohen, K., & Weinstein, A. M. (2018) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci8030040 · Cited by 136
“In addition, these alterations correlated with the amount of cannabis use and dependence [125].”
BackgroundFeature-ranking-based Alzheimer’s disease classification from structural MRI
Beheshti, I., & Demirel, H. (2015) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2015.11.009 · Cited by 129
“, prefrontal areas) and provide explorative analysis of structural differences [48–50].”
BackgroundSchacht, J. P., Hutchison, K. E., & Filbey, F. M. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2012.92 · Cited by 126
Cousijn, J., Wiers, R. W., Ridderinkhof, K. R., van den Brink, W., Veltman, D. J., & Goudriaan, A. E. (2014) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22342 · Cited by 125
Self-citationLorenzetti, V., Chye, Y., Silva, P., Solowij, N., & Roberts, C. A. (2019) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-019-00979-1 · Cited by 125
Mechanisms Underlying Sex Differences in Cannabis Use
Calakos, K. C., Bhatt, S., Foster, D. W., & Cosgrove, K. (2017) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-017-0174-7 · Cited by 133
Miquel, M., Vazquez-Sanroman, D. B., Carbo‐Gas, M., Gil‐Miravet, I., Sanchis‐Segura, C., Carulli, D., Manzo, J., & Coria‐Ávila, G. A. (2015) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.11.005 · Cited by 116
Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis: A Comprehensive Review of Current and Future Applications
Leinen, Z. J., Mohan, R., Premadasa, L. S., Acharya, A., Mohan, M., & Byrareddy, S. N. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11102630 · Cited by 114
“…brain regions [33,34,75–77]. and internalizing problems However, most studies found that cannabis use decreased the volume In these studies, the most significant reduction in brain volume was detected in the orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and amygdala. of brain regions [33,34,75–77].”
BackgroundJacobus, J., Squeglia, L. M., Bava, S., & Tapert, S. F. (2013) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.07.014 · Cited by 116
Nader, D. A., & Sanchez, Z. M. (2017) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1080/00952990.2017.1306746 · Cited by 119
“Few studies assessed specific personality features (20,42,43,62,66), affect or mood states (19,49,51,56,63), anxiety (19,42,51,52,60,63,67), or depressive symptoms (19,22,29,30,40,48,51,52,60,61), all of which may have affected the results.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialWinward, J. L., Hanson, K. L., Tapert, S. F., & Brown, S. A. (2014) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617714000666 · Cited by 111
“Prior observations in marijuana-using teens of abnormal cerebellar volumes and disrupted white matter integrity in both frontal and hippocampal regions may partly explain these differences in sustained attention, psychomotor speed, and verbal memory among marijuana-using youth (Ashtari et al., 2011; Churchwell, Lopez-…”
BackgroundRocchetti, M., Crescini, A., Borgwardt, S., Caverzasi, E., Politi, P., Atakan, Z., & Fusar‐Poli, P. (2013) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12085 · Cited by 109
“In particular, some of the included samples presented a significant history of alcohol abuse(30,36,29) or nicotine dependence.(30,29) Moreover, although we carefully excluded the presence of comorbid psychotic diagnoses, some samples were presenting other psychiatric problems, either diagnosed or self-reported.”
BackgroundCannabis and alcohol use, and the developing brain
Meruelo, A. D., Castro, N., Cota, C. I., & Tapert, S. F. (2017) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.02.025 · Cited by 113
Grey Matter Volume Differences Associated with Extremely Low Levels of Cannabis Use in Adolescence
Orr, C., Spechler, P. A., Cao, Z., Albaugh, M. D., Chaarani, B., Mackey, S., D’Souza, D. C., Allgaier, N. A., Banaschewski, T., Bokde, A. L. W., et al. (2019) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3375-17.2018 · Cited by 108
“The human evidence, however, has been variable reporting both increases and decreases in brain volumes (Ashtari et al., 2011; Cousijn et al., 2012; Gilman et al., 2014), no volume differences (Jager et al.”
BackgroundDeconstructing the neurobiology of cannabis use disorder
Ferland, J. N., & Hurd, Y. L. (2020) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-020-0611-0 · Cited by 104
Jacobus, J., Squeglia, L. M., Meruelo, A. D., Castro, N., Brumback, T., Giedd, J. N., & Tapert, S. F. (2015) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.04.006 · Cited by 104
“…al., 2011; Demirakca et al., 2011; Schacht et al., 2012) and others have identified macrostructural volume increases in CB1-dense brain regions such as neocortex, amygdala, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum (Cousijn et al., 2012; Gilman et al., 2014; McQueeny et al., 2011; Medina et al., 2010).”
BackgroundBehan, B., Connolly, C. G., Datwani, S., Doucet, M. V., Ivanović, J., Morioka, R., Stone, A., Watts, R., Smyth, B. P., & Garavan, H. (2013) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.05.027 · Cited by 108
Hampton, W. H., Hanik, I. M., & Olson, I. R. (2019) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.02.005 · Cited by 95
“Studies examining the relationship between cannabis abuse and white matter microstructure have yielded conflicting results (Cousijn et al., 2012).”
ResultLorenzetti, V., Solowij, N., Fornito, A., Lubman, D. I., & Yücel, M. (2014) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/13816128113199990435 · Cited by 99
“sporadically [13, 14, 17, 24-26, 28-31]; iii) on <50 lifetime occasions with no use during the past 12 months [34]; iv) if they abused or were dependent on cannabis [20].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEffects of Cannabis on Impulsivity: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Findings
Wrege, J. S., Schmidt, A., Walter, A., Smieskova, R., Bendfeldt, K., Radue, E. W., Lang, U. E., & Borgwardt, S. (2014) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/13816128113199990428 · Cited by 97
“Some reports have described reduced grey matter in limbic areas [92, 93] and abnormal gyrification [94].”
Cousijn, J., Wiers, R. W. H. J., Ridderinkhof, K. R., van den Brink, W., Veltman, D. J., Porrino, L. J., & Goudriaan, A. E. (2012) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00498.x · Cited by 93
Self-citationNeuroimaging studies of acute effects of THC and CBD in humans and animals: a systematic review
Batalla, A., Crippa, J. A., Busatto, G. F., Guimaraes, F. S., Zuardi, A. W., Valverde, O., Atakan, Z., McGuire, P. K., Bhattacharyya, S., & Martín-Santos, R. (2014) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/13816128113199990432 · Cited by 91
Cousijn, J., Goudriaan, A. E., Ridderinkhof, K. R., van den Brink, W., Veltman, D. J., & Wiers, R. W. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042394 · Cited by 85
“The present study was part of a prospective fMRI study investigating the role of different neurocognitive and neuroimaging factors in the course of drug use in heavy cannabis users [7,29,30].”
BackgroundSelf-citationResidual effects of cannabis use in adolescent and adult brains — A meta-analysis of fMRI studies
Blest‐Hopley, G., Giampietro, V., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.008 · Cited by 93
Beheshti, I., & Demirel, H. (2015) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2015.07.006 · Cited by 89
Cannabis: A Treasure Trove or Pandora's Box?
Solymosi, K., & Köfalvi, A. (2016) · Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/1389557516666161004162133 · Cited by 93
Cannabis dependence, cognitive control and attentional bias for cannabis words
Cousijn, J., Watson, P., Koenders, L., Vingerhoets, W. A. M., Goudriaan, A. E., & Wiers, R. W. H. J. (2013) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.08.011 · Cited by 90
Self-citationBhattacharjee, S., Kashyap, R., Goodwill, A. M., O'Brien, B. A., Rapp, B., Oishi, K., Desmond, J. E., & Chen, S. H. A. (2022) · Brain Stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2021.11.018 · Cited by 80
“This step ensures that the tissue volumes get corrected for individual differences in brain size [76].”
Structural MRI-based detection of Alzheimer's disease using feature ranking and classification error
Beheshti, I., Demirel, H., Farokhian, F., Yang, C., & Matsuda, H. (2016) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2016.09.019 · Cited by 80
Grey Matter Changes Associated with Heavy Cannabis Use: A Longitudinal sMRI Study
Koenders, L., Cousijn, J., Vingerhoets, W. A. M., van den Brink, W., Wiers, R. W. H. J., Meijer, C. J., Machielsen, M. W. J., Veltman, D. J., Goudriaan, A. E., & de Haan, L. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0152482 · Cited by 83
“Our previously reported cross-sectional finding of a cluster with larger grey matter volume in the CB group compared to the HC group in the cerebellum [17] is still significant in the present sample at baseline (cluster size = 393, pFWE = .”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationShared Predisposition in the Association Between Cannabis Use and Subcortical Brain Structure
Pagliaccio, D., Barch, D. M., Bogdan, R., Wood, P. K., Lynskey, M. T., Heath, A. C., & Agrawal, A. (2015) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.1054 · Cited by 77
Longitudinal changes in white matter microstructure after heavy cannabis use
Becker, M. P., Collins, P. F., Lim, K. O., Muetzel, R. L., & Luciana, M. M. (2015) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.10.004 · Cited by 82
Yanes, J. A., Riedel, M. C., Ray, K. L., Kirkland, A. E., Bird, R. T., Boeving, E. R., Reid, M. A., González, R., Robinson, J. L., Laird, A. R., et al. (2018) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881117744995 · Cited by 81
“…2012; van Holst et al., 2014), cocaine (Jia et al., 2011), amphetamines (O’Daly et al., 2014), nicotine (Addicott et al., 2012), and cannabis (Abdullaeva et al., 2010; Acheson et al., 2015; Cousijn et al., 2012a; Enzi et al., 2015; Hester et al., 2009; Nestor et al., 2010; van Hell et al., 2010).”
Cannabis use, cognition and brain structure in first-episode psychosis
Cunha, P. J., Rosa, P. G. P., Ayres, A. M., Duran, F., Santos, L. C., Scazufca, M., Menezes, P. R., dos Santos, B., Murray, R. M., Crippa, J. A. S., et al. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.04.009 · Cited by 75
“However, studies about Cannabis effects on human brain structure have provided heterogeneous and inconclusive data (Block et al., 2000;Matochik et al., 2005; Tzilos et al., 2005; Jager et al., 2007; Szeszko et al., 2007; Yücel et al., 2008;Wobrock et al., 2009; Lorenzetti et al., 2010; Martín-Santos et al., 2010; Cous…”
The Impact of Combinations of Alcohol, Nicotine, and Cannabis on Dynamic Brain Connectivity
Vergara, V. M., Weiland, B. J., Hutchison, K. E., & Calhoun, V. D. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.280 · Cited by 72
“Structural studies found a series of axonal impairment in the hippocampus (fornix), splenium, commissural fibers (Zalesky et al, 2012), and morphological changes in the amygdala (Cousijn et al, 2012), cerebellum (Cousijn et al, 2012; Medina et al, 2010), and prefrontal cortex (Medina et al, 2009).”
BackgroundThe cerebellum and neuropsychiatric disorders
Villanueva, R. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.02.023 · Cited by 77
“Discrepancies have been be explained by differences in imaging methodology and by differences in the severity of cannabis abuse or by the use of other substances in combinationwith the cannabis (see, Cousijn et al., 2012).”
BackgroundRubinow, M. J., Mahajan, G., May, W., Overholser, J. C., Jurjus, G., Dieter, L., Herbst, N. P., Steffens, D. C., Miguel-Hidalgo, J. J., Rajkowska, G., et al. (2014) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-014-0900-z · Cited by 76
“Two MDD subjects met DSM-IV criteria for cannabis dependence; there are conflicting reports on whether heavy cannabis use affects amygdala morphology (Ashtari et al. 2011; Cousijn et al. 2012).”
BackgroundJacobus, J., Squeglia, L. M., Sorg, S. F., Nguyen‐Louie, T. T., & Tapert, S. F. (2014) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2014.75.729 · Cited by 73
Voineskos, A. N., Hawco, C. S., Neufeld, N. H., Turner, J. A., Ameis, S. H., Anticevic, A., Buchanan, R. W., Cadenhead, K. S., Dazzan, P., Dickie, E. W., et al. (2024) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.21159 · Cited by 81
“Many patients use substances and are often excluded from research, because these substances may act on the same systems as the illness itself 441,442 .”
BackgroundCannabis, Cigarettes, and Their Co-Occurring Use: Disentangling Differences in Gray Matter Volume
Wetherill, R. R., Jagannathan, K., Hager, N., Childress, A. R., Rao, H., & Franklin, T. R. (2015) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyv061 · Cited by 69
“Unlike two previous studies among cannabis-using adult (Cousijn et al., 2012) and adolescent populations (Medina et al.”
Combined effects of marijuana and nicotine on memory performance and hippocampal volume
Filbey, F. M., McQueeny, T. M., Kadamangudi, S., Bice, C., & Ketcherside, A. (2015) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.07.029 · Cited by 70
Filbey, F. M., McQueeny, T. M., DeWitt, S. J., & Mishra, V. R. (2015) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.10.001 · Cited by 69
White Matter Integrity Pre- and Post Marijuana and Alcohol Initiation in Adolescence
Jacobus, J., Squeglia, L. M., Infante, M., Bava, S., & Tapert, S. F. (2013) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci3010396 · Cited by 70
“Other laboratories report dose-dependent relationships with temporal lobe structures such as hippocampus and amygdala [47] and alterations in cortical thickness [27] in frontal and parietal regions.”
BackgroundThe neurobiology of addiction: the perspective from magnetic resonance imaging present and future
Suckling, J., & Nestor, L. J. (2016) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13474 · Cited by 72
“White matter differences have been difficult to observe with whole-brain VBM in heavy cannabis users [22] and cocaine addiction addicts [23].”
BackgroundLichenstein, S. D., Manco, N., Cope, L. M., Egbo, L., Garrison, K. A., Hardee, J., Hillmer, A. T., Reeder, K., Stern, E. F., Worhunsky, P., et al. (2022) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-021-01226-9 · Cited by 63
Effect of high-potency cannabis on corpus callosum microstructure
Rigucci, S., Marques, T. R., Forti, M. D., Taylor, H., Dell’Acqua, F., Mondelli, V., Bonaccorso, S., Simmons, A., David, A. S., Girardi, P., et al. (2015) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291715002342 · Cited by 59
“However, other studies that have used self-report measures have also shown an association with brain structural alterations (Yücel et al. 2008; Cousijn et al. 2012).”
ResultGrodin, E. N., Lin, H., Durkee, C. A., Hommer, D. W., & Momenan, R. (2013) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2013.03.013 · Cited by 59
“, 2002), heavy cannabis users (Cousijn et al., 2012), methamphetamine abusers (Schwartz et al.”
BackgroundCheng, H., Skosnik, P. D., Pruce, B., Brumbaugh, M., Vollmer, J. M., Fridberg, D. J., O’Donnell, B. F., Hetrick, W. P., & Newman, S. D. (2014) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881114550354 · Cited by 56
“For example, it has been shown that heavy cannabis use is able to induce changes in brain structures such as the hippocampus, precentral gyrus, fusiform gyrus and cerebellum (Cousijn et al., 2012; Matochik et al., 2005; Yücel et al., 2008), and alter brain functions in various regions such as the medial and dorsal par…”
BackgroundRoberts, B. (2019) · Western Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.5811/westjem.2019.4.39935 · Cited by 60
Preliminary in vivo evidence of lower hippocampal synaptic density in cannabis use disorder
D’Souza, D. C., Radhakrishnan, R., Naganawa, M., Ganesh, S., Nabulsi, N., Najafzadeh, S., Ropchan, J., Ranganathan, M., Cortes-Briones, J., Huang, Y., et al. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-020-00891-4 · Cited by 55
Neuroimaging of the dopamine/reward system in adolescent drug use
Ernst, M., & Luciana, M. M. (2015) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852915000395 · Cited by 59
Jan, R. K., Lin, J. C., Miles, S. W., Kydd, R. R., & Russell, B. (2012) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci2040553 · Cited by 57
“For example, the cannabis users in this study were also nicotine dependent and scored significantly higher than the control group for depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms [61].”
BackgroundResultTustison, N. J., Holbrook, A. J., Avants, B., Roberts, J. M., Cook, P. A., Reagh, Z. M., Duda, J., Stone, J. R., Gillen, D. L., Yassa, M. A., et al. (2019) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-190283 · Cited by 76
“This preprocessing step has been used in a variety of imaging studies for enhancing segmentation-based protocols including hippocampal and ventricle segmentation [54], voxel-based morphometry in cannabis users [55], and anterior temporal lobe GM volume in bilingual adults [56].”
Blest‐Hopley, G., Giampietro, V., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.026 · Cited by 56
“, 2013), in particular decreased volume in the hippocampus (Chye et al., 2018; Cousijn et al., 2012; Matochik et al., 2005), that persisted after a prolonged abstinence in some (Ashtari et al.”
Marijuana effects on changes in brain structure and cognitive function among HIV+ and HIV− adults
Thames, A. D., Kuhn, T. P., Williamson, T. J., Jones, J. D., Mahmood, Z., & Hammond, A. (2016) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.11.007 · Cited by 52
Cortical thinness and volume differences associated with marijuana abuse in emerging adults
Mashhoon, Y., Sava, S., Sneider, J. T., Nickerson, L. D. H., & Silveri, M. M. (2015) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.06.016 · Cited by 50
“, 1991), also were selected for volumetric analysis based on evidence that MJ users exhibit functional and neurochemical alterations in these regions related to marijuana use (Ashtari et al., 2011; Bolla et al., 2005; Cousijn et al., 2012; Demirakca et al., 2011; Gilman et al., 2014; Glass et al., 1997; Hester et al.,…”
Lisdahl, K. M., Tamm, L., Epstein, J. N., Jernigan, T. L., Molina, B. S. G., Hinshaw, S. P., Swanson, J. M., Newman, E. R., Kelly, C. A. M., Bjork, J. M., et al. (2016) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.032 · Cited by 55
“…2011; orenzetti et al., 2015; Mata et al., 2010; McQueeny et al., 2011; edina et al., 2009, 2010, 2007b; Schacht et al., 2012; Yücel et al., 008; Cousijn et al., 2012; Price et al., 2015), with the most promi- Please cite this article in press as: Lisdahl, K.M., et al., The i of regular…”
BackgroundRando, K., Chaplin, T. M., Potenza, M. N., Mayes, L. C., & Sinha, R. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.04.030 · Cited by 49
“consistent with reports that marijuana use by adolescents was associated with larger cerebellar volume (72;73), and suggest that PCE and adolescent substance use may have distinct effects on GMV.”
Brain structural changes in cannabis dependence: association with MAGL
Manza, P., Yuan, K., Kojori, E. S., Tomasi, D. G., & Volkow, N. D. (2019) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0577-z · Cited by 51
Navarri, X., Afzali, M. H., Lavoie, J., Sinha, R., Stein, D. J., Momenan, R., Veltman, D. J., Korucuoglu, O., Sjoerds, Z., van Holst, R. J., et al. (2020) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.25114 · Cited by 50
“Other studies reported cannabis use and misuse associated with bilateral volumetric reductions in the hippocampus (Ashtari et al., 2011; Matochik et al., 2005; Yücel et al., 2008) and amygdala (Cousijn et al., 2012; Yücel et al., 2008).”
Self-citationKaag, A. M., Schulte, M. H. J., Jansen, J. M., van Wingen, G. A., Homberg, J. R., van den Brink, W., Wiers, R. W. H. J., Schmaal, L., Goudriaan, A. E., & Reneman, L. (2018) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.03.010 · Cited by 48
“While, the current finding does replicate some other negative studies (Cousijn et al., 2012; Haller et al., 2013), we may have had too little statistical power to demonstrate a significant relation between cannabis use and cortical GM volume (as only 6% of the current sample actually smoked cannabis).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationCerebellar alterations in cannabis users: A systematic review
Blithikioti, C., Miquel, L., Batalla, A., Ballester, B. R., Maffei, G., Herreros, I., Gual, A., Verschure, P. F. M. J., & Balcells‐Oliveró, M. (2019) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12714 · Cited by 47
“Structural cerebellar differences due to chronic cannabis use 50,53 were found in five of the studies included in this review, with increases in cerebellar GM volume being the most consistent finding.(15,48,50) A possible explanation for this GM increase is that cannabis use might disrupt cerebellar gray matter prunin…”
BackgroundAbboussi, O., Tazi, A., Païzanis, E., & Ganouni, S. E. (2014) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2014.02.014 · Cited by 47
Chye, Y., Solowij, N., Suo, C., Batalla, A., Cousijn, J., Goudriaan, A. E., Martín‐Santos, R., Whittle, S., Lorenzetti, V., & Yücel, M. (2017) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4606-9 · Cited by 47
“The caudate volume was not affected by either CB use or dependence, in line with previous studies on CB use (Cousijn et al. 2012; Gilman et al. 2014).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationADHD and cannabis use in young adults examined using fMRI of a Go/NoGo task
MTA Neuroimaging Group, Rasmussen, J. M., Casey, B. J., van Erp, T. G. M., Tamm, L., Epstein, J. N., Buß, C., Bjork, J. M., Molina, B. S. G., Velanova, K., et al. (2015) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-015-9438-9 · Cited by 45
“2011), and cerebellar vermis (Cousijn et al. 2012) has been”
Alteration to hippocampal volume and shape confined to cannabis dependence: a multi‐site study
Chye, Y., Lorenzetti, V., Suo, C., Batalla, A., Cousijn, J., Goudriaan, A. E., Jenkinson, M., Martín‐Santos, R., Whittle, S., Yücel, M., et al. (2018) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12652 · Cited by 48
“This contrasts previous reports of a dose-dependent association between hippocampal volume and cannabis dosage (Yücel et al. 2008; Ashtari et al. 2011; Cousijn et al. 2012).”
ResultSelf-citationTelling true from false: cannabis users show increased susceptibility to false memories
Riba, J., Valle, M., Sampedro, F., Rodríguez‐Pujadas, A., Martínez‐Horta, S., Kulisevsky, J., & Rodríguez‐Fornells, A. (2015) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2015.36 · Cited by 42
Altered cortical maturation in adolescent cannabis users with and without schizophrenia
Epstein, K. A., & Kumra, S. (2015) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.11.029 · Cited by 42
“Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Schizophrenia Research j ourna l homepage: www.e lsev ie r .com/ locate /schres (Cousijn et al., 2012; Squeglia et al., 2009) and atypical development (Jarvis et al., 2008).”
MethodLongitudinal study of hippocampal volumes in heavy cannabis users
Koenders, L., Lorenzetti, V., de Haan, L., Suo, C., Vingerhoets, W. A. M., van den Brink, W., Wiers, R. W. H. J., Meijer, C. J., Machielsen, M. W. J., Goudriaan, A. E., et al. (2017) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881117718380 · Cited by 44
“Importantly, in line with the present study, many other cross sectional studies found no evidence for smaller hippocampal volumes in cannabis users (Ashtari et al., 2011; Block et al., 2000; Cousijn et al., 2012; Demirakca et al., 2011; Gilman et al., 2014; Lorenzetti et al., 2015; Matochik et al., 2005; Medina et al.…”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationThe effects of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) on brain structure and function
Livny, A., Cohen, K., Tik, N., Tsarfaty, G., Rosca, P., & Weinstein, A. M. (2018) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.07.095 · Cited by 43
Cannabis users exhibit increased cortical activation during resting state compared to non-users
Prashad, S., Dedrick, E. S., & Filbey, F. M. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.06.031 · Cited by 44
“, 2008), but increased volume in the cerebellum (Cousijn et al., 2012), as well as changes in white matter integrity (Arnone et al.”
BackgroundCannabis use in youth is associated with limited alterations in brain structure
Scott, J. C., Rosen, A. F. G., Moore, T. M., Roalf, D. R., Satterthwaite, T. D., Calkins, M. E., Ruparel, K., Gur, R. E., & Gur, R. C. (2019) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-019-0347-2 · Cited by 44
“While three studies found larger volumes of cerebellar structures in adolescent frequent cannabis users [13, 21, 22], three report equivocal findings or decreases in cerebellar volumes [17, 23, 24].”
BackgroundResultPros and Cons of Medical Cannabis use by People with Chronic Brain Disorders
Suryadevara, U., Bruijnzeel, D. M., Nuthi, M., Jagnarine, D. A., Tandon, R., & Bruijnzeel, A. W. (2017) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x14666161101095325 · Cited by 43
“Cannabis use-induced decreases in brain volume have been reported for the orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and amygdala [69, 73-76].”
BackgroundThalamic and Cerebellar Gray Matter Volume Reduction in Synthetic Cannabinoids Users
Nurmedov, S., Metin, B., Ekmen, Ş., Noyan, C. O., Yılmaz, O., Darçın, A. E., & Dılbaz, N. (2015) · European Addiction Research · doi:10.1159/000430437 · Cited by 40
Pre- and perinatal hypoxia associated with hippocampus/amygdala volume in bipolar disorder
Haukvik, U. K., McNeil, T. F., Lange, E. H., Melle, I. S., Dale, A. M., Andreassen, O. A., & Agartz, I. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713001529 · Cited by 39
“On the other hand, hippocampal volume may be reduced in alcohol dependence (Agartz et al. 1999; De Bellis et al. 2000) and heavy cannabis use (Cousijn et al. 2012), as well as in several mental disorders including schizophrenia (Adriano et al. 2012; Shepherd et al. 2012), unipolar depression…”
Suárez‐Pinilla, P., Roiz‐Santiáñez, R., de la Foz, V. O., Guest, P. C., Ayesa‐Arriola, R., Córdova‐Palomera, A., Tordesillas‐Gutiérrez, D., & Crespo‐Facorro, B. (2015) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.05.005 · Cited by 37
Batalla, A., Soriano‐Mas, C., López‐Solà, M., Torrens, M., Crippa, J. A., Bhattacharyya, S., Blanco‐Hinojo, L., Fagundo, A. B., Harrison, B. J., Nogué, S., et al. (2013) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12027 · Cited by 37
“…et al. 2005; Yücel et al. 2008) have demonstrated reductions in medial temporal brain regions, while samples with a relatively lower quantity of smoked cannabis, more similar to our sample, have exhibited no morphological changes (Wilson et al. 2000; Lorenzetti et al. 2010; Cousijn et al. 2012).”
BackgroundResult
Metadata
- Authors
- Cousijn, J., Wiers, R. W., Ridderinkhof, K. R., van den Brink, W., Veltman, D. J., & Goudriaan, A. E.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Cousijn, Janna
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-02
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 3845-3851
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2064378998
- Cited by
- 287
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 11.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research–Health Research and Development, ZON-Mw
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Keywords
- cannabis use, cannabis use disorder, heavy cannabis users, gray matter volume, white matter volume, brain structure, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, striatum, amygdala, hippocampus, cerebellum, CB1 receptor, substance dependence, cognitive impairment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Marijuana Abuse, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Organ Size, Severity of Illness Index, Young Adult, Neuroimaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
