Cannabis use during adolescent development: Susceptibility to psychiatric illness
Open accessAbstract
Cannabis use is increasingly pervasive among adolescents today, even more common than cigarette smoking. The evolving policy surrounding the legalization of cannabis reaffirms the need to understand the relationship between cannabis exposure early in life and psychiatric illnesses. cannabis contains psychoactive components, notably Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), that interfere with the brain's endogenous endocannabinoid system, which is critically involved in both pre- and post-natal neurodevelopment. Consequently, THC and related compounds could potentially usurp normal adolescent neurodevelopment, shifting the brain's developmental trajectory toward a disease-vulnerable state, predisposing early cannabis users to motivational, affective, and psychotic disorders. Numerous human studies, including prospective longitudinal studies, demonstrate that early cannabis use is associated with major depressive disorder and drug addiction. A strong association between schizophrenia and cannabis use is also apparent, especially when considering genetic factors that interact with this environmental exposure. These human studies set a foundation for carefully controlled animal studies which demonstrate similar patterns following early cannabinoid exposure. Given the vulnerable nature of adolescent neurodevelopment and the persistent changes that follow early cannabis exposure, the experimental findings outlined should be carefully considered by policymakers. In order to fully address the growing issues of psychiatric illnesses and to ensure a healthy future, measures should be taken to reduce cannabis use among teens.
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The endocannabinoid system is involved in neuroplasticity and neurodevelopment, and cannabinoid CB1 receptor levels appear to fluctuate during adolescence in relation to brain development at this point.
“This system is involved in neuroplasticity and neurodevelopment, and cannabinoid CB1 receptor levels appear to fluctuate during adolescence in relation to brain development at this point (35).”
From Association Between Cannabis and Psychosis: Epidemiologic Evidence (2016) · cites this paper as [35]
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- Authors
- Chadwick, B., Miller, M. L., & Hurd, Y. L.
- Affiliations
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hurd, Yasmin L.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 4
- Pages
- 129-129
- ISSN
- 1664-0640 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3796318
- OpenAlex
- W2151110933
- Cited by
- 210
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 2.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA030359)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Keywords
- adolescent cannabis use, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, endocannabinoid system, adolescent brain development, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, drug addiction, gene-environment interaction, cannabis policy, cannabis legalization
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