CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 587Functional Brain Connectivity StudiesAdvanced Neuroimaging Techniques and ApplicationsComplex Network Analysis Techniques

Multi-scale brain networks

Open access
Betzel, Richard F., Bassett, Danielle S.·2017·NeuroImage
DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.11.006PMC PMC5695236
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

The network architecture of the human brain has become a feature of increasing interest to the neuroscientific community, largely because of its potential to illuminate human cognition, its variation over development and aging, and its alteration in disease or injury. Traditional tools and approaches to study this architecture have largely focused on single scales-of topology, time, and space. Expanding beyond this narrow view, we focus this review on pertinent questions and novel methodological advances for the multi-scale brain. We separate our exposition into content related to multi-scale topological structure, multi-scale temporal structure, and multi-scale spatial structure. In each case, we recount empirical evidence for such structures, survey network-based methodological approaches to reveal these structures, and outline current frontiers and open questions. Although predominantly peppered with examples from human neuroimaging, we hope that this account will offer an accessible guide to any neuroscientist aiming to measure, characterize, and understand the full richness of the brain's multiscale network structure-irrespective of species, imaging modality, or spatial resolution.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.11.006

Cites

24 of 24 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Graph measures can be classified by resolution or scope into local, mesoscale, and global measures.

    “Graph measures can be classified based on their resolution or scope—from local measures that quantify properties of individual ROIs (nodes), to mesoscale measures describing clusters of interconnected ROIs, to global measures that describe whole-brain connectivity properties (Betzel and Bassett, 2017; Fornito et al., 2016) such as network communication in the brain (Graham et al., 2020) (Fig. 4b).”

    From Quantitative mapping of the brain’s structural connectivity using diffusion MRI tractography: A review (2022) · cites this paper as Betzel and Bassett, 2017

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 111

  1. Ahn YY Bagrow JP Lehmann S 2010 Link communities reveal multiscale complexity in networks Nature 466 7307 761 764 20562860
  2. Barabási AL 2016 Network Science Cambridge University Press Cambridge, UK
  3. Bassett DS Bullmore E 2006 Small-world brain networks Neuroscientist 12 6 512523 17079517
  4. Bassett DS Siebenhuhner F 2013 Multiscale Network Organization in the Human Brain Wiley Weinheim
  5. Bassett DS Greenfield DL Meyer-Lindenberg A Weinberger DR Moore SW Bullmore ET 2010 Efficient physical embedding of topologically complex information processing networks in brains and computer circuits PLoS Comput Biol 6 4 e1000748 20421990 PMC2858671
  6. Bassett DS Brown JA Deshpande V Carlson JM Grafton ST 2011a Conserved and variable architecture of human white matter connectivity Neuroimage 54 2 12621279 20850551
  7. Bassett DS Wymbs NF Porter MA Mucha PJ Carlson JM Grafton ST 2011b Dynamic reconfiguration of human brain networks during learning Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108 18 7641 7646 21502525 PMC3088578
  8. Bassett DS Owens ET Daniels KE Porter MA 2012 Influence of network topology on sound propagation in granular materials Phys Rev E 86 041306 23214579
  9. Bassett DS Porter MA Wymbs NF Grafton ST Carlson JM Mucha PJ 2013a Robust detection of dynamic community structure in networks Chaos: Interdiscip J Nonlinear Sci 23 1 013142 PMC3618100 23556979
  10. Bassett DS Wymbs NF Porter MA Mucha PJ Grafton ST 2014 Cross-linked structure of network evolution Chaos 24 1 013112 24697374 PMC4108627
  11. Bassett DS Owens ET Porter MA Manning ML Daniels KE 2015a Extraction of force-chain network architecture in granular materials using community detection Soft Matter 11 14 2731 2744 25703651
  12. Bassett DS Yang M Wymbs NF Grafton ST 2015b Learning-induced autonomy of sensorimotor systems Nat Neurosci 18 5 744 751 25849989 PMC6368853
  13. Battiston F Nicosia V Chavez M Latora V 2016 Multilayer motif analysis of brain networks arXiv:1606.09115 28456158 · arXiv
  14. Bellec P Rosa-Neto P Lyttelton OC Benali H Evans AC 2010 Multi-level bootstrap analysis of stable clusters in resting-state fmri Neuroimage 51 3 1126 1139 20226257
  15. Betzel RF Byrge L He Y Goñi J Zuo XN Sporns O 2014 Changes in structural and functional connectivity among resting-state networks across the human lifespan Neuroimage 102 345 357 25109530
  16. Betzel RF Mišić B He Y Rumschlag J Zuo XN Sporns O 2015 Functional brain modules reconfigure at multiple scales across the human lifespan arXiv:1510.08045 · arXiv
  17. Betzel RF Avena-Koenigsberger A Goñi J He Y De Reus MA Griffa A Vértes PE Mišic B Thiran JP Hagmann P 2016a Generative models of the human connectome Neuroimage 124 1054 1064 26427642 PMC4655950
  18. Betzel RF Medaglia JD Papadopoulos L Baum G Gur R Gur R Roalf D Satterthwaite TD Bassett DS 2016d The modular organization of human anatomical brain networks: Accounting for the cost of wiring arXiv:1608.01161 PMC6372290 30793069 · arXiv
  19. Betzel RF Satterthwaite TD Gold JI Bassett DS 2016e A positive mood, a flexible brain arXiv:1601.07881 · arXiv
  20. Beyer J Hadwiger M Al-Awami A Jeong WK Kasthuri N Lichtman JW Pfister H 2013 Exploring the connectome: petascale volume visualization of microscopy data streams IEEE Comput Graph Appl 33 4 50 61 24808059 PMC4296712
  21. Borgatti SP Mehra A Brass DJ Labianca G 2009 Network analysis in the social sciences Science 323 5916 892 895 19213908
  22. Bota M Sporns O Swanson LW 2015 Architecture of the cerebral cortical association connectome underlying cognition Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112 16 E2093 E2101 25848037 PMC4413280
  23. Brookes MJ Tewarie PK Hunt BA Robson SE Gascoyne LE Liddle EB Liddle PF Morris PG 2016 A multi-layer network approach to meg connectivity analysis NeuroImage 132 425 438 26908313 PMC4862958
  24. Bullmore ET Bassett DS 2011 Brain graphs: graphical models of the human brain connectome Annu Rev Clin Psychol 7 113 140 21128784
  25. Bullmore E Sporns O 2009 Complex brain networks: graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional systems Nat Rev Neurosci 10 3 186 198 19190637
  26. Bullmore E Sporns O 2012 The economy of brain network organization Nat Rev Neurosci 13 5 336 349 22498897
  27. Burns SP Santaniello S Yaffe RB Jouny CC Crone NE Bergey GK Anderson WS Sarma SV 2014 Network dynamics of the brain and influence of the epileptic seizure onset zone Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111 49 E53215330 PMC4267355 25404339
  28. Calhoun VD Miller R Pearlson G Adalı T 2014 The chronnectome: time-varying connectivity networks as the next frontier in fMRI data discovery Neuron 84 2 262 274 25374354 PMC4372723
  29. Cammoun L Gigandet X Meskaldji D Thiran JP Sporns O Do KQ Maeder P Meuli R Hagmann P 2012 Mapping the human connectome at multiple scales with diffusion spectrum mri J Neurosci Methods 203 2 386 397 22001222
  30. Chai L Mattar MG Blank IA Fedorenko E Bassett DS 2016 Functional network dynamics of the language system Cereb Cortex (In Press) PMC5066829 27550868
  31. Chan MY Park DC Savalia NK Petersen SE Wig GS 2014 12 Decreased segregation of brain systems across the healthy adult lifespan Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111 46 E4997 E5006 25368199 PMC4246293
  32. Cole MW Bassett DS Power JD Braver TS Petersen SE 2014 Intrinsic and task-evoked network architectures of the human brain Neuron 83 1 238 251 24991964 PMC4082806
  33. Dawson DA Lam J Lewis LB Carbonell F Mendola JD Shmuel A 2016 Partial correlation-based retinotopically organized resting-state functional connectivity within and between areas of the visual cortex reflects more than cortical distance Brain Connect 6 1 57 75 26415043 PMC4744894
  34. de Reus MA Van den Heuvel MP 2013 The parcellation-based connectome: limitations and extensions Neuroimage 80 397 404 23558097
  35. Delmotte A Tate EW Yaliraki SN Barahona M 2011 Protein multi-scale organization through graph partitioning and robustness analysis: application to the myosin–myosin light chain interaction Phys Biol 8 5 055010 21832797
  36. Delvenne JC Yaliraki SN Barahona M 2010 Stability of graph communities across time scales Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107 29 12755 12760 20615936 PMC2919907
  37. Di Martino A Fair DA Kelly C Satterthwaite TD Castellanos FX Thomason ME Craddock RC Luna B Leventhal BL Zuo XN 2014 Unraveling the miswired connectome: a developmental perspective Neuron 83 6 1335 1353 25233316 PMC4169187
  38. Diez I Bonifazi P Escudero I Mateos B Muñoz MA Stramaglia S Cortes JM 2015 A novel brain partition highlights the modular skeleton shared by structure and function Scientific reports 5 PMC4453230 26037235
  39. Doron KW Bassett DS Gazzaniga MS 2012 Dynamic network structure of interhemispheric coordination Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109 46 18661 18668 23112199 PMC3503189
  40. Fedorenko E Thompson-Schill SL 2014 Reworking the language network Trends Cogn Sci 18 3 120126 PMC4091770 24440115
  41. Fenn DJ Porter MA McDonald M Williams S Johnson NF Jones NS 2009 Dynamic communities in multichannel data: an application to the foreign exchange market during the 2007–2008 credit crisis Chaos: Interdiscip J Nonlinear Sci 19 3 033119 19791999
  42. Fortunato S Hric D 2016 Community detection in networks: A user guide arXiv:1608.00163 25615146 · arXiv
  43. Friston KJ 2011 Functional and effective connectivity: a review Brain Connect 1 1 1336 22432952
  44. Gauvin L Panisson A Cattuto C 2014 Detecting the community structure and activity patterns of temporal networks: a non-negative tensor factorization approach PloS One 9 1 e86028 24497935 PMC3908891
  45. Giusti C Ghrist R Bassett DS 2016 Two’s company, three (or more) is a simplex: algebraic-topological tools for understanding higher-order structure in neural data J Comput Neurosci 41 1 1 14 27287487 PMC4927616
  46. Goñi J van den Heuvel MP Avena-Koenigsberger A de Mendizabal NV Betzel RF Griffa A Hagmann P Corominas-Murtra B Thiran J-P Sporns O 2014 Resting-brain functional connectivity predicted by analytic measures of network communication Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111 2 833 838 24379387 PMC3896172
  47. Gordon EM Laumann TO Adeyemo B Huckins JF Kelley WM Petersen SE 2014 Generation and evaluation of a cortical area parcellation from resting-state correlations Cereb Cortex (bhu239) PMC4677978 25316338
  48. Guimera R Sales-Pardo M Amaral LAN 2004 Modularity from fluctuations in random graphs and complex networks Phys Rev E 70 2 025101 PMC2441765 15447530
  49. He Y Wang J Wang L Chen ZJ Yan C Yang H Tang H Zhu C Gong Q Zang Y 2009 Uncovering intrinsic modular organization of spontaneous brain activity in humans PloS One 4 4 e5226 19381298 PMC2668183
  50. Helmstaedter M Briggman KL Turaga SC Jain V Seung HS Denk W 2013 Connectomic reconstruction of the inner plexiform layer in the mouse retina Nature 500 7461 168 174 23925239
  51. Henriksen S Pang R Wronkiewicz M 2016 A simple generative model of the mouse mesoscale connectome eLife 5 e12366 26978793 PMC4807721
  52. Hermundstad AM Bassett DS Brown KS Aminoff EM Clewett D Freeman S Frithsen A Johnson A Tipper CM Miller MB 2013 Structural foundations of resting-state and task-based functional connectivity in the human brain Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110 15 6169 6174 23530246 PMC3625268
  53. Holme P 2005 Core–periphery organization of complex networks Phys Rev E 72 4 046111 16383472
  54. Jarrell TA Wang Y Bloniarz AE Brittin CA Xu M Thomson JN Albertson DG Hall DH Emmons SW 2012 The connectome of a decision-making neural network Science 337 6093 437 444 22837521
  55. Karrer B Newman ME 2011 Stochastic blockmodels and community structure in networks Phys Rev E 83 1 016107 21405744
  56. Khambhati AN Davis KA Oommen BS Chen SH Lucas TH Litt B Bassett DS 2015 Dynamic network drivers of seizure generation, propagation and termination in human neocortical epilepsy PLoS Comput Biol 11 12 e1004608 26680762 PMC4682976
  57. Kheirkhahzadeh M Lancichinetti A Rosvall M 2016 Efficient community detection of network flows for varying markov times and bipartite networks Phys Rev E 93 3 032309 27078368
  58. Klimm F Bassett DS Carlson JM Mucha PJ 2014 Resolving structural variability in network models and the brain PLoS Comput Biol 10 3 e1003491 24675546 PMC3967917
  59. Kopell NJ Gritton HJ Whittington MA Kramer MA 2014 Beyond the connectome: the dynome Neuron 83 6 1319 1328 25233314 PMC4169213
  60. Krubitzer L 2009 In search of a unifying theory of complex brain evolution Ann New Y Acad Sci 1156 1 44 67 PMC2666944 19338502
  61. Lambiotte R Delvenne JC Barahona M 2014 Random walks, Markov processes and the multiscale modular organization of complex networks IEEE Trans Netw Sci Eng 1 2 76 90
  62. Lancichinetti A Fortunato S 2012 Consensus clustering in complex networks Scientific reports 2 PMC3313482 22468223
  63. Lancichinetti A Radicchi F Ramasco JJ Fortunato S 2011 Finding statistically significant communities in networks PloS One 6 4 e18961 21559480 PMC3084717
  64. Lee WCA Bonin V Reed M Graham BJ Hood G Glattfelder K Reid RC 2016 Anatomy and function of an excitatory network in the visual cortex Nature 532 7599 370 374 27018655 PMC4844839
  65. Li Y Liu Y Li J Qin W Li K Yu C Jiang T 2009 Brain anatomical network and intelligence PLoS Comput Biol 5 5 e1000395 19492086 PMC2683575
  66. Lohse C Bassett DS Lim KO Carlson JM 2014 Resolving anatomical and functional structure in human brain organization: identifying mesoscale organization in weighted network representations PLoS Comput Biol 10 10 e1003712 25275860 PMC4183375
  67. Marblestone A Wayne G Kording K 2016 Towards an integration of deep learning and neuroscience arXiv:1606.03813 PMC5021692 27683554 · arXiv
  68. Markov N Ercsey-Ravasz M Gomes AR Lamy C Magrou L Vezoli J Misery P Falchier A Quilodran R Gariel M 2012 A weighted and directed interareal connectivity matrix for macaque cerebral cortex Cereb Cortex (bhs270) PMC3862262 23010748
  69. Mattar MG Cole MW Thompson-Schill SL Bassett DS 2015 A functional cartography of cognitive systems PLoS Comput Biol 11 12 e1004533 26629847 PMC4668064
  70. Meilă M 2003 Comparing clusterings by the variation of information Learning theory and kernel machines Springer Berlin, Heidelberg 173 187
  71. Meunier D Lambiotte R Bullmore ET 2010a Modular and hierarchically modular organization of brain networks Front Neurosci 4 200 21151783 PMC3000003
  72. Meunier D Lambiotte R Fornito A Ersche KD Bullmore ET 2010b Hierarchical modularity in human brain functional networks Hierarchy Dyn Neural Netw 1 2 PMC2784301 19949480
  73. Mucha PJ Richardson T Macon K Porter MA Onnela JP 2010 Community structure in time-dependent, multiscale, and multiplex networks Science 328 5980 876 878 20466926
  74. Muldoon SF Bassett DS 2016 Network and multilayer network approaches to understanding human brain dynamics Phil Sci (In Press)
  75. Nicolini C Bifone A 2016 Modular structure of brain functional networks: breaking the resolution limit by surprise Scientific reports 6 PMC4725862 26763931
  76. Oh SW Harris JA Ng L Winslow B Cain N Mihalas S Wang Q Lau C Kuan L Henry AM 2014 A mesoscale connectome of the mouse brain Nature 508 7495 207 214 24695228 PMC5102064
  77. Opsahl T Colizza V Panzarasa P Ramasco JJ 2008 Prominence and control: the weighted rich-club effect Phys Rev Lett 101 16 168702 18999722
  78. Palla G Derényi I Farkas I Vicsek T 2005 Uncovering the overlapping community structure of complex networks in nature and society Nature 435 7043 814 818 15944704
  79. Papadopoulos L Puckett J Daniels KE Bassett DS 2016 Evolution of network architecture in a granular material under compression arXiv:1603.08159 27739788 · arXiv
  80. Park HJ Friston K 2013 Structural and functional brain networks: from connections to cognition Science 342 6158 1238411 24179229
  81. Ponce-Alvarez A Deco G Hagmann P Romani GL Mantini D Corbetta M 2015 Resting-state temporal synchronization networks emerge from connectivity topology and heterogeneity PLoS Comput Biol 11 2 e1004100 25692996 PMC4333573
  82. Reichardt J Bornholdt S 2006 Statistical mechanics of community detection Phys Rev E 74 1 016110 16907154
  83. Robinson LF Atlas LY Wager TD 2015 Dynamic functional connectivity using state-based dynamic community structure: method and application to opioid analgesia NeuroImage 108 274 291 25534114
  84. Rosenthal G Sporns O Avidan G 2016 Stimulus dependent dynamic reorganization of the human face processing network Cereb Cortex PMC6059134 27620978
  85. Rosvall M Bergstrom CT 2008 Maps of random walks on complex networks reveal community structure Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105 4 1118 1123 18216267 PMC2234100
  86. Rubinov M Sporns O 2010 Complex network measures of brain connectivity: uses and interpretations Neuroimage 52 3 1059 1069 19819337
  87. Santarnecchi E Galli G Polizzotto NR Rossi A Rossi S 2014 Efficiency of weak brain connections support general cognitive functioning Hum Brain Mapp 35 9 45664582 PMC6869093 24585433
  88. Schaub MT Delvenne JC Yaliraki SN Barahona M 2012 Markov dynamics as a zooming lens for multiscale community detection: non clique-like communities and the field-of-view limit PloS One 7 2 e32210 22384178 PMC3288079
  89. Schroeter MS Charlesworth P Kitzbichler MG Paulsen O Bullmore ET 2015 Emergence of rich-club topology and coordinated dynamics in development of hippocampal functional networks in vitro J Neurosci 35 14 5459 5470 25855164 PMC4388914
  90. Shih CT Sporns O Yuan SL Su TS Lin YJ Chuang CC Wang TY Lo CC Greenspan RJ Chiang AS 2015 Connectomics-based analysis of information flow in the drosophila brain Curr Biol 25 10 1249 1258 25866397
  91. Shimono M Beggs JM 2015 Functional clusters, hubs, and communities in the cortical microconnectome Cereb Cortex 25 10 3743 3757 25336598 PMC4585513
  92. Simpson SL Laurienti PJ 2016 Disentangling brain graphs: a note on the conflation of network and connectivity analyses Brain Connect 6 2 9598 PMC4779980 26414952
  93. Sperry MM Telesford QK Klimm F Bassett DS 2016 Rentian scaling for the measurement of optimal embedding of complex networks into physical space J Complex Netw PMC7194220 32391151
  94. Sporns O 2011 Networks of the Brain MIT Press Cambridge, MA, USA
  95. Stam CJ Reijneveld JC 2007 Graph theoretical analysis of complex networks in the brain Nonlinear Biomed Phys 1 1 1 17908336 PMC1976403
  96. Stephan KE Kamper L Bozkurt A Burns GA Young MP Kötter R 2001 Advanced database methodology for the collation of connectivity data on the macaque brain (cocomac) Phil Trans R Soc B: Biol Sci 356 1412 1159 1186 PMC1088509 11545697
  97. Takeuchi H Taki Y Nouchi R Sekiguchi A Hashizume H Sassa Y Kotozaki Y Miyauchi CM Yokoyama R Iizuka K Nakagawa S Nagase T Kunitoki K Kawashima R 2015 Degree centrality and fractional amplitude of low-frequency oscillations associated with stroop interference Neuroimage 119 197209 26123381
  98. Telesford QK Lynall ME Vettel J Miller MB Grafton ST Bassett DS 2016 Detection of functional brain network reconfiguration during task-driven cognitive states NeuroImage PMC5133201 27261162
  99. Traag VA Van Dooren P Nesterov Y 2011 Narrow scope for resolution-limit-free community detection Phys Rev E 84 1 016114 21867264
  100. Traag VA Krings G Van Dooren P 2013 Significant scales in community structure Scientific reports 3 PMC3796307 24121597
  101. Vértes PE Alexander-Bloch AF Gogtay N Giedd JN Rapoport JL Bullmore ET 2012 Simple models of human brain functional networks Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109 15 5868 5873 22467830 PMC3326510
  102. van den Heuvel MP Sporns O 2011 Rich-club organization of the human connectome J Neurosci 31 44 15775 15786 22049421 PMC6623027
  103. van den Heuvel MP Stam CJ Boersma M Hulshoff Pol HE 2008 Small-world and scale-free organization of voxel-based resting-state functional connectivity in the human brain Neuroimage 43 3 528539 18786642
  104. van den Heuvel MP Scholtens LH Barrett LF Hilgetag CC de Reus MA 2015 Bridging cytoarchitectonics and connectomics in human cerebral cortex J Neurosci 35 41 13943 13948 26468195 PMC6608182
  105. van den Heuvel MP Bullmore ET Sporns O 2016 Comparative connectomics Trends Cogn Sci 20 5 345 361 27026480
  106. Wang J Wang L Zang Y Yang H Tang H Gong Q Chen Z Zhu C He Y 2009 Parcellation-dependent small-world brain functional networks: a resting-state fmri study Human Brain Mapp 30 5 1511 1523 PMC6870680 18649353
  107. Yeo BT Krienen FM Sepulcre J Sabuncu MR Lashkari D Hollinshead M Roffman JL Smoller JW Zöllei L Polimeni JR 2011 The organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity J Neurophysiol 106 3 1125 1165 21653723 PMC3174820
  108. Zalesky A Fornito A Harding IH Cocchi L Yücel M Pantelis C Bullmore ET 2010 Whole-brain anatomical networks: does the choice of nodes matter? Neuroimage 50 3 970 983 20035887
  109. Zalesky A Fornito A Bullmore E 2012 On the use of correlation as a measure of network connectivity Neuroimage 60 4 2096 2106 22343126
  110. Zhang Z Telesford QK Giusti C Lim KO Bassett DS 2016 Choosing wavelet methods, filters, and lengths for functional brain network construction PLoS One 11 6 e0157243 27355202 PMC4927172
  111. Zuo XN Kelly C Di Martino A Mennes M Margulies DS Bangaru S Grzadzinski R Evans AC Zang YF Castellanos FX 2010 Growing together and growing apart: regional and sex differences in the lifespan developmental trajectories of functional homotopy J Neurosci 30 45 15034 15043 21068309 PMC2997358

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Betzel, R. F., & Bassett, D. S.
Affiliations
University of Pennsylvania (US)
Corresponding author
Bassett, Danielle S.
ORCID
Venue
NeuroImage
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2017-10
Volume
160
Pages
73-83
ISSN
1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.11.006
PMC
PMC5695236
OpenAlex
W2507716712
Cited by
587
References
24
Citations by year
2026: 44 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 66 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 4
FWCI
32.24
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • NeuroImage (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation (W911NF-10-2-0022, R01-MH107703, 1R01HD086888-01, 1631550, 1554488, 1430087, 2-R01-DC-009209-11, R21-M MH-106799, 1441502, R01-MH107235, W911NF-14-1-0679)
  • John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (R21-M MH-106799, W911NF-10-2-0022, W911NF-14-1-0679, 2-R01-DC-009209-11, R01-MH107703, BCS-1631550, 1R01HD086888-01, BCS-1441502, R01-MH107235, PHY-1554488)
  • Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (W911NF-10-2-0022, W911NF-14-1-0679, R01-MH107235, R01-MH107703, 2-R01-DC-009209-11, BCS-1631550, BCS-1441502, R21-M MH-106799, PHY-1554488, 1R01HD086888-01)
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01mh107235-03, 5r01ns099348-04, 2r01dc009209-11, 1r01hd086888-01)
  • Office of Naval Research (BCS-1441502, BCS-1631550, PHY-1554488, R01-MH107235, W911NF-10-2-0022, W911NF-14-1-0679, R01-MH107703, R21-M MH-106799, 1R01HD086888-01, BCS-1430087, 2-R01-DC-009209-11)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH-107235, R01MH107703, R21MH106799)
  • National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01-DC009209)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke ((R01 NS099348)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01 HD086888)
  • Army Research Office (1R01HD086888-01, R01-MH-107235, PHY-1554488, W911NF-14–1-0679, BCS-1441502, R01-MH107703, W911NF-14-1, R01-DC-009209-11, W911NF-10-2-0022, R21-M MH-106799, BCS-1631550, W911NF, 2-R01-DC-009209-11)
  • Army Research Laboratory (W911-NF-10-2-0022, R01-MH107235, W911NF-14-1-0679, 1R01HD086888-01, PHY-1554488, W911NF, 2-R01-DC-009209-11, R01-MH107703, BCS-1441502, R21-M MH-106799, BCS-1631550)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Complex Network Analysis Techniques
Keywords
brain networks, network topology, spatial resolution, human brain connectivity, network-based methods, neurological disorders
MeSH terms
Brain, Brain Mapping, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neural Pathways

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review