The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 34 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli
Open accessAbstract
Meditation training can improve mood and emotion regulation, yet the neural mechanisms of these affective changes have yet to be fully elucidated. We evaluated the impact of long- and short-term mindfulness meditation training on the amygdala response to emotional pictures in a healthy, non-clinical population of adults using blood-oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging. Long-term meditators (N = 30, 16 female) had 9081 h of lifetime practice on average, primarily in mindfulness meditation. Short-term training consisted of an 8-week Mindfulness- Based Stress Reduction course (N = 32, 22 female), which was compared to an active control condition (N = 35, 19 female) in a randomized controlled trial. Meditation training was associated with less amygdala reactivity to positive pictures relative to controls, but there were no group differences in response to negative pictures. Reductions in reactivity to negative stimuli may require more practice experience or concentrated practice, as hours of retreat practice in long-term meditators was associated with lower amygdala reactivity to negative pictures - yet we did not see this relationship for practice time with MBSR. Short-term training, compared to the control intervention, also led to increased functional connectivity between the amygdala and a region implicated in emotion regulation - ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) - during affective pictures. Thus, meditation training may improve affective responding through reduced amygdala reactivity, and heightened amygdala-VMPFC connectivity during affective stimuli may reflect a potential mechanism by which MBSR exerts salutary effects on emotion regulation ability.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
63 Own result · 26 Not checked yet · 22 Own interpretation · 14 Own method
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Long-term meditators had significantly lower right amygdala activation than meditation-naïve participants for the contrast NEGPOS > NEU (t(145)=2.66, b=0.09, p=0.01, CI=[0.02,0.15], 1 LTM and 3 MNP outliers removed, partial r = 0.20).”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Results > Long-term mindfulness meditation practice and amygdala reactivity.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we found that the LTM categorized significantly more pictures as neutral than MNP for the negative IAPS pictures (t(119)=- 2.18, b=−0.04, p=0.03, CI=[−0.08, −0.004], 2 MNP and 1 LTM outliers removed)”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Results > Long-term mindfulness meditation practice and amygdala reactivity.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“nor with total FFMQ scores (t(148)=−0.33, b=−1.92, p=0.74, CI=[−13.44, 9.60])”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Results > Relation between amygdala activation and self-reported reactivity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Long-term meditators had significantly lower right amygdala activation for POS > NEU than meditation-naïve participants (t(147)=3.86, b=0.13, p=0.001, CI=[0.06,0.21], 2 MNP outliers removed, partial r = 0.26; Figure 1b)”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Results > Long-term mindfulness meditation practice and amygdala reactivity.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“however there was only a marginal, non-significant difference for the contrast NEG > NEU (t(145)=1.65, b=0.06, p=0.10, CI=[−0.01,0.14], 1 LTM and 3 MNP outliers removed, partial r = 0.11; Figure 1a).”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Results > Long-term mindfulness meditation practice and amygdala reactivity.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no significant differences in activation for the left amygdala (Table 2).”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Results > Short-term mindfulness meditation practice and amygdala reactivity.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“this relationship remained significant when controlling for social desirability as measured with the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability questionnaire (MCSD; Figure 3a; t(147)=−3.05, b=−4.79, p<0.01, CI=[- 7.88,−1.69])”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Results > Relation between amygdala activation and self-reported reactivity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Including all the available data, LTM categorized a significantly higher proportion of the pictures as neutral compared to MNP (t(122)=−2.52, b=−0.07, p=0.01, CI=[−0.12, −0.02]).”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Results > Long-term mindfulness meditation practice and amygdala reactivity.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“nor with amygdala activation for POS > NEU (t(28)=0.17, b<0.01, p=0.87, CI=[0.00,0.00], 1 outlier removed), while controlling for pre-treatment baseline.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Results > Practice duration and amygdala reactivity.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants' self-reported lifetime meditation hours are accurate measures of their actual practice.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was no relationship between amygdala activation for NEG > NEU with FFMQ non-reactivity (t(148)=−1.33, b=−2.19, p=0.19, CI=[−5.43,1.06])”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Results > Relation between amygdala activation and self-reported reactivity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 39
- Probably not a substantial claim. 31
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The long-term meditator group had considerable variability in self-reported total lifetime daily practice (mean=4,281(2,817) hours, range=954 – 13,605 hours) and in total lifetime retreat practice (mean=4,658 hours, range=258 – 29,710 hours)”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Results > Practice duration and amygdala reactivity.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants' self-reported lifetime meditation hours are accurate measures of their actual practice.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a whole-brain, voxelwise analysis did not reveal any regions in which there were differences between groups (neither for LTM versus MNP, nor MBSR versus HEP post-intervention controlling for baseline).”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Results > Mindfulness meditation practice and amygdala reactivity: Analytic strategy.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was no difference between groups in the percentage of neutral IAPS pictures categorized as neutral (t(120)=−0.45, b=−0.02, p=0.65, CI=[−0.11, 0.07], 2 LTM outliers removed).”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Results > Long-term mindfulness meditation practice and amygdala reactivity.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“LTM had an average of 9,081 lifetime hours of meditation practice, ranging from 1,439 to 32,612 total hours, and which primarily consisted of mindfulness-based practices (focused attention and OM; 86 % of daily practice hours), in addition to some practice with compassion/loving kindness meditations (14% of daily practice hours).”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Methods > Participants
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no significant differences in baseline PPI measures between groups in the same sample of participants for NEG > NEU (t(63)=−.53, b=−0.05, p=0.60, CI=[−0.23,0.13])”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Results > Short-term practice and amygdala functional connectivity.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We tested separately by valence to decompose this effect and found that LTM had lower amygdala activation than MNP specifically to positive pictures, but not negative pictures (for which there was only a marginal difference between groups).”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Since there was a significant difference in the POS > NEU PPI effect by gender we also tested for group differences controlling for gender, and there were no changes in the result.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Results > Long-term practice and amygdala functional connectivity.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, we did not find a relationship between the percent of negative and positive pictures that LTM categorized as neutral and the amygdala activation, and there was only a trend-level relationship with amygdala-VMPFC connectivity during negative versus neutral pictures.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interestingly, long term meditators’ total lifetime practice while on retreat predicted reduced amygdala activation to negative pictures, while total hours of non-retreat practice (i.e. totally daily practice hours over the lifetime) was not associated with amygdala reactivity.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no scans with greater than 25% of the data censored for motion, and thus no participants or scans were excluded for excessive motion.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Methods > Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The LTM did not differ from the MNP in terms of age, gender, motion during the fMRI task, level of education, or socio-economic status measured with the Hollingshead index (Hollingshead, 1975), nor were there statistically significant effects of any of these demographic factors on any of the outcome variables, except in 2 cases as described in the Results section.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Methods > Participants
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hollingshead, 1975
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The intervention and randomization procedures were identical to that detailed by MacCoon et al. (2012)”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Methods > Participants
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites MacCoon et al., 2012 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Improvements in affective responses following mindfulness meditation training have also been shown in non-clinical populations, including reductions in emotional interference (Ortner et al., 2007) and decreased negative mood (Jha et al., 2010).”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ortner et al., 2007 source
- Not checked yetcites Jha et al., 2010
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All findings remain consistent when outliers are included in the model, except in 3 cases as noted in the text.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Results
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Moreover, research in non-human primates indicates functional specificity of VMPFC for value updating (Rudebeck et al., 2013), providing evidence that VMPFC automatically processes information regarding the changing salience of stimuli.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rudebeck et al., 2013 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Non-human primate research reveals a specific mechanism for these effects whereby monosynaptic input to basolateral amygdala from MPFC inhibits activity from the central nucleus of the amygdala (Kim et al., 2011).”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kim et al., 2011 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we compared post-training right amygdala activation in participants randomized to MBSR with the active control condition (HEP), while controlling for pre-treatment baseline activation (i.e. an analysis of covariance approach - ANCOVA).”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Results > Short-term mindfulness meditation practice and amygdala reactivity.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All the results remained the same when age was not included as a covariate.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Results > Practice duration and amygdala reactivity.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ; Baer et al., 2006), which includes a sub-scale that was used as a self-report measure of non-reactivity.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Methods > Participants
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Baer et al., 2006 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“a validated, active control condition (the health enhancement program; HEP) that was matched for intervention effects non-specific to mindfulness meditation (MacCoon et al., 2012).”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites MacCoon et al., 2012 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Functional amygdala ROIs were identified from the contrast of Negative>Neutral IAPS pictures during a 4 s picture presentation period (analogous to the task used in the current study except participants did not make a button press response) and using data from an independent sample of 90 participants enrolled in a separate study (mean age(SD)=45.1(10.0) years, 52 female) (Grupe et al., 2017).”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Methods > Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Grupe et al., 2017
plainn = 90- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The amygdala is central to emotion generation (Phelps and LeDoux, 2005) and regulation (Buhle et al., 2014), and VMPFC is implicated in automatic emotion regulation (Phelps et al., 2004; Urry et al., 2006), possibly through functional coupling with the amygdala (Banks et al., 2007; Lee et al., 2012).”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Introduction
What the sources say
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Experimenters were blind to the group assignment of meditation-naïve participants during data collection for the RCT.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Methods > Participants
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“using a-priori amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) regions of interest (ROIs).”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We included a covariate to control for whether participants’ behavioral data was collected concurrently in the scanner, or online afterward, and the results are consistent whether or not this covariate is included.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Results > Long-term mindfulness meditation practice and amygdala reactivity.
plainn = 84- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Affect labeling is a process which may engage automatic emotion regulation even absent an intention to volitionally regulate emotion, as affect labeling has been shown to dampen the amygdala response (Lieberman et al., 2007).”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lieberman et al., 2007 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We recruited a larger sample of MNP than LTM, due to the unique study design that incorporated an RCT for which we needed at least 30 MNP participants per group following randomization.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Methods > Participants
plaindirectn = 30- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We controlled for age in the following analyses, as it was correlated with log total practice time (r=0.30 with daily practice, and r=0.15 with retreat practice), and 2 outliers were removed from all of the analyses with practice hours.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Results > Practice duration and amygdala reactivity.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“can improve emotion regulation, ameliorate symptoms underlying anxiety and depression and boost positive mood (Goyal et al., 2014; Hofmann et al., 2010; Jain et al., 2007).”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Introduction
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To further address motion, high motion time points with a framewise displacement larger than 0.9 mm (Siegel et al., 2014) were modeled out of the data with an individual regressor.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Methods > Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Siegel et al., 2014 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“MBSR has been shown to lead to reduced negative experience (Goldin and Gross, 2010; Kaviani et al., 2011) and quicker recovery from a negative challenge (Britton et al., 2012; Raes et al., 2009).”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Introduction
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Extinction learning is another example of and automatic emotion regulation process and involves both amygdala and VMPFC (Phelps et al., 2004).”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Phelps et al., 2004 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fact that MBSR significantly increased the amygdala-VMPFC PPI effect relative to HEP training for both negative versus neutral pictures and positive versus neutral pictures lends further support to this explanation, and implies a similar emotion regulatory mechanism for reducing reactivity to affective stimuli independent of valence.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All participants in the MBSR group received the same intervention and were recruited from the same geographic community (in Madison, WI), whereas the LTM had larger variation in practice type, duration and geographic location.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the current had no direct, objective measures of emotion regulation behavior.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One mechanism that could lead to decreased emotional reactivity with practice in mindfulness meditation is through increased exposure to the arising and passing of emotions accompanied by this new habit of attending to the experience non-reactively.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The LTM likely also had greater variability in their motivations for engaging in practice.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, individual differences in factors relating to participants’ choice and ability to go on retreat may be important to consider in relation to their emotional reactivity”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“We have argued in other contexts that this form of emotion regulation is ubiquitous and is likely the most common form of emotion regulation in everyday life (Lapate et al., 2014).”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lapate et al., 2014 source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results of the current study extend this literature in novel ways by demonstrating similar effects with a much stronger, RCT design combined with cross-sectional data from LTM.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The inverse relationship between OM retreat practice and reactivity to negative IAPS, combined with non-significant group differences in amygdala reactivity to negative IAPS implies that altering the response to negative affect may require more intense practice over time (specifically in OM meditation).”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This pattern of behavioral results mirrors the pattern of results in the fMRI data and lends further support to the hypothesis that longterm mindfulness meditation training improves emotion regulation through a reduction in emotional reactivity.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All the long-term meditators had a daily practice that included OM meditation, and so engaging in this style of practice while on retreat appears to be particularly beneficial.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: unclear — It is unclear whether it could be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Since participants in this study were instructed to make a button press to indicate the valence of the IAPS, this brought awareness to the source of affective information very explicitly. Thus, the affective experience induced from the IAPS was less likely to be misattributed to the neutral face stimuli.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, participants with mindfulness meditation training may have more easily or robustly engaged this automatic form of emotion regulation due to the affect labeling component of the task, possibly leading to lower amygdala reactivity.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Prior research has dissociated the neural basis of pleasure from that of the “wanting” associated with approach behavior (Smith et al., 2011).”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Smith et al., 2011 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Furthermore, research has shown that affect labeling can serve as a form of implicit emotion regulation and result in dampening of the amygdala response, which was associated with increased ventrolateral PFC activation mediated by VMPFC (Lieberman et al., 2007).”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lieberman et al., 2007 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The exploratory nature of our behavioral analysis, and the technical difficulties with recording button responses in the scanner, greatly limited inference from these results, as well as our power to detect an effect.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It is likely that the amygdala, a key node in the salience network, marks wanting more than liking whereas the work of Berridge and colleagues suggests that local circuitry within the ventral pallidum is uniquely associated with liking (Smith et al., 2011).”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Smith et al., 2011 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Labeling experiences – including affective experiences – is also a component of mindfulness mediation training, and has been previously proposed as one possible mechanism by which such practices train emotion regulation (Lutz et al., 2008).”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lutz et al., 2008 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, the lack of relationships between individual differences in amygdala reactivity and the amount of MBSR practice (e.g. variation in the degree to which participants engaged in at-home practice, or ‘homework’ during MBSR) may also indicate an important distinction between short- and long-term practice: it may be that there is a more “all-or-nothing” effect of exposure to MBSR in terms of”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“Recent evidence that behavioral measures of mindfulness were associated with decreased attentional capture to rewarding stimuli provide additional evidence for this interpretation (Levinson et al., 2014).”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Levinson et al., 2014 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The fact that we found a relationship between hours of retreat practice and reduced amygdala reactivity, but not with amygdala-VMPFC connectivity lends further support to the idea that increased connectivity may only occur at earlier stages of practice, and fits with the nonlinear dosage-response curve of mindfulness meditation training (Brefczynski-Lewis et al., 2007).”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Brefczynski-Lewis et al., 2007 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Taken together, these findings provide novel evidence that training in mindfulness meditation alters the neural circuitry of automatic emotion regulation, which may be instantiated early on by modulating connectivity between the VMPFC and amygdala.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While the valence labeling aspect of the task likely contributed to the lack of a valence effect on the subsequent neutral face response, it also likely allowed us to more easily assess individual differences in the ability to engage with automatic (i.e. implicit) emotion regulation processes during the IAPS presentations.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We attempted to minimize such variation by recruiting LTM who had similar practice that included primarily mindfulness-based meditation.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On this view, with long-term training the reduction in reactivity to affective stimuli becomes more automatic such that VMPFC recruitment is less necessary.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of course, the fact that short-term MBSR training produced alterations in amygdala-VMPFC connectivity not seen among the LTM can also be due to other factors.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fact that short-term MBSR training affected amygdala-VMPFC functional connectivity in ways that we did not detect in participants with long-term training is revealing and implies a curvilinear trajectory in the neural changes required for learning the skill of non-reactivity.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The present study provides evidence that long and short-term training in mindfulness meditation improves automatic emotion regulation and elucidates the neural correlates of this improvement.”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The authors state this as an assumption.
Automatic emotion regulation occurs without volitional attention and without explicit instructions.
“Automatic emotion regulation is assumed to be a process that occurs in the absence of volitional attention and without explicit instructions.”
The paper relies on this without support.
How mindfulness meditation training changes affective processing at the neural level, particularly in studies with active controls and connectivity analyses, remains unclear.
“Research on the neural mechanisms underlying these affective changes that utilizes active control conditions is sparse, and systematic examination of the impact of mindfulness meditation training on functional connectivity in emotion regulation networks has not been investigated.”
“Precisely how mindfulness-based meditation impacts the neural circuitry of emotion regulation remains unclear.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Participants' self-reported lifetime meditation hours are accurate measures of their actual practice.
“Lifetime hours of practice were calculated based on subjects reports of their average hours of formal meditation practice per week and their total years of practice.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The automatic emotion regulation task probes automatic responses to emotional pictures, and individual differences in amygdala response reflect automatic engagement of emotion regulation.
“The automatic emotion regulation task used in this study was designed to specifically probe participants’ automatic response to emotional pictures, whereby the degree to which emotion regulation processes were automatically engaged would be reflected by individual differences in the amygdala response to affective stimuli.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Retreats differ from daily practice in having longer practice duration, more continual focus with fewer distractions, greater social support or accountability, and release from daily work or family expectations.
“Retreats tend to differ from daily practice in many ways; the duration of practice is longer, the context promotes a continual focus on the goals of the training with fewer distractions than is typical for daily life, there is usually greater social support or accountability, and there is a release from daily work or family expectations.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Mindfulness meditation trains attention to thoughts and emotions as they arise and pass, without avoiding discomfort or grasping at pleasant experiences.
“Mindfulness meditation provides training in paying attention to thoughts and emotions as they unfold naturally and allowing them to pass without trying to avoid discomfort or to grasp onto pleasant experiences.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Our approach to the amalgamation of mindfulness-based and mindfulness-informed interventions is based on the premise that both formal and informal mindfulness practices have the capacity to modify brain function, including amygdala function, which can have a consequential impact on individuals’ daily life beyond the practice of mindfulness per se, as demonstrated by previous research (Gotink et al”
From Mindfulness-Based and Mindfulness-Informed Interventions at the Workplace: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis of RCTs (2023) · cites this paper as Kral et al., 2018
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Indeed, meditation-induced dampening of the amygdala has been found to attenuate not just negative emotions but positive ones as well [34,35].”
From Can mindfulness be too much of a good thing? The value of a middle way (2019) · cites this paper as [35]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Results > Relation between amygdala activation and self-reported reactivity
“t(151)=−7.25, b=−5.36, p<0.001, CI=[−6.83,−3.90], 1 LTM outlier removed”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Methods > Participants
“This left a total of 121 MNP’s (78 female, 119 right-handed) with average age of 48.3 ± 10.8 years, and an age range of 26 – 66 years. One LTM was excluded due to a dental implant which distorted the functional fMRI data, leaving a total of 30 LTM’s”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Methods > Automatic Emotion Regulation Task
“Due to a technical error the button box response was not recorded for 85 participants (19 LTM)”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Results > Long-term mindfulness meditation practice and amygdala reactivity.
“Due to a technical error, button presses for 84 participants were not recorded during the scan: 23 participants (5 LTM) were completely missing the categorization data, and 61 participants (11 LTM) categorized the pictures online after the scan.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Results > Short-term mindfulness meditation practice and amygdala reactivity.
“b=−0.06”
§ Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. > Results > Short-term mindfulness meditation practice and amygdala reactivity.
“CI=[−0.01,0.47]”
Citations
Cites
R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
R Core Team (2000) · doi:10.32614/r.manuals · Cited by 355,893
The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822 · Cited by 13,448
Desikan, R. S., Ségonne, F., Fischl, B., Quinn, B. T., Dickerson, B. C., Blacker, D., Buckner, R. L., Dale, A. M., Maguire, R. P., Hyman, B. T., et al. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021 · Cited by 13,324
Jenkinson, M., Bannister, P., Brady, M., & Smith, S. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1132 · Cited by 11,888
Fast robust automated brain extraction
Smith, S. M. (2002) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.10062 · Cited by 10,496
Using Self-Report Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191105283504 · Cited by 7,511 · cited 10×
“There was no relationship between amygdala activation for NEG > NEU with FFMQ non-reactivity (t(148)=−1.33, b=−2.19, p=0.19, CI=[−5.43,1.06]), nor with total FFMQ scores (t(148)=−0.33, b=−1.92, p=0.74, CI=[−13.44, 9.60]).”
InfluentialMindfulness: A proposed operational definition.
Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., Segal, Z. V., Abbey, S., Speca, M., Velting, D., et al. (2004) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.bph077 · Cited by 7,234
(2005) · CTIT technical reports series · Cited by 5,307
Four Factor Index of Social Status [1975]
Hollingshead, A. B. (1975) · Cited by 5,151
The effect of mindfulness based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta analytic review
Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018555 · Cited by 3,846
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 326
Exploring moderators of intervention effects of a mindfulness program for Filipino children
Galvez Tan, L. J. T., & Alampay, L. P. (2022) · International Journal of School & Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/21683603.2020.1856741 · Cited by 10
Mindfulness training reduces the preference for proenvironmental outcomes
Corbi, Z. L. H., Koch, K., Hölzel, B. K., & Soutschek, A. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-79137-0 · Cited by 13
“Theories posit that mindfulness could disrupt unsustainable habits by reducing automatic responses and emotional reactivity as well as by enhancing the congruence between values and behaviors, thereby fostering proenvironmental behavior 17–22 .”
Boosting stress resilience using flexibility as a framework to reduce depression risk
Madison, A. A. (2021) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100357 · Cited by 13
Pommy, J. M., Smart, C. M., Bryant, A. M., & Wang, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1207012 · Cited by 11
“More specifically, the first study reported decreased activity in amygdala for positive relative to neutral stimuli (no difference for negative relative to neutral) and increased functional connectivity between amygdala and prefrontal cortex during processing of positive or negative emotional stimuli (relative to neut…”
BackgroundA Systematic Review of Pain-Related Neural Processes in Expert and Novice Meditator
Wang, M. Y., Bailey, N. W., Payne, J. E., Fitzgerald, P. B., & Fitzgibbon, B. M. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01558-5 · Cited by 12
Ito, Y., Browne, C. A., & Yamamoto, K. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01888-6 · Cited by 10
一方面, 不., & Hong, Z. (2022) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2023.00274 · Cited by 9
“…内在感受能力的提升对降低个体冲动性驱动力量起到了重要作用。 3 正念训练对冲动性控制因素的影响 相较于情感冲动性加工，认知控制加工发生于个体信息加工的相对后期，是一种自上而 下、需要消耗一定认知资源的加工过程。在双加工模型中，个体动作或认知冲动性更多受这 一过程的调节(Leshem, 2016)。不论青少年还是极端冲动的成年人情感系统功能如何，若认 知控制系统功能不够强大，都可能会因为非情感性的执行控制加工缺陷而出现冲动行为。正 念训练提升个体的觉察与专注水平，不仅减弱受反应抑制影响的动作冲动，而且降低与认知…”
Stress Management Interventions Among U.S. High School Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis
Ng, T. J., Ling, J., Robbins, L. B., & Kao, T. A. (2023) · Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association · doi:10.1177/10783903231161608 · Cited by 15
“These results are consistent with a previous study showing that long-duration mindfulness-based interventions had better effects than short-term interventions (4,281 hr vs. 8 hr; Kral et al., 2018).”
ResultCountering Climate Fear with Mindfulness: A Framework for Sustainable Behavioral Change
Poonamallee, L. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17146472 · Cited by 13
Daniela Calvetti, A., Johnson, B., Pascarella, A., Pitolli, F., Somersalo, E., & Vantaggi, B. (2021) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/s10548-021-00874-w · Cited by 11
Soriano, J. R., de, E. B. M., Karaiskou, A.-Ι., Vuyst, H.-J. D., Rodriguez‐Larios, J., Feng, N., Varon, C., & Alaerts, K. (2024) · NeuroRegulation · doi:10.15540/nr.11.3.230 · Cited by 8
Mindfulness as a Way of Reducing Automatic Constraints on Thought
Kalina Christoff, A. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.001 · Cited by 8
Molina, E., Gould, N. F., Lee, K., Krimins, R. A., Hardenbergh, D., & Timlin, H. (2022) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/09612033221122980 · Cited by 8
Mathersul, D. C., Eising, C. M., DeSouza, D. D., Spiegel, D., & Bayley, P. J. (2020) · Global Advances in Health and Medicine · doi:10.1177/2164956120922812 · Cited by 9
“Increased amygdala-DMN/amygdala-SN connectivity in the yoga group was associated with—and predicted—short- and long-term improvements in self-reported ANS function, consistent with past observations during mindfulness practice.(58,59) Although missing data precluded analyses for the CBT group, previous findings for CB…”
ResultDiminished Age-Related Decline of the Amygdala in Long-Term Meditation Practitioners
Eileen Luders, A., Jain, F. A., & Kurth, F. (2021) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000913 · Cited by 8
Medina, S., O’Daly, O., Howard, M. A., Feliu‐Soler, A., & Luciano, J. V. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01806-2 · Cited by 8
“, 2012), our data suggests that its role in modulating clinical improvement concerns mainly automatic anxiety/stress regulation; speculatively, this regulation may occur via a reorganization of the connectivity with other areas, such as the ventromedial prefrontal cortex due to changes in cognitive control (Kral et al…”
BackgroundCheron, G. A., Ristori, D., Petieau, M., Simar, C., Zarka, D., & Cebolla, A.-M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.792872 · Cited by 8
Duesman, S. J., Shetty, S., Patel, S., Ogale, N., Mohamed, F., Sparman, N. Z. R., Rajbhandari, P., & Rajbhandari, A. K. (2022) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.995573 · Cited by 9
“Locus coeruleus (LC) coordinates stress-associated adaptive/maladaptive arousal (alertness via enhanced blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing), “fight-or flight-or freeze” defensive responses, and energy metabolism (Aston-Jones et al., 1999; Aston-Jones and Cohen, 2005; Jovanovic et al., 2010; Fullana et al., 2016…”
BackgroundPattyn, N., Beech, D., Wilhelmsson, J., Kilding, H., & Mendrek, A. (2024) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003378969-7 · Cited by 11
Melchior, M. D. O., Magri, L. V., Díaz‐Serrano, K. V., Júnior, E. B. C., Fregni, F., Pacheco‐Barrios, K., Lacchini, R., Leite‐Panissi, C. R. A., & Gherardi‐Donato, E. C. D. S. (2025) · Journal of Oral Rehabilitation · doi:10.1111/joor.70028 · Cited by 7
“However, it is also possible that the BPI-B instrument was not sufficiently sensitive to detect subtle variations in pain intensity and interference in this sample [24].”
InfluentialIntervención basada en atención plena compasiva en estudiantes de música con sintomatología ansiosa
Cortés-Hernández, N. L., González‐Santoyo, I., Tello, A. L., & Moreno-Coutiño, A. B. (2022) · Psicología y Salud · doi:10.25009/pys.v33i1.2779 · Cited by 7
Are You Distracted by Pleasure? Practice Mindfulness Meditation
Lodha, S., & Gupta, R. (2023) · Journal of Cognitive Enhancement · doi:10.1007/s41465-023-00257-y · Cited by 7
ENIGMA-Meditation: Worldwide Consortium for Neuroscientific Investigations of Meditation Practices
Ganesan, S., Barrios, F. A., Batta, I., Bauer, C. C. C., Braver, T. S., Brewer, J. A., Brown, K. W., Cahn, B. R., Cain, J. A., Calhoun, V. D., et al. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.10.015 · Cited by 7
“Neural correlates of MI-related improvements among healthy individuals in memory (54) and executive functioning (55), emotion regulation and reactivity (56,57), and pain perception (58) are widely associated with dissociable activation and FC changes within the DMN, SN, and/or CEN, as well as the…”
Self-citationMogyorósy-Révész, Z. (2019) · Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika · doi:10.1556/0406.20.2019.007 · Cited by 9
Poudel, R., Tobia, M. J., Riedel, M. C., Salo, T., Flannery, J. S., Hill-Bowen, L. D., Dick, A. S., Laird, A. R., Parra, C. M., & Sutherland, M. T. (2022) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113867 · Cited by 7
Wexler, R. S., Fox, D. J., Edmond, H., Lemau, J., ZuZero, D., Bollen, M., Montenegro, D., Parikshak, A., Thompson, A. R., Carlson, N. L., et al. (2022) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2022.100962 · Cited by 7
“for the relationship between mindfulness practice and self-reported pain include decreases in reactivity of immune and supraspinal pathways within and between the amygdala [29], pro-inflammatory cytokines [30], thalamus, and periaqueductal gray matter [31].”
BackgroundEl cerebro del meditador de atención plena: de la prospección a la tarea
Lopez, M. A. P., Zuluaga, J. J. L., Andrade, M. J. N., & Becerra-Hernández, L. V. (2021) · Universitas Médica · doi:10.11144/javeriana.umed62-4.brai · Cited by 7
Oliveira, J. P. T., do Carmo, S. G., Aragão, B. D. A., Cunha, J., & Botelho, P. B. (2023) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2023.111972 · Cited by 7
Wang, R., Zhu, L., Liu, X., Li, T., Gao, J.-Y., Li, H.-J., Lu, Y., Zhang, Y.-F., Li, Y.-B., & Lu, T. (2023) · Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jtcms.2023.06.008 · Cited by 5
Shift in Valence Bias Associated with Decrease in Trait Anxiety and Depression Symptoms
Harp, N. R., Blair, J., & Neta, M. (2023) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-023-10437-x · Cited by 7
“For instance, MBSR dampens amygdala reactivity and strengthens the coupling of amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, perhaps facilitat - ing more effective automatic emotion regulation (Kral et al., 2018 ).”
Roychowdhury, D. (2021) · Asian Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ajsep.2021.09.004 · Cited by 8
Lakkireddy, D. (2020) · Journal of Atrial Fibrillation · doi:10.4022/jafib.2314 · Cited by 7
Xueke, W., & Tingyong, F. (2023) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2023.02106 · Cited by 7
Shirazi, A., Brody, A. L., Soltani, M., & Lang, A. J. (2024) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/15598276241300475 · Cited by 6
Long-term mindfulness meditation increases occurrence of sensory and attention brain states
Panitz, D. Y., Mendelsohn, A., Cabral, J., & Berkovich‐Ohana, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2024.1482353 · Cited by 11
Kim, M., Park, J. Y., Park, S., Chung, K., Cho, H. Y., Do, G., & Jhung, K. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/75630 · Cited by 9
“In particular, long-term meditators have been shown to have different brain connectivity and amygdala activation levels in response to emotional stimuli compared to those engaging in mindfulness training for the first time [67,68].”
Lv, N., Hallihan, H., Xiao, L., Williams, L. M., Ajilore, O., & Ma, J. (2023) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.022 · Cited by 6
Liu, P., Liu, N., Jia, G., Li, H., Wang, Y., Liu, L., Niu, H., & Qian, Q. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02178-5 · Cited by 6
He, Y., Ge, L., Yuan, J., Wang, Y., Zheng, D., Rui, A., Song, J., Hu, L., & Wei, G. (2024) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14573 · Cited by 7
Cummins, D. D., Schulman, Z., Maher, C., Tortolero, L., Saad, A. E., Martinez, L. N., Davidson, R. J., Marcuse, L. V., Sáez, I., & Panov, F. E. (2024) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.110150 · Cited by 5
Self-citationChicoma, M. D. P. M., & Santisteban, B. F. (2023) · Revista Psicológica Herediana · doi:10.20453/rph.v15i2.4413 · Cited by 8
Yang, Y., Su, F., Liu, H., & Li, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1071078 · Cited by 6
“Third, some studies have indicated the cognitive changes in brain signals such as N2 and P3 amplitudes, and amygdala activity during mindfulness meditation (Atchley et al., 2016; Kral et al., 2018; Klee et al., 2020), which also awaits subsequent cognitive neuroscience and communication research.”
BackgroundArt psychotherapy and public health
Virago, M.-C. (2021) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2021.05.020 · Cited by 6
King, B. G., Conklin, Q. A., Zanesco, A. P., & Saron, C. D. (2018) · MindRxiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31231/osf.io/xsd92 · Cited by 7
Salicru, S. (2024) · Spiritual Psychology and Counseling · doi:10.37898/spiritualpc.1574613 · Cited by 9
Association of visual conscious experience vividness with human cardiopulmonary function
Sun, Y., Xue, X., Li, Z., Ma, H., & Zhang, D. (2023) · Stress and Brain · doi:10.26599/sab.2022.9060033 · Cited by 5
Takotsubo Syndrome: The Enigma of Women’s Depressed Heart – A State-of-the-Art Review
Lisci, F. M., Mazza, M., Brisi, C., Gaetani, E., Pola, R., Romagnoli, E., Biondi‐Zoccai, G., & Marano, G. (2025) · Heart and Mind · doi:10.4103/hm.hm-d-24-00081 · Cited by 5
Marocco, S., Vitale, V., Grossi, E., Presaghi, F., & Talamo, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1637669 · Cited by 5
Wang, Y., Lin, H., Wang, L., Cao, J., Zheng, D., & Zhu, J. (2021) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2021/3751585 · Cited by 5
RetractedPrather, J. G., Baughman, B., Alexandrov, A. W., & Stanfill, A. G. (2022) · Holistic Nursing Practice · doi:10.1097/hnp.0000000000000500 · Cited by 5
Herschel, E., Hennessy, S., Cahn, B. R., Goldsworthy, R. L., & Habibi, A. (2022) · Music & Science · doi:10.1177/20592043221140524 · Cited by 7
“In individuals across the lifespan, participation in as few as three sessions of mindfulness leads to improved life satisfaction and reduced distress (Harnett et al., 2010), and the standard 7- or 8-week long MBSR training can lead to improved emotion regulation (Kral et al., 2018).”
BackgroundLaubacher, C. M., Kral, T. R. A., Imhoff‐Smith, T., Klaus, D. R., Goldman, R. I., Sachs, J., Davidson, R. J., Busse, W. W., & Rosenkranz, M. A. (2023) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2023.10.026 · Cited by 6
“After mindfulness training in healthy individuals, the insula and the ACC show greater activation during meditation states and while attending to both positive and negative emotions (Fox et al., 2016; Gotink et al., 2016; Kral et al., 2018; Young et al., 2018).”
BackgroundSelf-citationLi, X., Gao, W. D., Yu, J., Mao, Y., Gu, H., Li, F., & Ren, D. (2024) · Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría · doi:10.62641/aep.v52i2.1600 · Cited by 5
“[24] found that mindfulness meditation training may improve affective responses by reducing amygdala reactivity, and the enhanced amygdala-ventromedial prefrontal cortex connectivity during affective stimuli may reflect the underlying mechanism for the beneficial effects of this treatment on…”
BackgroundMindful Meditation: A Potential Effective Therapeutic in Clinical Practice
Cho, K. (2024) · Science Insights · doi:10.15354/si.24.re1026 · Cited by 5
Soriano, J. R., Rodriguez‐Larios, J., Varon, C., Castellanos, N. P., & Alaerts, K. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02431-5 · Cited by 5
“Furthermore, several studies have also shown mindfulness practices to result in down-regulation of stress reactivity (Goldin & Gross, 2010; Gotink et al., 2016; Kral et al., 2018), reductions in established physiological markers of stress including heart rate (Bortolla et al.”
Extrahepatic spread of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Cabibbo, G., Compilato, D., Genco, C., & Campisi, G. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 4
Otani, A. (2020) · American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00029157.2020.1765726 · Cited by 5
“the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex (Kral et al., 2018).”
BackgroundRuther, S., Jackson, E., & vanSonnenberg, E. (2025) · European Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2025.112619 · Cited by 4
Yu, J., Nien, J., Chu, M.-Y., Yang, Y.-Z., Ko, Y.-C., Chen, Y.-H., Chen, N., & Chang, Y. (2026) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2026.103080 · Cited by 6
Remodeling the Epigenome Through Meditation: Effects on Brain, Body, and Well-being
Venditti, S. (2025) · Sub-cellular biochemistry/Subcellular biochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-75980-2_7 · Cited by 5
Yang, T., Wang, Y., Xu, P., & Tao, Y. (2025) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-025-06790-3 · Cited by 4
“However, the neural mechanisms underlying these emotional changes remain largely unex - plored (Kral et al., 2018 ).”
Pacheco, A., Figueiredo, T. R., ARTIFON, J. P. M., Ribeiro, J. L. D. C., Santos, L. C., Soares, L. A., Valentim, M. E. Z., Gambaroto, R. L., Silva, M. E. D. S. E., & Magno, L. A. V. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02639-z · Cited by 4
“…demonstrated the efficacy of meditation programs in alleviating symptoms of depression, anxiety, and perceived stress (Cloonan et al., 2023; Goyal et al., 2014; Gross et al., 2009; Joshi et al., 2022; Kral et al., 2018; Ogino et al., 2024; Tang et al., 2015; Yang et al., 2016; Zeidan et al., 2013).”
Cornforth, E., & Schramm, K. (2021) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101387 · Cited by 4
Gasión, V., Barceló‐Soler, A., Beltrán-Ruiz, M., Hijar-Aguinaga, R., Camarero-Grados, L., del Hoyo, Y. L., García‐Campayo, J., & Montero‐Marín, J. (2023) · BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12906-023-04240-0 · Cited by 5
“Mindfulness can also directly increase positive states of arousal [37–39].”
BackgroundMindfulness and clinical correlates in methamphetamine use disorder
Jarrett, O., London, E., Mahmoudie, T., Suh, J., Ghahremani, D., & Dean, A. C. (2023) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.111029 · Cited by 4
“…the impact of mindfulness meditation on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli by comparing lifetime meditators (an average of 9081 h of lifetime practice), short-term meditators (participants in an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction course), and a control group (Kral et al., 2018 Nov 1).”
Hsu, A., Wu, C., Ng, H. H., Chuang, C., Huang, C., Wu, C. W., & Chao, Y. (2024) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108446 · Cited by 4
Elsaafien, K., Kirchner, M. K., Scott, K. A., Spector, E. A., Mowry, F. E., Sumners, C., Stern, J. E., de Kloet, A. D., & Krause, E. G. (2025) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1482-24.2025 · Cited by 3
Kavi, P. C., Zamora‐López, G., Friedman, D., & Patow, G. (2025) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e27050459 · Cited by 5
Pathways of Conversion: From Buddhist Practice to Emotion Regulation Mechanisms
Xing, W. (2025) · Studies on Religion and Philosophy · doi:10.71204/a4d18y59 · Cited by 3
“…studies of long-term meditators reveal enhanced functional connectivity within frontoparietal attentional networks and strengthened prefrontal inhibitory control over limbic regions (e.g., amygdala), which correlates with reduced reactivity to negative stimuli (Kral et al, 2018; Kral et al., 2022).”
Candidate Targets for Resilience Training to Reduce Transdiagnostic Risk for Mental Illness
Holt, D. J., Sussman, R. F., Johnson, D., Vinke, L. N., Berman, T., Zimmerman, J., Utter, L., Burke, A., & DeTore, N. R. (2025) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaf072 · Cited by 3
“…occurring in the present, in a non-judgmental, accepting, non-reactive manner 44 , has been associated with reductions in physiological responses to stress 45–47 and emotion reactivity 46,48,49 , and with related reductions in depression, anxiety, and distress associated with chronic pain 50–54 .”
Liao, M., Wang, H., Liu, Z., & Hu, E. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1606045 · Cited by 3
Segovia, S. (2019) · Revista de Investigación y Educación en Ciencias de la Salud (RIECS) · doi:10.37536/riecs.2019.4.s1.126 · Cited by 3
Millrod, E. (2020) · American Journal of Dance Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10465-020-09323-w · Cited by 3
Mindfulness as an intervention after multisystem trauma
Clement, E., Murphy, P., Lee, A. S. Y., Ericson, A. D., Gratton, C., Clements, T. W., Ryan, J. F., Kim, M. J., Ball, C. G., & Widder, S. L. (2020) · Trauma · doi:10.1177/1460408620961014 · Cited by 3
Xu, X.-P., Wang, W., Wan, S., & Xiao, C. (2022) · World Journal of Clinical Cases · doi:10.12998/wjcc.v10.i26.9219 · Cited by 3
Intervention strategies for health rumors: An overview based on the information lifecycle theory
Lyu, X., Xin, L. I. U., Tingting, Y. A. N. G., & Fu, C. (2024) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2024.00664 · Cited by 3
The Science of Mindfulness: Research and Benefits
Chand, R., & Sazima, G. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-66166-2_3 · Cited by 3
Tu, Z., Ma, Y., Shang, H., Zhao, S., Xue, B., Qu, Y., Chen, J., Li, Y., Hu, J., Gao, F., et al. (2024) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-024-02029-4 · Cited by 3
Barry, T. J., Hernández‐Viadel, J. V., & Ricarte, J. J. (2020) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1007/s41811-020-00071-w · Cited by 3
Long-Term Vipassana Meditation Enhances Executive Function in Adult Meditators
Lukseng, T. (2020) · Siriraj Medical Journal/San Sirirat · doi:10.33192/smj.2020.47 · Cited by 3
Haruki, Y., Yang, Y., Suzuki, K., Imamizu, H., & Ogawa, K. (2025) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag.a.142 · Cited by 2
“We next focused on an ROI analysis in the bilateral amygdala and insula, given its established role in emotional pro-10 cessing and its potential modulation by attentional or mindfulness-based interventions ( Doll et al., 2016; Kral et al., 2018; Lutz et al., 2014).”
Optimizing Otolaryngology Training Through Sports Psychology—The Mental Game
Palmer, W. J., Bertoni, D., Thal, A. G., Cottrill, E. E., & Huntley, C. T. (2025) · JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2025.2896 · Cited by 2
How does mindfulness reduce unethical behavior? Insights from the dual-system theory
Ming, X., Fu, J., Bai, X., & Jianfeng, Y. A. N. G. (2023) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2023.01785 · Cited by 2
Zhu, L., Xie, Y.-H., Tan, H., Wang, L., Zhou, R.-Y., Xiao, Y.-N., Liu, C. X., Peng, L.-J., Yang, X.-L., Qu, Y.-J., et al. (2023) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2023.104418 · Cited by 3
The effect of emotion recognition and mindfulness on depression symptoms: A case–control study
Aydın, O., Tvrtković, S., Çakıroğlu, E., Ünal‐Aydın, P., & Danacı, A. E. (2023) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12992 · Cited by 4
Physiological effects of Meditation (Dhyana): A short review of study results from the past 5 years
Jayswal, A. (2024) · Journal of Research in Ayurvedic Sciences · doi:10.4103/jras.jras_249_23 · Cited by 2
The Brave New World of the Neoliberal Market: Mindfulness as a VIP Product (or Not)?
Yavuz, M., & Çeviker, G. (2024) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s2051-233320240000010006 · Cited by 2
Associations between mindfulness and non-restorative sleep: the roles of resilience and handgrip
Li, S.-H., Jiang, Y., Shen, Z., Liao, Y., Zeng, Y.-H., & Ye, Z.-J. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1476197 · Cited by 2
Pons, E., Galante, J., Dam, N. T. V., & Lindner, A. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-51014-y · Cited by 2
“Some overlap may be expected in regions involved in body representation, such as the temporoparietal junction 45 , as well as in limbic structures such as the amygdala, whose reactivity to emotional stimuli has been found decreased both in DPDR 46,47 and meditators 48 .”
Guillén, J. M. B. (2019) · Annals of Psychiatry and Treatment · doi:10.17352/apt.000010 · Cited by 2
“It has been suggested that heightened amygdala-VMPFC connectivity during affective stimuli may refl ect a potential mechanism where MBSR exerts salutary effects on emotion regulation ability [60].”
BackgroundSavanth, A. S., Vijaya, P., Nair, A. K., & Kutty, B. M. (2022) · International Journal of Yoga · doi:10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_17_22 · Cited by 2
“[34] An automatic emotion regulation task was used to study the amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli in long-and short-term meditators of the mindfulness meditation technique.[35] Our study is unique in the sense that task-based functional connectivity is differentiated between long-term and short-term Rajayoga me…”
MethodPanitz, D. Y., Mendelsohn, A., Cabral, J., & Berkovich‐Ohana, A. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3038477/v1 · Cited by 2
Die neuronale Basis von Meditation und Achtsamkeit im Bildungskontext
Michaelsen, M. M., & Esch, T. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-30832-2_5 · Cited by 2
Self-Care and Quality of Life: Associated Factors Among MSW Students
Nicotera, N., Park, I. Y., Call, J., & Steward, A. T. (2023) · Journal of Teaching in Social Work · doi:10.1080/08841233.2023.2263888 · Cited by 1
“Neuroscience also suggests that mindfulness fosters emotion regulation which is an important quality for managing reactivity and stress (Kral et al., 2018), both of which are intended outcomes of self-care.”
Lyon, A. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198843757.003.0009 · Cited by 1
Öztürk, Ş., & Alagöz, E. (2024) · Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services · doi:10.3928/02793695-20240828-03 · Cited by 3
The Effectiveness of the Headspace App for Improving Sleep: Randomized Controlled Trial
Torok, Z. A., Gavrilova, L., Patel, A., & Zawadzki, M. J. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/56287 · Cited by 2
“It has been shown that 8 weeks, but not 4 weeks, of meditation is needed to see benefits in sleep quality and mood [52].”
Jain, D., Verma, V., Parashar, N., Kiran, U., Satija, A., Upadhyay, B., Narula, A., & Singh, P. (2025) · Mental Health & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.mhp.2025.200441 · Cited by 1
Mindfulness, Emotion Regulation, and Links to Behavioral Health
Heppner, W. L., & Spears, C. A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-91451-5_11 · Cited by 1
Chen, Y., Lin, X. J., & Ye, X. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1696674 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Kral, T. R. A., Schuyler, B. S., Mumford, J. A., Rosenkranz, M. A., Lutz, A., & Davidson, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Corresponding author
- Davidson, Richard J.
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-11
- Volume
- 181
- Pages
- 301-313
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6671286
- OpenAlex
- W2857478301
- Cited by
- 326
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 28.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (P01AT004952)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P30 HD003352-449015)
- John Templeton Foundation (21337)
- Fetzer Institute (2407)
- Engineering Research Centers (617739 – BRAIN, T32GM007507)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32MH018931)
- National Institute of Mental Health (P50- MH084051, R01-MH43454)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Keywords
- mindfulness meditation, amygdala reactivity, emotional stimuli, mindfulness-based stress reduction, long-term meditators, emotion regulation, practice time
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Amygdala, Emotions, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Time Factors, Prefrontal Cortex, Meditation, Functional Neuroimaging, Connectome, Mindfulness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-07, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-07 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
