Cited by 1,231Visual perception and processing mechanismsFace Recognition and PerceptionVisual Attention and Saliency Detection

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Visual field maps in human cortex.

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Wandell, Brian A., Dumoulin, Serge O., Brewer, Alyssa A.·2007·Neuron

DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.10.012

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Abstract

Much of the visual cortex is organized into visual field maps: nearby neurons have receptive fields at nearby locations in the image. Mammalian species generally have multiple visual field maps with each species having similar, but not identical, maps. The introduction of functional magnetic resonance imaging made it possible to identify visual field maps in human cortex, including several near (1) medial occipital (V1,V2,V3), (2) lateral occipital (LO-1,LO-2, hMT+), (3) ventral occipital (hV4, VO-1, VO-2), (4) dorsal occipital (V3A, V3B), and (5) posterior parietal cortex (IPS-0 to IPS-4). Evidence is accumulating for additional maps, including some in the frontal lobe. Cortical maps are arranged into clusters in which several maps have parallel eccentricity representations, while the angular representations within a cluster alternate in visual field sign. Visual field maps have been linked to functional and perceptual properties of the visual system at various spatial scales, ranging from the level of individual maps to map clusters to dorsal-ventral streams. We survey recent measurements of human visual field maps, describe hypotheses about the function and relationships between maps, and consider methods to improve map measurements and characterize the response properties of neurons comprising these maps.

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“The ﬁst two regions are known to be involved in visual processing (e.g., Wandell et al., 2007) and Left culmen the last two have been associated with emotional processing (e.g., Etkin et. al., 2011).”
Background
Task-dependent enhancement of facial expression and identity representations in human cortex
Dobs, K., Schultz, J., Bülthoff, I., & Gardner, J. L. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.02.013 · Cited by 43
“In a separate scanning session, we mapped early visual cortex for each subject using standard topographic mapping methodology (Wandell et al., 2007; Gardner et al., 2008).”
Figure-Ground Modulation in the Human Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Is Distinguishable from Top-Down Attention
Poltoratski, S., Maier, A., Newton, A. T., & Tong, F. (2019) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.068 · Cited by 40
The role of neural tuning in quantity perception
Tsouli, A., Harvey, B. M., Hofstetter, S., Cai, Y., van der Smagt, M. J., Pas, S. F. T., & Dumoulin, S. O. (2021) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2021.10.004 · Cited by 39
Advances in spiral fMRI: A high-resolution study with single-shot acquisition
Kasper, L., Engel, M., Heinzle, J., Müller-Schrader, M., Graedel, N. N., Reber, J., Schmid, T., Barmet, C., Wilm, B. J., Stephan, K. E., et al. (2021) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118738 · Cited by 39
Neural structures and mechanisms involved in scene recognition: A review and interpretation
Sewards, T. V. (2010) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.11.018 · Cited by 40
Cerebral Asymmetry of fMRI-BOLD Responses to Visual Stimulation
Hougaard, A., Jensen, B. H., Amin, F. M., Rostrup, E., Hoffmann, M. B., & Ashina, M. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126477 · Cited by 41
“However, they are likely to be related to differential processing of information in the left and right hemifield, as many visual areas have been demonstrated to comprise a retinotopic map of the contralateral visual hemifield [30].”
Background
Attention maps in the brain
Somers, D. C., & Sheremata, S. (2013) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science · doi:10.1002/wcs.1230 · Cited by 41
Borders, map clusters, and supra-areal organization in visual cortex
Buckner, R. L., & Yeo, B. T. T. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.12.036 · Cited by 38
“Beyond the V1/V2/V3 cluster, additional candidate map clusters are located near the human homologue of the middle temporal (MT) visual area, V3A/V3B, the ventral occipital (VO) complex, and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) (Wandell et al., 2007)(Fig.”
Orientation Selectivity of Motion-Boundary Responses in Human Visual Cortex
Larsson, J. T., Heeger, D. J., & Landy, M. S. (2010) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00400.2010 · Cited by 38
Quantifying Agreement between Anatomical and Functional Interhemispheric Correspondences in the Resting Brain
Jo, H. J., Saad, Z. S., Gotts, S. J., Martin, A. D., & Cox, R. W. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048847 · Cited by 35
“Visual cortex in the depths of the calcarine sulcus in humans, shown here to exhibit fine-grained functional correspondency, is more involved in representing the horizontal meridian [66,67], potentially casting further doubt on the role of the callosum in mediating all of these functional relationships.”
Background
Differential patterns of 2D location versus depth decoding along the visual hierarchy
Finlayson, N. J., Zhang, X., & Golomb, J. D. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.039 · Cited by 38
“Both neurophysiology and functional neuroimaging studies have revealed a large number of regions in the brain sensitive to 2D visuo-spatial information: visual cortex is organized into topographic maps of 2D spatial location (Engel et al., 1994; Grill-Spector and Malach, 2004; Maunsell and Newsome, 1987; Sereno et al.…”
Visual Processing of Biological Motion in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An Event Related Potential-Study
Kröger, A., Hof, K., Krick, C. M., Siniatchkin, M., Jarczok, T. A., Freitag, C. M., & Bender, S. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088585 · Cited by 41
“The intraparietal sulcus which is located close to the dipole may also be indicated by the dipole, as it is involved in the detection of spatial relations [55,56] which is also important for biological motion detection.”
Background
Parkinson-Related Changes of Activation in Visuomotor Brain Regions during Perceived Forward Self-Motion
van der Hoorn, A., Renken, R. J., Leenders, K. L., & de Jong, B. M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0095861 · Cited by 38
“An additional argument that ‘change’-related activations predominantly occurred in the peripheral visual field can be concluded from the anterior calcarine activation, which topologically represents the peripheral field [97,98].”
Background
Neural Pathways Conveying Novisual Information to the Visual Cortex
Qin, W., & Yu, C. (2013) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2013/864920 · Cited by 43
“[2] B.”
Structure-function correlations in Retinitis Pigmentosa patients with partially preserved vision: a voxel-based morphometry study
Machado, A. R., Pereira, A. C., Ferreira, F. S., Ferreira, S., Quendera, B., Silva, E. D., & Castelo-Branco, M. S. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-11317-7 · Cited by 37
Population Dynamics of Early Visual Cortex during Working Memory
Rahmati, M., Saber, G. T., & Curtis, C. E. (2017) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01196 · Cited by 37
“Visual area boundaries were drawn on retinotopic maps based on standard conventions (Wandell et al., 2007; Larsson & Heeger, 2006).”
Method
fMRI of the rod scotoma elucidates cortical rod pathways and implications for lesion measurements
Barton, B., & Brewer, A. A. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1423673112 · Cited by 37
“Artificial, reversible scotomas caused by stabilization of the stimulus on the retina are transient and most effective in the periphery (38), making them difficult to measure in early visual areas with fMRI because of the comparatively slow temporal resolution of fMRI and the relatively smaller amount of cortex devote…”
Background
Differing effects of attention in single-units and populations are well predicted by heterogeneous tuning and the normalization model of attention
Hara, Y., Pestilli, F., & Gardner, J. L. (2014) · Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncom.2014.00012 · Cited by 36
“In interleaved trials, the cues could point to one, two or four of the locations.”
BackgroundMethod
Representation of Naturalistic Image Structure in the Primate Visual CortexPreprint
Movshon, J. A., & Simoncelli, E. P. (2014) · Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology · doi:10.1101/sqb.2014.79.024844 · Cited by 37
“We render the responses on a flattened map of the posterior pole of the cortex in a representative subject; the marked borders between visual areas were established in earlier topographic mapping studies using standard techniques (Wandell et al. 2007; Gardner et al. 2008).”
Continuous mapping of the cortical object vision pathway using traveling waves in object space
Goesaert, E., & de Beeck, H. O. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.11.036 · Cited by 36
Retinotopic Patterns of Correlated Fluctuations in Visual Cortex Reflect the Dynamics of Spontaneous Perceptual Suppression
Donner, T. H., Sagi, D., Bonneh, Y. S., & Heeger, D. J. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3388-12.2013 · Cited by 36
“Retinotopic maps in human visual cortex were measured using standard procedures (Wandell et al., 2007) to identify visual field maps corresponding to V1, V2, V3, and V4 in each individual subject following the conventions of Wandell et al. (Wandell et al., 2007).”
Method
Human primary visual cortex (V1) is selective for second-order spatial frequency
Hallum, L. E., Landy, M. S., & Heeger, D. J. (2011) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.01007.2010 · Cited by 35
Visual Mapping Using Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
DeYoe, E. A., & Raut, R. V. (2014) · Neuroimaging Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.nic.2014.08.001 · Cited by 38
An illusion predicted by V1 population activity implicates cortical topography in shape perception
Michel, M. M., Chen, Y., Geisler, W. S., & Seidemann, E. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3517 · Cited by 35
The visual cortex and visual cognition in Huntington’s disease: An overview of current literature
Coppen, E. M., van der Grond, J., Hart, E. P., Lakke, E. A. J. F., & Roos, R. A. C. (2018) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2018.05.019 · Cited by 37
“Visual field mapping using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) showed that approximately 20–30% of the human brain is directly or indirectly involved in visual processing [3,4].”
Real-time decoding of the direction of covert visuospatial attention
Andersson, P. U., Ramsey, N. F., Raemaekers, M. A. H., Viergever, M. A., & Pluim, J. P. W. (2012) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/9/4/045004 · Cited by 38
Real-Time Decoding of Brain Responses to Visuospatial Attention Using 7T fMRI
Andersson, P. U., Pluim, J. P. W., Siero, J. C. W., Klein, S., Viergever, M. A., & Ramsey, N. F. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027638 · Cited by 38
“Topography of the visual field on the visual cortex has been elucidated in great detail [57].”
Background
Neural correlates of psychotic-like experiences during spiritual-trance state
Mainieri, A. G., Peres, J. F. P., Moreira-Almeida, A., Mathiak, K., Habel, U., & Kohn, N. (2017) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.06.006 · Cited by 35
The Conceptual Format Debate and the Challenge from (Global) Supramodality
Calzavarini, F. (2021) · The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1086/717564 · Cited by 39
Neuroimaging evidence supporting a dual-network architecture for the control of visuospatial attention in the human brain: a mini review
Tosoni, A., Capotosto, P., Baldassarre, A., Spadone, S., & Sestieri, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2023.1250096 · Cited by 38
“Stimulus location and behavioral relevance in the DAN are coded within several retinotopic maps (Wandell et al., 2007; Silver and Kastner, 2009), updated by either endogenous or exogenous information (Kincade et al.”
Visual Field Map Organization in Human Visual Cortex
Alyssa, A., & Barto, B. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/51914 · Cited by 36
“(and visual space) are also adjacent in cortex [12].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Cytoarchitectonic mapping of attentional selection and reorienting in parietal cortex
Gillebert, C. R., Mantini, D., Peeters, R. R., Dupont, P. J., & Vandenberghe, R. R. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.11.026 · Cited by 39
“Posterior IPS, also called IPS0 or IPS1, contains retinotopic representations of left and right visual field (Silver et al., 2005; Silver and Kastner, 2009; Swisher et al., 2007; Wandell et al., 2007).”
The case for primate V3
Lyon, D. C., & Connolly, J. D. (2011) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.2048 · Cited by 35
Mapping the visual brain areas susceptible to phosphene induction through brain stimulation
Schaeffner, L. F., & Welchman, A. E. (2016) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-016-4784-4 · Cited by 35
“The borders between functional areas were defined by the resulting angular maps (Wandell et al. 2007).”
Background
Exploring structure and function of sensory cortex with 7 T MRI
Schluppeck, D., Sánchez-Panchuelo, R.-M., & Francis, S. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.081 · Cited by 33
Structural reorganization of the early visual cortex following Braille training in sighted adults
Bola, Ł., Siuda-Krzywicka, K., Paplińska, M., Sumera, E., Zimmermann, M., Jednoróg, K., Marchewka, A., & Marcin Szwed, A. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-17738-8 · Cited by 36
Time course of spatiotopic updating across saccades
Fabius, J., Fracasso, A., Nijboer, T., & van der Stigchel, S. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.1812210116 · Cited by 33
“However, given that the visual system is largely retinotopically organized (7), saccades repeatedly create temporal discontinuities and spatial instabilities in the retinotopic representations, posing a problem for continuity in visual processing.”
Background
Graded Size Sensitivity of Object-Exemplar–Evoked Activity Patterns Within Human LOC Subregions
Eger, E., Kell, C. A., & Kleinschmidt, A. K. (2008) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.90305.2008 · Cited by 34
The impact of virtual agents’ multimodal communication on brain activity and cognitive load in Virtual Reality
Chang, Z., Bai, H., Zhang, L., Gupta, K., He, W., & Billinghurst, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2022.995090 · Cited by 35
“…lobe was proved to be related to selective attention (Behrmann et al., 2004) and occipital lobe was thought to be in charge of visual processing (Wandell et al., 2007), we expected to re ﬂ ect this type of cognitive load with the signals captured from P3, P4, and Pz EEG sites located at…”

Authors: Wandell, B. A., Dumoulin, S. O., & Brewer, A. A.
Affiliations: Stanford University (US)
University of California, Irvine (US)
Corresponding author: Wandell, Brian A.
ORCID: Wandell, Brian A.
Dumoulin, Serge O.
Brewer, Alyssa A.
Venue: Neuron
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2007-10
Volume: 56
Issue: 2
Pages: 366-383
ISSN: 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.10.012
OpenAlex: W2141073321
Cited by: 1,231
References: 179
Citations by year: 2026: 73 · 2025: 83 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 97 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 80 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 67 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 68 · 2013: 79 · 2012: 60
FWCI: 2.51
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 2152 d)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
Locations: Neuron (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Larry L. Hillblom Foundation
National Eye Institute (RO1 EY03164)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
Keywords: visual field maps, receptive fields, human visual cortex, lateral occipital cortex, posterior parietal cortex, functional MRI, visual system organization
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain Mapping, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Models, Anatomic, Models, Neurological, Visual Cortex, Visual Fields

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Visual field maps in human cortex.

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