The DOI matches its Crossref record; 72 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Coherent Theta Oscillations and Reorganization of Spike Timing in the Hippocampal- Prefrontal Network upon Learning
Open accessAbstract
To study the interplay between hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (Pfc) and its importance for learning and memory consolidation, we measured the coherence in theta oscillations between these two structures in rats learning new rules on a Y maze. Coherence peaked at the choice point, most strongly after task rule acquisition. Simultaneously, Pfc pyramidal neurons reorganized their phase, concentrating at hippocampal theta trough, and synchronous cell assemblies emerged. This synchronous state may result from increased inhibition exerted by interneurons on pyramidal cells, as measured by cross-correlation, and could be modulated by dopamine: we found similar hippocampal-Pfc theta coherence increases and neuronal phase shifts following local administration of dopamine in Pfc of anesthetized rats. Pfc cell assemblies emerging during high coherence were preferentially replayed during subsequent sleep, concurrent with hippocampal sharp waves. Thus, hippocampal/prefrontal coherence could lead to synchronization of reward predicting activity in prefrontal networks, tagging it for subsequent memory consolidation.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In rats, prefrontal cell assemblies that fired during learning when EEG theta coherence between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus was increased showed a distinctly increased probability to be reactivated during subsequent SWS (73).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [73]
In the citing paper
“the theta coherence between the PFC and hippocampus was increased, especially after rats had learned how to reliably procure food”
From The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: Behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties (2020) · cites this paper as Benchenane et al., 2010
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Hebb, D. O. (2005) · doi:10.4324/9781410612403 · Cited by 9,825
A neural substrate of prediction and reward
Schultz, W., Dayan, P., & Montague, P. R. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.275.5306.1593 · Cited by 9,388
Distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex
Felleman, D. J., & Van Essen, D. C. (1991) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/1.1.1 · Cited by 7,783
indicated, N. A. (1950) · Journal of Consulting Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0049612 · Cited by 6,984
McClelland, J. L., McNaughton, B. L., & O'Reilly, R. C. (1995) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.102.3.419 · Cited by 5,256
The brainweb: phase synchronization and large-scale integration
Varela, F., Lachaux, J.-P., Rodriguez, E., & Martinerie, J. (2001) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35067550 · Cited by 4,761
Bi, G.-Q., & Poo, M.-M. (1998) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-24-10464.1998 · Cited by 4,744
A mechanism for cognitive dynamics: neuronal communication through neuronal coherence.
Fries, P. (2005) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.08.011 · Cited by 4,284
Regulation of Synaptic Efficacy by Coincidence of Postsynaptic APs and EPSPs
Markram, H., Lübke, J., Frotscher, M., & Sakmann, B. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.275.5297.213 · Cited by 3,832
Dynamic predictions: Oscillations and synchrony in top–down processing
Engel, A. K., Fries, P., & Singer, W. (2001) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35094565 · Cited by 3,454
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 73 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 869
Comparative Tasks for Comparative Neurophysiology
Mattfeld, A. T. (2022) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-2631-3_9 · Cited by 1
Hippocampal dysfunction underlies delusions of control in schizophrenia
Szymanski, H. V. (2023) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2023.111043 · Cited by 1
Darden, C. B., Marks, M. D., & Kesner, A. J. (2025) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2025.11.001 · Cited by 1
Mercado, E. (2015) · AIMS neuroscience · doi:10.3934/neuroscience.2015.1.28 · Cited by 1
Hippocampal neural firing dynamics during sleep
Grosmark, A. (2014) · doi:10.7282/t3k072j1 · Cited by 1
Integration of Spiking Neural Networks for Understanding Interval Timing
Lusk, N. A. (2019) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.89781 · Cited by 1
Li, S., Wen, X., Sang, H., & Xu, G. (2018) · PubMed Central · doi:10.7507/1001-5515.201806004 · Cited by 1
Li, P., Huang, Q., Ban, S., Qiao, Y., Wu, J., Zhai, Y., Du, X., Hua, F., & Su, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.735033 · Cited by 1
Borghini, G., Aricò, P., Flumeri, G. D., & Babiloni, F. (2017) · Biosystems & biorobotics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-58598-7_4 · Cited by 1
McAfee, S. S., Liu, Y., Sillitoe, R. V., & Heck, D. H. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/173849 · Cited by 1
Nguyen, R. (2018) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 1
Kurikawa, T., Mizuseki, K., & Fukai, T. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/804062 · Cited by 1
Cortical dynamics underlying social behavior in dominance hierarchy and spatial navigationPreprint
Lara-Vásquez, A., Espinosa, N., Morales, C., Moran, C., Billeke, P. B., Gallagher, J., Strohl, J. J., Huerta, P. T., & Fuentealba, P. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.06.12.147249 · Cited by 1
Chenani, A., Weston, G., Ulivi, A. F., Castello-Waldow, T. P., Chen, A., & Attardo, A. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.11.30.403972 · Cited by 1
Prefrontal, striatal, and VTA subnetwork dynamics during novelty and explorationPreprint
Dede, A. J. O., Marzban, N., Mishra, A., Reichert, R., Anderson, P., & Cohen, M. X. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.11.24.469851 · Cited by 1
Domanski, A. P. F., Kucewicz, M. T., Russo, E., Tricklebank, M. D., Robinson, E. S. J., Durstewitz, D., & Jones, M. W. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.12.20.473436 · Cited by 1
Srikanth, S., Le, D., Hu, Y., Leutgeb, J. K., & Leutgeb, S. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.12.22.473834 · Cited by 1
Using synchronized brain rhythms to bias memory-guided decisionsPreprint
Stout, J. J., George, A. E., Kim, S., Hallock, H. L., & Griffin, A. L. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.04.02.535279 · Cited by 1
Using synchronized brain rhythms to bias memory-guided decisionsPreprint
Stout, J. J., George, A. E., Kim, S., Hallock, H. L., & Griffin, A. L. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.92033.1 · Cited by 1
Rosenblum, H. L., Kim, S., Stout, J. J., Klintsova, A. Y., & Griffin, A. L. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.07.28.605480 · Cited by 1
Shimbo, A., Sekine, Y., Kashiwagi, S., & Fujisawa, S. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.11.10.622881 · Cited by 1
Yang, Z., Li, P., Chen, Y., Guo, X., Liu, P., Ni, G., Liu, S., Chen, L., & Ming, D. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.103901.1 · Cited by 1
Silverstein, S. E., Clarity, T. T., Deshpande, M. S., Vaughan, E., Novik, S., Yarur, H. E., Zhang, S., Tsai, V. S., Ye, R., Mikofsky, R. M., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.07.21.665987 · Cited by 1
Lim, H., Park, S., & Lee, I. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.10.05.680599 · Cited by 2
Hippocampus-reuniens beta coupling supports goal-directed spatial navigationPreprint
Baumann, T., Mei, H., & Eschenko, O. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.05.20.726518 · Cited by 2
Jahans-Price, T., Gorochowski, T. E., Wilson, M. A., Jones, M. W., & Bogacz, R. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00062 · Cited by 7
Jacinto, L., Reis, J. S., Dias, N. S., Cerqueira, J., Sousa, N., & Correia, J. H. (2013) · World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, September 7 - 12, 2009, Munich, Germany · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-29305-4_414
Electrophysiology of the rat medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala during behaviour
Magony, A. (2015) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)
Wiener, S. I. (2012) · La lettre du Collège de France · doi:10.4000/lettre-cdf.2572
White, D. (2013) · Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) · doi:10.25916/sut.26269438
Spike — LFP encoding working memory in rat
Li, S., & Tian, X. (2013) · International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering · doi:10.1109/ner.2013.6695949
Lo, L. (2015) · University Libraries (University of Maryland) · doi:10.13016/m2dt6x
Myroshnychenko, M., & Lapish, C. C. (2015) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-16-s1-p139
Prefrontal-thalamo-hippocampal circuit contributions to spatial working memory
Hallock, H. L. (2024) · Library, Museums and Press - UDSpace (University of Delaware) · doi:10.58088/91j6-wc29
Yin, P., Qiao, H., Wu, W. L., Qi, L., Li, Y., Zhong, S., & Zhang, B. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1603.07886
Long-Term Potentiation and Synchronization of Activity in Hippocampocortical Connections
Serkov, A. N., Lebedeva-Georgievskaya, K. B., & Майоров, В. И. (2016) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-016-0225-x
Roles of DA and 5-HT in Modulating Neural Oscillatory Synchronization
Zheng, C., & Zhang, T. (2016) · Advances in cognitive neurodynamics · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-0207-6_37
Task learning reveals neural signatures of internal models in rodent prefrontal cortexPreprint
Singh, A. K. (2017) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) · doi:10.1101/027102
Morrissey, M. D. (2011) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Yoon, J.-A. (2016) · OpenCommons - UConn (University of Connecticut)
Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l’Action
Wiener, S. I. (2012) · L’annuaire du Collège de France · doi:10.4000/annuaire-cdf.1733
Reinforcing Language Learning During Sleep
Schreiner, T., Lehmann, M., & Rasch, B. (2017) · Studies in neuroscience, psychology and behavioral economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45066-7_21
Neural Synchrony and Memory In and Out of Sleep
Benchenane, K., & Peyrache, A. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.21117-6 · Cited by 1
Riaz, S. (2016) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Memory Performance in Children with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Neocortical vs. Dual Pathologies
Korman, B. (2016) · NSUWorks (Nova Southeastern University)
Roy, A. T. (2017) · Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)
Looping Circuits: Amygdalar Function and Interaction with Other Brain Regions
Peterson, D. C. (2017) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/67836 · Cited by 2
Harper, B. (2017) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)
Parent, K. L. (2017) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)
An investigation of the neural circuitry of cued alcohol behaviors in P and Wistar rats
McCane, A. M. (2017) · Purdue e-Pubs (Purdue University System) · doi:10.7912/c2f36s
Chung, B. Y. T. (2018) · The Atrium (University of Guelph)
Albertin, S. V. (2018) · Российский физиологический журнал им И М Сеченова · doi:10.7868/s0869813918100015
Effects of Fragmentation of Visual Navigational Signals on the Orientation of Rats in a Radial Maze
Albertin, S. V. (2019) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-019-00770-8
Interaction between limbic circuits and basal ganglia in behaviour inhibition
Banstola, A. (2019) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)
Arbitrating between planning and habit in naturalistic environments
Mugan, U., & MacIver, M. A. (2019) · Conference on Cognitive Computational Neuroscience (CCN) · doi:10.32470/ccn.2019.1415-0
Single-Neuron and Network Dynamics in the Neocortical-Entorhinal-Hippocampal Circuit
McFarland, J. M. (2011) · doi:10.7301/z0dr2sq2
Grinspun, N., & Lagos, C. P. (2018) · Neuma: Revista de Música y Docencia Musical
Young, C. K., & McNaughton, N. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2019.12.25.888487
Garcia, A. (2019) · Library, Museums and Press - UDSpace (University of Delaware) · doi:10.58088/xh10-qz47
Tanninen, S. E. (2018) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Hasz, B. M. (2020) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota)
Mecca, F. F. (2019) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.17.2019.tde-27052020-074722
Prefrontal cortical activity predicts the extra-place field spiking of hippocampal place cellsPreprint
Yu, J. Y., & Frank, L. M. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.11.23.395012
The Role of Automaticity in the Cognitive Control of Human Action - A Magnetoencephalographic Study
Isabella, S. L. (2020) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Neural Circuits for Spatial Cognition and Navigation
Ito, H. (2020) · The Brain & Neural Networks · doi:10.3902/jnns.27.107
From Mechanisms to Functions: The Role of Synchronization in the Intrahippocampal CircuitsPreprint
Mysin, I. E., & Shubina, L. (2021) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0350.v1
Critical bistability and large-scale synchrony in human brain dynamics
Wang, S. H. (2021) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja
Morici, J. F., Weisstaub, N., & Zold, C. L. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.11.28.470274
A Chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination in an industrial area
Molfetta, A. D., & Sethi, R. (2001) · PORTO@Iris
Differential Contributions of Hippocampus and mPFC to Cost-Benefit ValuationPreprint
Masuda, A., Sano, C., McHugh, T. J., Fujisawa, S., & Itohara, S. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3188430
Fukai, T. (2018) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.718036695.793549354
Pattern dynamics and stochasticity of the brain rhythmsPreprint
Hoffman, C., Cheng, J., Ji, D., & Dabaghian, Y. A. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.05.06.490960
Multisite Recording for the Analysis of Information Flow Between Thalamocortical Regions
Ito, H. (2022) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-2631-3_2
Han, H.-B., Shin, H., Jeong, Y., Kim, J., & Choi, J. H. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.10.04.510912
Gao, H., Oberto, V. J., Biondi, A., Sara, S. J., & Wiener, S. I. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.12.07.519425
Review on the Role of Hippocamp-Prefrontal Neural Circuit in Social Memory of Autism
谭, 靖. (2023) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2023.132078
de Oliveira-Júnior, B. A. (2022) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.17.2022.tde-11042023-083505
An entropy-based method to measure phase-locking between LFP and spikes
Dang, X.-Y., Xu, H.-T., Bao, X.-Y., Xie, Y.-Y., Zhu, J., Zhang, X., & Huang, X. (2023) · AIP Advances · doi:10.1063/5.0147603
Sugita, S. (2023) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/druf3
Dopamine synchronizes hippocampal-prefrontal networksPreprint
de Oliveira-Júnior, B. A., Padovan-Neto, F. E., Narayanan, N. S., Leite, J. P., & Ruggiero, R. N. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.06.07.544112
McGraw, C. M., Soriano, S., Hao, S., Connolly, D. R., Chahrour, A., Wu, Z., Liang, A. J., Sun, Y., Tang, J., & Samaco, R. C. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.01.18.576265
Altered patterning of neural activity in a tauopathy mouse modelPreprint
Hoffman, C., Cheng, J., Morales, R., Ji, D., & Dabaghian, Y. A. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.03.23.586417
Optogenetic and chemogenetic studies of spatial navigation
Jarzębowski, P., Hay, Y. A., & Paulsen, O. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820480-1.00111-x
Compartmentalization of Synaptic Tagging and Capture
Alarcón, J. M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-54864-2_7
Aguiar, C. L. (2014) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.17.2014.tde-06052024-112835
Matsumoto, J., Oberto, V. J., Pompili, M. N., Todorova, R., Papaleo, F., Nishijo, H., Venance, L., Vandecasteele, M., & Wiener, S. I. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.05.06.592735
Balancing Seizure Control with Cognitive Side Effects Using Changes in Theta
Toprani, S., Gurkoff, G. G., Shahlaie, K., Girgis, F., Sáez, I., Kennedy, J., & Moxon, K. A. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197549469.003.0012
Theta Oscillations and Comparator Function of the Hippocampus
Kitchigina, V. F. (2024) · Биофизика · doi:10.31857/s0006302924040149
Working memory circuits and rhythms in cognition in Parkinson's disease
Spicer, M. M., Yeager, B. E., Kim, Y.-C., & Narayanan, N. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15754-7.00043-2
Yang, Z., Li, P., Chen, Y., Guo, X., Liu, P., Ni, G., Liu, S., Chen, L., & Ming, D. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.10.09.617363
A General and Accurate Method for Neuronal Ensemble Detection in Spiking Neural Networks
Herzog, R. A., Mora, S., Prada, G., Minonzio, J.-G., Escobar, M.-J., Cofré, R., & Palacios, A. G. (2024) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-4208-5_3
The role of the basal forebrain in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease
Kitchigina, V. F., Popova, I. Y., & Shubina, L. (2024) · Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им И П Павлова · doi:10.31857/s0044467724050026
Yang, Z., Li, P., Chen, Y., Guo, X., Liu, P., Ni, G., Liu, S., Chen, L., & Ming, D. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.103901
Metadata
- Authors
- Benchenane, K., Peyrache, A., Khamassi, M., Tierney, P. L., Gioanni, Y., Battaglia, F. P., & Wiener, S. I.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research (US)
- Inserm (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Benchenane, Karim
- Battaglia, Francesco P.
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-06
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 921-936
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2130674184
- Cited by
- 872
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 88 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 57 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 26.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Elsevier eBooks
- Funders
- Johns Hopkins University
- Fondation Fyssen
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex, theta oscillations, neural coherence, spike timing, rule induction, Y-maze, memory consolidation, dopamine, interneurons, pyramidal neurons, sharp-wave ripples, reward prediction
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Dopamine, Hippocampus, Male, Neural Inhibition, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Periodicity, Reward, Spectrum Analysis, Time Factors, Prefrontal Cortex, Maze Learning, Rats, Long-Evans, Principal Component Analysis, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review