The DOI matches its Crossref record; 215 of the 216 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dealing with Danger in the CNS: The Response of the Immune System to Injury
Open accessAbstract
Fighting pathogens and maintaining tissue homeostasis are prerequisites for survival. Both of these functions are upheld by the immune system, though the latter is often overlooked in the context of the CNS. The mere presence of immune cells in the CNS was long considered a hallmark of pathology, but this view has been recently challenged by studies demonstrating that immunological signaling can confer pivotal neuroprotective effects on the injured CNS. In this review, we describe the temporal sequence of immunological events that follow CNS injury. Beginning with immediate changes at the injury site, including death of neural cells and release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and progressing through innate and adaptive immune responses, we describe the cascade of inflammatory mediators and the implications of their post-injury effects. We conclude by proposing a revised interpretation of immune privilege in the brain, which takes beneficial neuro-immune communications into account.
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“Many of the signals expressed in this subpopulation can be highly damaging to the brain. For example, Il1b and Tnf can both cause neurotoxicity (Takeuchi et al., 2006; Ye et al., 2013), and infiltrating immune cells attracted by the chemokines expressed in the Ccl4+ subpopulation can exacerbate pathology (Gadani et al., 2015).”
From Complex cell-state changes revealed by single cell RNA sequencing of 76,149 microglia throughout the mouse lifespan and in the injured brain (2018) · cites this paper as Gadani et al., 2015
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gadani, S. P., Walsh, J. T., Lukens, J. R., & Kipnis, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Virginia Medical Center (US)
- University of Virginia (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lukens, John R.
- Kipnis, Jonathan
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-07
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 47-62
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4491143
- OpenAlex
- W1608593799
- Cited by
- 342
- References
- 216
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 2.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM007267)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS061973, R01NS061973)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- central nervous system injury, neuroinflammation, neuroimmunology, damage-associated molecular patterns, innate immune response, adaptive immune response, neuroprotection, immune privilege, inflammatory mediators, tissue homeostasis
- MeSH terms
- Brain Injuries, Brain Ischemia, Homeostasis, Humans, Neurons, Spinal Cord Injuries, Signal Transduction, Reperfusion Injury
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