Cited by 342Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsTraumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular DisturbancesImmune Response and Inflammation

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Dealing with Danger in the CNS: The Response of the Immune System to Injury

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Gadani, Sachin P., Walsh, James T., Lukens, John R., Kipnis, Jonathan·2015·Neuron

DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.05.019PMC PMC4491143

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Abstract

Fighting pathogens and maintaining tissue homeostasis are prerequisites for survival. Both of these functions are upheld by the immune system, though the latter is often overlooked in the context of the CNS. The mere presence of immune cells in the CNS was long considered a hallmark of pathology, but this view has been recently challenged by studies demonstrating that immunological signaling can confer pivotal neuroprotective effects on the injured CNS. In this review, we describe the temporal sequence of immunological events that follow CNS injury. Beginning with immediate changes at the injury site, including death of neural cells and release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and progressing through innate and adaptive immune responses, we describe the cascade of inflammatory mediators and the implications of their post-injury effects. We conclude by proposing a revised interpretation of immune privilege in the brain, which takes beneficial neuro-immune communications into account.

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2014, Facts and figures at a glance, J. Spinal Cord Med., 37, 243

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Authors: Gadani, S. P., Walsh, J. T., Lukens, J. R., & Kipnis, J.
Affiliations: University of Virginia Medical Center (US)
University of Virginia (US)
Corresponding author: Lukens, John R.
Kipnis, Jonathan
ORCID: Gadani, Sachin P.
Walsh, James T.
Lukens, John R.
Kipnis, Jonathan
Venue: Neuron
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2015-07
Volume: 87
Issue: 1
Pages: 47-62
ISSN: 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.05.019
PMC: PMC4491143
OpenAlex: W1608593799
Cited by: 342
References: 216
Citations by year: 2026: 24 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 2
FWCI: 2.10
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 366 d)
Locations: Neuron (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM007267)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS061973, R01NS061973)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
Keywords: central nervous system injury, neuroinflammation, neuroimmunology, damage-associated molecular patterns, innate immune response, adaptive immune response, neuroprotection, immune privilege, inflammatory mediators, tissue homeostasis
MeSH terms: Brain Injuries, Brain Ischemia, Homeostasis, Humans, Neurons, Spinal Cord Injuries, Signal Transduction, Reperfusion Injury

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Dealing with Danger in the CNS: The Response of the Immune System to Injury

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