Cited by 342Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsTraumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular DisturbancesImmune Response and Inflammation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 215 of the 216 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Dealing with Danger in the CNS: The Response of the Immune System to Injury

Open access

Gadani, Sachin P., Walsh, James T., Lukens, John R., Kipnis, Jonathan·2015·Neuron

DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.05.019PMC PMC4491143

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Fighting pathogens and maintaining tissue homeostasis are prerequisites for survival. Both of these functions are upheld by the immune system, though the latter is often overlooked in the context of the CNS. The mere presence of immune cells in the CNS was long considered a hallmark of pathology, but this view has been recently challenged by studies demonstrating that immunological signaling can confer pivotal neuroprotective effects on the injured CNS. In this review, we describe the temporal sequence of immunological events that follow CNS injury. Beginning with immediate changes at the injury site, including death of neural cells and release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and progressing through innate and adaptive immune responses, we describe the cascade of inflammatory mediators and the implications of their post-injury effects. We conclude by proposing a revised interpretation of immune privilege in the brain, which takes beneficial neuro-immune communications into account.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.05.019

Cites

215 of 215 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

1 retracted

WITHDRAWN: Riluzole alleviates early neutrophil infiltration, brain oedema and lipid peroxidation in the traumatic brain tissue but does not induce neurotoxicity in non-traumatic brain tissue in rats
Özevren, H., Toklu, H. Z., Berkman, M. Z., Turan, P., Şirvancı, S., & Kahveci, R. (2014) · Injury · doi:10.1016/j.injury.2014.03.014 · Cited by 1
Retracted
Glutamate neurotoxicity and diseases of the nervous system
Choi, D. W. (1988) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(88)90162-6 · Cited by 8,188
Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
(2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61682-2 · Cited by 7,439
Neutrophil Emigration in the Skin, Lungs, and Peritoneum: Different Requirements for CD11/CD18 Revealed by CD18-deficient Mice
Mizgerd, J. P., Kubo, H., Kutkoski, G. J., Bhagwan, S. D., Scharffetter-Kochanek, K., Beaudet, A. L., & Doerschuk, C. M. (1997) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.186.8.1357 · Cited by 7,332
Macrophage activation and polarization: nomenclature and experimental guidelines
Murray, P. J., Allen, J. E., Biswas, S. K., Fisher, E. A., Gilroy, D. W., Goerdt, S., Gordon, S., Hamilton, J. A., Ivashkiv, L. B., Lawrence, T., et al. (2014) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2014.06.008 · Cited by 6,337
Macrophage plasticity and polarization: in vivo veritas
Sica, A., & Mantovani, A. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci59643 · Cited by 6,335
Alternative activation of macrophages
Gordon, S. (2003) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri978 · Cited by 6,189
Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo
Nimmerjahn, A., Kirchhoff, F., & Helmchen, F. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110647 · Cited by 5,827
Fate Mapping Analysis Reveals That Adult Microglia Derive from Primitive Macrophages
Ginhoux, F., Greter, M., Leboeuf, M., Nandi, S., See, P., Gokhan, S., Mehler, M. F., Conway, S. J., Ng, L. G., Stanley, E. R., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1194637 · Cited by 5,175
The M1 and M2 paradigm of macrophage activation: Time for reassessment
Martinez, F. O., & Gordon, S. (2014) · F1000Prime Reports · doi:10.12703/p6-13 · Cited by 4,689

Show all 216 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

2014, Facts and figures at a glance, J. Spinal Cord Med., 37, 243

Sorted by citations

Complex cell-state changes revealed by single cell RNA sequencing of 76,149 microglia throughout the mouse lifespan and in the injured brain
Hammond, T. R., Dufort, C., Dissing-Olesen, L., Giera, S., Young, A., Wysoker, A., Walker, A. J., Segel, M., Nemesh, J., Saunders, A., et al. (2018) · doi:10.1101/406140 · Cited by 2,225
Signaling pathways involved in ischemic stroke: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions
Qin, C., Yang, S., Chu, Y., Zhang, H., Pang, X., Chen, L., Zhou, L., Chen, M., Tian, D., & Wang, W. (2022) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-022-01064-1 · Cited by 997
Cell transplantation therapy for spinal cord injury
Assinck, P., Duncan, G. J., Hilton, B. J., Plemel, J. R., & Tetzlaff, W. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4541 · Cited by 960
Global brain inflammation in stroke
Shi, K., Tian, D., Li, Z.-G., Ducruet, A. F., Lawton, M. T., & Shi, F. (2019) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(19)30078-x · Cited by 951
The Biology of Regeneration Failure and Success After Spinal Cord Injury
Tran, A. P., Warren, P. M., & Silver, J. (2018) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00017.2017 · Cited by 896
Revisiting the Mechanisms of CNS Immune Privilege
Louveau, A., Harris, T. H., & Kipnis, J. (2015) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2015.08.006 · Cited by 682
Self-citation
Inflammation after spinal cord injury: a review of the critical timeline of signaling cues and cellular infiltration
Hellenbrand, D. J., Quinn, C. M., Piper, Z. J., Morehouse, C. N., Fixel, J. A., & Hanna, A. S. (2021) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-021-02337-2 · Cited by 663
Neutrophils in tissue injury and repair
Wang, J. (2018) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-017-2785-7 · Cited by 645
Inflammatory Response in the CNS: Friend or Foe?
Sochocka, M., Diniz, B. S., & Leszek, J. (2017) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-016-0297-1 · Cited by 573
The Meningeal Lymphatic System: A New Player in Neurophysiology
Da Mesquita, S., Fu, Z., & Kipnis, J. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.09.022 · Cited by 479
Self-citation
Disrupting the blood–brain barrier by focused ultrasound induces sterile inflammation
Kovacs, Z. I., Kim, S., Jikaria, N., Qureshi, F., Milo, B., Lewis, B. K., Bresler, M., Burks, S. R., & Frank, J. A. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1614777114 · Cited by 458
Multifaceted interactions between adaptive immunity and the central nervous system
Kipnis, J. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aag2638 · Cited by 376
Self-citation
NLRP3 inflammasome-driven pathways in depression: clinical and preclinical findings
Kaufmann, F. N., Costa, A. P., Ghisleni, G., Diaz, A. P., Rodrigues, A. L. S., Peluffo, H., & Kaster, M. P. (2017) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2017.03.002 · Cited by 370
IL-33 ameliorates Alzheimer's disease-like pathology and cognitive decline
Fu, A. K. Y., Hung, K.-W., Yuen, M. Y. F., Zhou, X., Mak, D. S. Y., Chan, I. C. W., Cheung, T. H., Zhang, B., Fu, W.-Y., Liew, F. Y., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1604032113 · Cited by 369
Meningeal lymphatic dysfunction exacerbates traumatic brain injury pathogenesis.
Bolte, A. C., Dutta, A. B., Hurt, M. E., Smirnov, I., Kovacs, M. A., McKee, C. A., Ennerfelt, H. E., Shapiro, D., Nguyen, B. H., Frost, E. L., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18113-4 · Cited by 357
Self-citation
Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Contribute to Spontaneous Long-Term Functional Recovery after Stroke in Mice
Wattananit, S., Tornero, D., Graubardt, N., Memanishvili, T., Monni, E., Tatarishvili, J., Miskinyte, G., Ge, R., Ahlenius, H., Lindvall, O., et al. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4317-15.2016 · Cited by 362
Bioprinting: From Tissue and Organ Development to in Vitro Models
Mota, C., Camarero‐Espinosa, S., Baker, M. B., Wieringa, P. A., & Moroni, L. (2020) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00789 · Cited by 359
Myeloid Cells in the Central Nervous System
Herz, J., Filiano, A. J., Wiltbank, A. T., Yogev, N., & Kipnis, J. (2017) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2017.06.007 · Cited by 345
Self-citation
Emerging Roles for the Immune System in Traumatic Brain Injury
McKee, C. A., & Lukens, J. R. (2016) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00556 · Cited by 276
Self-citation
Shaping Neuronal Fate: Functional Heterogeneity of Direct Microglia-Neuron Interactions
Cserép, C., Pósfai, B., & Dénes, Á. (2021) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.11.007 · Cited by 256
Neurosteroids as regulators of neuroinflammation
Yılmaz, C., Karali, K., Fodelianaki, G., Gravanis, A., Chavakis, T., Charalampopoulos, I., & Alexaki, V. I. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100788 · Cited by 261
Brain-immune interactions in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury
Li, B., Concepcion, K. R., Meng, X., & Zhang, L. (2017) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.10.006 · Cited by 236
Peripherally derived macrophages modulate microglial function to reduce inflammation after CNS injury
Greenhalgh, A. D., Zarruk, J. G., Healy, L. M., Jesudasan, S. J. B., Jhelum, P., Salmon, C. K., Formanek, A., Russo, M. V., Antel, J. P., McGavern, D. B., et al. (2018) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2005264 · Cited by 218
Opening doors with ultrasound and microbubbles: Beating biological barriers to promote drug delivery
Deprez, J., Lajoinie, G., Engelen, Y., Smedt, S. C. D., & Lentacker, I. (2021) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.015 · Cited by 213
Brain Ischemia Suppresses Immunity in the Periphery and Brain via Different Neurogenic Innervations
Liu, Q., Jin, W.-N., Liu, Y., Shi, K., Sun, H., Zhang, F., Zhang, C., Gonzales, R. J., Sheth, K. N., Cava, A. L., et al. (2017) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2017.02.015 · Cited by 209
Mechanisms of lysophosphatidylcholine‐induced demyelination: A primary lipid disrupting myelinopathy
Plemel, J. R., Michaels, N. J., Weishaupt, N., Caprariello, A. V., Keough, M. B., Rogers, J. A., Yukseloglu, A., Lim, J., Patel, V. V., Rawji, K. S., et al. (2018) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23245 · Cited by 220
Cell death, clearance and immunity in the skeletal muscle
Sciorati, C., Rigamonti, E., Manfredi, A. A., & Rovere, P. Q. (2016) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/cdd.2015.171 · Cited by 205
A DAMP-scavenging, IL-10-releasing hydrogel promotes neural regeneration and motor function recovery after spinal cord injury
Shen, H., Bai, X., Yang, C., Xue, W., You, Z., Wu, X., Ma, D., Shao, D., Leong, K. W., & Dai, J. (2021) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121279 · Cited by 191
Neuroinflammation and neurohormesis in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer-linked pathologies: modulation by nutritional mushrooms
Salinaro, A. T., Pennisi, M., Paola, R. D., Scuto, M. C., Crupi, R., Cambria, M. T., Ontario, M. L., Tomasello, M., Uva, M. G., Maiolino, L., et al. (2018) · Immunity & Ageing · doi:10.1186/s12979-017-0108-1 · Cited by 170
Immunoadolescence: Neuroimmune development and adolescent behavior
Brenhouse, H. C., & Schwarz, J. M. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.035 · Cited by 163
Distinct myeloid cell subsets promote meningeal remodeling and vascular repair after mild traumatic brain injury
Russo, M. V., Latour, L. L., & McGavern, D. B. (2018) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0086-2 · Cited by 149
Characterization of meningeal type 2 innate lymphocytes and their response to CNS injury
Gadani, S. P., Smirnov, I., Wiltbank, A. T., Overall, C. C., & Kipnis, J. (2016) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20161982 · Cited by 152
Self-citation
Neuroprotective Potentials of Marine Algae and Their Bioactive Metabolites: Pharmacological Insights and Therapeutic Advances
Hannan, M. A., Dash, R., Haque, M. N., Mohibbullah, M., Sohag, A. A. M., Rahman, M. A., Uddin, M. J., Alam, M., & Moon, I. S. (2020) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md18070347 · Cited by 157
High Mobility Group Box 1 is a novel pathogenic factor and a mechanistic biomarker for epilepsy
Ravizza, T., Terrone, G., Salamone, A., Frigerio, F., Balosso, S., Antoine, D. J., & Vezzani, A. (2017) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2017.10.008 · Cited by 129
Nitric Oxide: Exploring the Contextual Link with Alzheimer’s Disease
Asiimwe, N., Yeo, S. G., Kim, M.-S., Jung, J., & Jeong, N. Y. (2016) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2016/7205747 · Cited by 125
Innate immune cells and C-Reactive protein in acute First-Episode psychosis and schizophrenia: relationship to psychopathology and treatment
Steiner, J., Frodl, T., Schiltz, K., Dobrowolny, H., Jacobs, R., Fernandes, B. S., Guest, P. C., Meyer-Lotz, G., Borucki, K., Bahn, S., et al. (2019) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbz068 · Cited by 123
Filling the gaps on stroke research: Focus on inflammation and immunity
Levard, D., Buendía, I., Lanquetin, A., Glavan, M., Vivien, D., & Rubio, M. (2020) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.09.025 · Cited by 125
Advances in Biomaterial‐Based Spinal Cord Injury Repair
Shen, H., Fan, C., You, Z., Xiao, Z., Zhao, Y., & Dai, J. (2021) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202110628 · Cited by 120
T Cells as an Emerging Target for Chronic Pain Therapy
Laumet, G. O., Ma, J., Robison, A. J., Kumari, S., Heijnen, C. J., & Kavelaars, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2019.00216 · Cited by 116
Adult oligodendrocyte progenitor cells – Multifaceted regulators of the CNS in health and disease
Fernández-Castañeda, A., & Gaultier, A. (2016) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2016.01.005 · Cited by 117
Secondary effects on brain physiology caused by focused ultrasound-mediated disruption of the blood–brain barrier
Todd, N., Angolano, C., Ferran, C. J., Devor, A., Borsook, D., & McDannold, N. J. (2020) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.05.040 · Cited by 115
Neuroimmunological therapies for treating spinal cord injury: Evidence and future perspectives
Chio, J. C. T., Xu, K. J., Popovich, P. G., David, S., & Fehlings, M. G. (2021) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113704 · Cited by 109
Infiltration and persistence of lymphocytes during late-stage cerebral ischemia in middle cerebral artery occlusion and photothrombotic stroke models
Feng, Y., Liao, S., Wei, C., Jia, D., Wood, K., Liu, Q., Wang, X., Shi, F., & Jin, W. (2017) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-017-1017-0 · Cited by 113
Macrophagic and microglial complexity after neuronal injury
Mesquida-Veny, F., del Río, J. A., & Hervera, A. (2020) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101970 · Cited by 105
Role of microglia in spinal cord injury
Kroner, A., & Almanza, J. R. (2019) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134370 · Cited by 103
Cerebrospinal Fluid–Basic Concepts Review
Czarniak, N., Kamińska, J., Matowicka-Karna, J., & Koper‐Lenkiewicz, O. M. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11051461 · Cited by 110
Brain injury instructs bone marrow cellular lineage destination to reduce neuroinflammation
Shi, S. X.-Y., Shi, K., & Liu, Q. (2021) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abc7029 · Cited by 91
The immune system in traumatic brain injury
Plesnila, N. (2015) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2015.10.008 · Cited by 85
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor facilitates prostaglandin E2 production of astrocytes to tune inflammatory milieu following spinal cord injury
Zhang, Y., Zhou, Y., Chen, S., Hu, Y., Zhu, Z., Wang, Y., Du, N., Song, T., Yang, Y., Guo, A., et al. (2019) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-019-1468-6 · Cited by 77
Dectin-1 limits autoimmune neuroinflammation and promotes myeloid cell-astrocyte crosstalk via Card9-independent expression of Oncostatin M
Deerhake, M. E., Danzaki, K., Inoue, M., Cardakli, E. D., Nonaka, T., Aggarwal, N., Barclay, W. E., Ji, R., & Shinohara, M. L. (2021) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2021.01.004 · Cited by 74
Focused ultrasound with microbubbles induces sterile inflammatory response proportional to the blood brain barrier opening: Attention to experimental conditions
Kovacs‐Balint, Z., Burks, S. R., & Frank, J. A. (2018) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.24181 · Cited by 77
A possible role of microglia-derived nitric oxide by lipopolysaccharide in activation of astroglial pentose-phosphate pathway via the Keap1/Nrf2 system
Iizumi, T., Takahashi, S., Mashima, K., Minami, K., Izawa, Y., Abe, T., Hishiki, T., Suematsu, M., Kajimura, M., & Suzuki, N. (2016) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0564-0 · Cited by 79
Neutrophil Decoys with Anti‐Inflammatory and Anti‐Oxidative Properties Reduce Secondary Spinal Cord Injury and Improve Neurological Functional Recovery
Bi, Y., Duan, W., Chen, J., You, T., Li, S., Jiang, W., Li, M., Wang, G., Pan, X., Wu, J., et al. (2021) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202102912 · Cited by 74
Positive effects of intermittent fasting in ischemic stroke
Fann, D. Y., Ng, G. Y. Q., Poh, L., & Arumugam, T. V. (2017) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2017.01.014 · Cited by 73
Blood–brain barrier opening by intracarotid artery hyperosmolar mannitol induces sterile inflammatory and innate immune responses
Burks, S. R., Kersch, C. N., Witko, J. A., Pagel, M. A., Sundby, M., Muldoon, L. L., Neuwelt, E. A., & Frank, J. A. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2021915118 · Cited by 76
MRI and histological evaluation of pulsed focused ultrasound and microbubbles treatment effects in the brain
Kovacs‐Balint, Z., Tu, T., Sundby, M., Qureshi, F. M., Lewis, B. K., Jikaria, N. R., Burks, S. R., & Frank, J. A. (2018) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.24512 · Cited by 73
Fluid proteomics of CSF and serum reveal important neuroinflammatory proteins in blood–brain barrier disruption and outcome prediction following severe traumatic brain injury: a prospective, observational study
Lindblad, C., Pin, E., Just, D., Nimer, F. A., Nilsson, P., Bellander, B., Svensson, M. A., Piehl, F., & Thelin, E. P. (2021) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-021-03503-x · Cited by 71
Temporal single-cell atlas of non-neuronal retinal cells reveals dynamic, coordinated multicellular responses to central nervous system injury
Benhar, I., Ding, J., Yan, W., Whitney, I. E., Jacobi, A., Sud, M., Burgin, G., Shekhar, K., Tran, N. M., Wang, C., et al. (2023) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-023-01437-w · Cited by 69
Effects of astrocytes and microglia on neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury and related immunomodulatory strategies
Pang, Q.-M., Chen, S., Xu, Q.-J., Zhang, M., Liang, D.-F., Fu, S.-P., Jiang, Y. P., Liu, Z.-L., Zhang, Q., & Zhang, T. (2022) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108754 · Cited by 71
Ethanol-Induced Neurodegeneration and Glial Activation in the Developing Brain
Saito, M., Chakraborty, G., Hui, M., Masiello, K., & Saito, M. (2016) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci6030031 · Cited by 72
The Role of NF-κB Triggered Inflammation in Cerebral Ischemia
Jover‐Mengual, T., Hwang, J.-Y., Byun, H.-R., Court-Vazquez, B. L., Centeno, J. M., Burguete, M. C., & Zukin, R. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2021.633610 · Cited by 69
Immune response after central nervous system injury
Salvador, A. F., & Kipnis, J. (2022) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2022.101629 · Cited by 71
Self-citation
Neuroinflammation, Early-Life Adversity, and Brain Development
Andersen, S. L. (2022) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000325 · Cited by 73
Neutrophil Count Is Associated With Reduced Gray Matter and Enlarged Ventricles in First-Episode Psychosis
Núñez, C., Stephan‐Otto, C., Usall, J., Bioque, M., Lobo, A., González-Pinto, A. M., Pina‐Camacho, L., Vieta, E., Castro‐Fornieles, J., Rodríguez–Jiménez, R., et al. (2018) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sby113 · Cited by 68
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor facilitates production of CCL5 in astrocytes following rat spinal cord injury
Zhou, Y., Guo, W., Zhu, Z., Hu, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, W., Du, N., Song, T., Yang, K., et al. (2018) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-018-1297-z · Cited by 68
The alarmin interleukin-1α triggers secondary degeneration through reactive astrocytes and endothelium after spinal cord injury
Bretheau, F., Castellanos-Molina, A., Bélanger, D., Kusik, M., Mailhot, B., Boisvert, A., Vallières, N., Lessard, M., Gunzer, M., Liu, X., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-33463-x · Cited by 69
Microglia and astrocyte activation is region‐dependent in the α‐synuclein mouse model of Parkinson's disease
Basurco, L., Abellanas, M. A., Ayerra, L., Conde, E., Vinueza‐Gavilanes, R., Luquin, E., Vales, Á., Vilas, A., Martín‐Úriz, P. S., Tamayo, I., et al. (2022) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.24295 · Cited by 66
Dual roles of interleukin-33 in cognitive function by regulating central nervous system inflammation
Rao, X., Hua, F., Zhang, L., Lin, Y., Fang, P., Chen, S., Ying, J., & Wang, X. (2022) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-022-03570-w · Cited by 64
Emerging targets for reprograming the immune response to promote repair and recovery of function after spinal cord injury
Brennan, F. H., & Popovich, P. G. (2018) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0000000000000550 · Cited by 63
Inflammatory Regulation of CNS Barriers After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Tale Directed by Interleukin-1
Garnett, C. N., Watson, J. B., Higgins, E. K., Quan, N., & Bachstetter, A. D. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.688254 · Cited by 62
In vivo imaging of sterile microglial activation in rat brain after disrupting the blood-brain barrier with pulsed focused ultrasound: [18F]DPA-714 PET study
Sinharay, S., Tu, T., Kovacs‐Balint, Z., Schreiber-Stainthorp, W., Sundby, M., Zhang, X., Papadakis, G. Z., Reid, W. C., Frank, J. A., & Hammoud, D. A. (2019) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-019-1543-z · Cited by 65
Beyond host defense and tissue injury: the emerging role of neutrophils in tissue repair
Rizo-Téllez, S. A., & Filep, J. G. (2024) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00652.2023 · Cited by 65
Systemic Interleukin-4 Administration after Spinal Cord Injury Modulates Inflammation and Promotes Neuroprotection
Lima, R., Monteiro, S., Lopes, J., Barradas, P. S., Vasconcelos, N., Gomes, E. D., Assunção-Silva, R. C., Teixeira, F. G., Morais, M., Sousa, N., et al. (2017) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph10040083 · Cited by 62
Combined Blockade of Interleukin-1α and -1β Signaling Protects Mice from Cognitive Dysfunction after Traumatic Brain Injury
Newell, E. A., Todd, B. P., Mahoney, J., Pieper, A., Ferguson, P., & Bassuk, A. (2018) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0385-17.2018 · Cited by 55
Age and Diet Affect Genetically Separable Secondary Injuries that Cause Acute Mortality Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Drosophila
Katzenberger, R. J., Ganetzky, B., & Wassarman, D. A. (2016) · G3 Genes Genomes Genetics · doi:10.1534/g3.116.036194 · Cited by 57
Regulation of neuroimmune processes by damage- and resolution-associated molecular patterns
Klegeris, A. (2020) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/1673-5374.293134 · Cited by 57
Advances in Biomarker-Guided Therapy for Pediatric- and Adult-Onset Neuroinflammatory Disorders: Targeting Chemokines/Cytokines
Pranzatelli, M. R. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00557 · Cited by 57
Melatonin alleviates intestinal injury, neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction caused by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion
Yang, B., Zhang, L., Chen, Y., Bai, Y., Jia, J., Feng, J., Liu, K., & Zhou, J. F. (2020) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106596 · Cited by 56
The cerebral endothelial cell as a key regulator of inflammatory processes in sterile inflammation
Ludewig, P., Winneberger, J., & Magnus, T. U. (2018) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.10.012 · Cited by 59
Dwellers and Trespassers: Mononuclear Phagocytes at the Borders of the Central Nervous System
Ivan, D. C., Walthert, S., Berve, K., Steudler, J., & Locatelli, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.609921 · Cited by 55
Controlled extracellular vesicles release from aminoguanidine nanoparticle-loaded polylysine hydrogel for synergistic treatment of spinal cord injury
Wang, S., Wang, R., Chen, J., Yang, B., Shu, J., Cheng, F., Tao, Y., Shi, K., Wang, C., Wang, J., et al. (2023) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.026 · Cited by 53
Acute Neuroinflammatory Response in the Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta of Rats after a Local Injection of Lipopolysaccharide
Flores-Martinez, Y. M., Fernandez-Parrilla, M. A., Ayala-Dávila, J., Reyes-Corona, D., Blanco-Álvarez, V. M., Soto-Rojas, L. O., Luna-Herrera, C., González-Barrios, J. A., León‐Chávez, B. A., Gutiérrez-Castillo, M. E., et al. (2018) · Journal of Immunology Research · doi:10.1155/2018/1838921 · Cited by 53
Age-dependent immune and lymphatic responses after spinal cord injury
Salvador, A. F., Dykstra, T., Rustenhoven, J., Gao, W., Blackburn, S. M., Bhasiin, K., Dong, M. Q., Guimarães, R. M., Gonuguntla, S., Smirnov, I., et al. (2023) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.04.011 · Cited by 55
Self-citation
Mechanisms of Stem Cell Therapy in Spinal Cord Injuries
Shinozaki, M., Nagoshi, N., Nakamura, M., & Okano, H. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10102676 · Cited by 58
The Interaction Between NF-κB and Estrogen in Alzheimer’s Disease
Mishra, P., Davies, D. A., & Albensi, B. C. (2023) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-022-03152-3 · Cited by 51
Inflammatory response of microglia to prions is controlled by sialylation of PrPSc
Srivastava, S., Katorcha, E., Makarava, N., Barrett, J. P., Loane, D. J., & Baskakov, I. V. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-29720-z · Cited by 47
A Delay between Motor Cortex Lesions and Neuronal Transplantation Enhances Graft Integration and Improves Repair and Recovery
Péron, S., Droguerre, M., Debarbieux, F. C., Ballout, N., Benoit‐Marand, M., Francheteau, M., Brot, S., Rougon, G., Jaber, M., & Gaillard, A. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2936-16.2017 · Cited by 47
Regulatory Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Secondary Inflammation in Spinal Cord Injury
Pang, Q.-M., Chen, S.-Y., Fu, S.-P., Zhou, H., Zhang, Q., Ao, J., Luo, X.-P., & Zhang, T. (2022) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s349572 · Cited by 48
Smart hybrid nanomaterials for chronic infections: microbiome-responsive and sustainable therapeutic platforms
Singh, H., Balusamy, S. R., Sukweenadhi, J., Saravanan, M., Mohanprasanth, A., Mijakovic̀, I., & Singh, P. (2025) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-025-03712-4 · Cited by 49
Drosophila as a Model to Study Brain Innate Immunity in Health and Disease
Lye, S. H., & Chtarbanova, S. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19123922 · Cited by 44
Stem Cell Therapy for Modulating Neuroinflammation in Neuropathic Pain
Joshi, H. P., Jo, H. J., Kim, Y. H., An, S. B., Park, C., & Han, I. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22094853 · Cited by 49
Axonal regeneration in zebrafish spinal cord
Ghosh, S., & Hui, S. P. (2018) · Regeneration · doi:10.1002/reg2.99 · Cited by 46
IFP35, a novel DAMP, aggravates neuroinflammation following acute ischemic stroke via TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling
Zhang, M., Guo, B., Zhang, X., Han, D., Lv, L., Yan, X., Su, C., Chai, D., Zhao, N., Yan, X., et al. (2025) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-025-03492-6 · Cited by 46
Multiple Sclerosis and Aging: The Dynamics of Demyelination and Remyelination
Correale, J. D., & Ysrraelit, M. C. (2022) · ASN NEURO · doi:10.1177/17590914221118502 · Cited by 45
A comprehensive review on the neuroprotective potential of resveratrol in ischemic stroke
Owjfard, M., Rahimian, Z., Karimi, F., Borhani‐Haghighi, A., & Mallahzadeh, A. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34121 · Cited by 44
Advancements and mechanisms of stem cell-based therapies for spinal cord injury in animals
Mili, B., & Choudhary, O. P. (2024) · International Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1097/js9.0000000000001074 · Cited by 43
Alarmins and central nervous system inflammation in HIV ‐associated neurological disorders
Gougeon, M. (2016) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12570 · Cited by 41
Proteomics and bioinformatics reveal insights into neuroinflammation in the acute to subacute phases in rat models of spinal cord contusion injury
Yao, X., Liu, Z., Chen, J., Huang, Z., Liu, J., Sun, B., Zhu, Q. A., Ding, R., & Chen, J. (2021) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202100081rr · Cited by 41
Meningeal lymphatic dysfunction exacerbates traumatic brain injury pathogenesisPreprint
Bolte, A. C., Hurt, M. E., Smirnov, I., Kovacs, M. A., McKee, C. A., Natale, N. R., Ennerfelt, H. E., Frost, E. L., Lammert, C. R., Kipnis, J., et al. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/817023 · Cited by 41
Self-citation
Modelling human pathology of traumatic brain injury in animal models
Risling, M., Smith, D. H., Stein, T. D., Thelin, E. P., Zanier, E. R., Ankarcrona, M., & Nilsson, P. (2019) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12909 · Cited by 45

Authors: Gadani, S. P., Walsh, J. T., Lukens, J. R., & Kipnis, J.
Affiliations: University of Virginia Medical Center (US)
University of Virginia (US)
Corresponding author: Lukens, John R.
Kipnis, Jonathan
ORCID: Gadani, Sachin P.
Walsh, James T.
Lukens, John R.
Kipnis, Jonathan
Venue: Neuron
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2015-07
Volume: 87
Issue: 1
Pages: 47-62
ISSN: 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.05.019
PMC: PMC4491143
OpenAlex: W1608593799
Cited by: 342
References: 216
Citations by year: 2026: 24 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 2
FWCI: 2.10
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 366 d)
Locations: Neuron (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM007267)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS061973, R01NS061973)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
Keywords: central nervous system injury, neuroinflammation, neuroimmunology, damage-associated molecular patterns, innate immune response, adaptive immune response, neuroprotection, immune privilege, inflammatory mediators, tissue homeostasis
MeSH terms: Brain Injuries, Brain Ischemia, Homeostasis, Humans, Neurons, Spinal Cord Injuries, Signal Transduction, Reperfusion Injury

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Dealing with Danger in the CNS: The Response of the Immune System to Injury

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks