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Trait anxiety affects decision-making differently in healthy men and women: Towards gender-specific endophenotypes of anxiety

de Visser, L., van der Knaap, L.J., van de Loo, A.J.A.E., van der Weerd, C.M.M., Ohl, F., van den Bos, R.·2010·Neuropsychologia

DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.01.027

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Abstract

Excessive levels of trait anxiety are a risk factor for psychiatric conditions, including anxiety disorders and substance abuse. High trait anxiety has been associated with altered cognitive functioning, in particular with an attentional bias towards aversive stimuli. Decision-making is a crucial aspect of cognitive functioning that relies on the correct processing and control of emotional stimuli. Interestingly, anxiety and decision-making share underlying neural substrates, involving cortico-limbic pathways, including the amygdala, striatum and medial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between trait anxiety, measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and complex decision-making, measured by the Iowa Gambling Task, in healthy male and female volunteers. The main focus of this study was the inclusion of gender as a discriminative factor. Indeed, we found distinct gender-specific effects of trait anxiety: in men, both low and high anxiety groups showed impaired decision-making compared to medium anxiety individuals, whereas in women only high anxiety individuals performed poorly. Furthermore, anxiety affected decision-making in men early in the task, i.e. the exploration phase, as opposed to an effect on performance in women during the second part of the test, i.e. the exploitation phase. These findings were related to different profiles of trait anxiety in men and women, and were independent of performance in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and cortisol levels. Our data show gender-specific effects of trait anxiety on emotional decision-making. We suggest gender-specific endophenotypes of anxiety to exist, that differentially affect cognitive functioning.

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Authors: de Visser, L., van der Knaap, L. J., van de Loo, A. J. A. E., van der Weerd, C. M. M., Ohl, F., & van den Bos, R.
Affiliations: Utrecht University (NL)
Venue: Neuropsychologia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-05
Volume: 48
Issue: 6
Pages: 1598-1606
ISSN: 0028-3932 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.01.027
OpenAlex: W2116062037
Cited by: 147
References: 57
Citations by year: 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 18.32
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Neuropsychologia (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords: trait anxiety, decision-making, gender differences, emotional decision-making, Iowa Gambling Task, exploration-exploitation, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, cortisol
MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance, Anxiety, Decision Making, Emotions, Female, Gambling, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Personality Inventory, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sex Factors, Principal Component Analysis, Young Adult

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Trait anxiety affects decision-making differently in healthy men and women: Towards gender-specific endophenotypes of anxiety

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