Cited by 287Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesDecision-Making and Behavioral Economics

Emotion and decision-making: affect-driven belief systems in anxiety and depression

Open access
Paulus, Martin P., Yu, Angela J.·2012·Trends in Cognitive Sciences

Abstract

Emotion processing and decision-making are integral aspects of daily life. However, our understanding of the interaction between these constructs is limited. In this review, we summarize theoretical approaches that link emotion and decision-making, and focus on research with anxious or depressed individuals to show how emotions can interfere with decision-making. We integrate the emotional framework based on valence and arousal with a Bayesian approach to decision-making in terms of probability and value processing. We discuss how studies of individuals with emotional dysfunctions provide evidence that alterations of decision-making can be viewed in terms of altered probability and value computation. We argue that the probabilistic representation of belief states in the context of partially observable Markov decision processes provides a useful approach to examine alterations in probability and value representation in individuals with anxiety and depression, and outline the broader implications of this approach.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.tics.2012.07.009

Cites

112 of 112 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Recent models of interoception and emotion incorporate Bayesian concepts (e.g. predictive coding), wherein the brain makes sense of dynamic changes in a wealth of viscerosensory information by predicting likely causes of those changes.

    “Thus, recent models of interoception and emotion incorporate Bayesian concepts (e.g.predictive coding), wherein the brain makes sense of dynamic changes in a wealth of viscerosensory information by predicting likely causes of those changes: prior interoceptive experiences are deployed as predictions of probable interoceptive experience, to yield 'prediction errors', i.e., the difference between an”

    From Physiological feelings (2019) · cites this paper as Paulus and Yu, 2012

    The “Bayesian models of decision-making and control” section describes Bayesian models that link beliefs with observations and conceptualize emotions as influencing that process (page unavailable). It does not describe predictive coding of changing viscerosensory information, inferred causes of those changes, or interoceptive prediction errors; searches for those terms found no supporting passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • In predictive processing terms, there may be an over-precision of negative predictions about the future in anxiety, coupled with an inability to down-regulate error signals related to ambiguous stimuli.

    “In predictive processing terms, there may be an over-precision (49, 62, 63) of negative predictions about the future, coupled with an inability to down-regulate error signals related to ambiguous stimuli.”

    From Predictive coding and neurocomputational psychiatry: a mechanistic framework for understanding mental disorders (2026) · cites this paper as [63]

    In “A conceptual framework for the influence of affect-driven belief systems on decision-making in anxiety and depression” (page unavailable), the paper suggests that anxious individuals may over-represent low-probability, high-threat outcomes. That supports a bias toward negative possibilities, but it does not specifically describe over-precise predictions about the future or an inability to down-regulate error signals for ambiguous stimuli. (LLM, conf=0.81)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Paulus, M. P., & Yu, A. J.
Affiliations
University of California San Diego (US)
Corresponding author
Paulus, Martin P.
Venue
Trends in Cognitive Sciences
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2012-09
Volume
16
Issue
9
Pages
476-483
ISSN
1364-6613 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2072888936
Cited by
287
References
110
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 1
FWCI
1.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Trends in Cognitive Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt) (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA016663, R01DA018307, R03DA030440, P20DA027843, R01DA027797)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
Keywords
emotional decision-making, anxiety, depression, Bayesian decision making, valence and arousal, partially observable Markov decision processes, belief states, emotional dysfunction, mood disorders
MeSH terms
Affect, Anxiety Disorders, Arousal, Bayes Theorem, Decision Making, Depressive Disorder, Emotions, Humans

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review