Learning from the past and expecting the future in Parkinsonism: dopaminergic influence on predictions about the timing of future events
Open accessAbstract
The prolonged reaction times seen in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been linked to a dopaminergic-dependent deficit in using prior information to prepare responses, but also have been explained by an altered temporal processing. However, an underlying cognitive mechanism linking dopamine, temporal processing and response preparation remains elusive. To address this, we studied PD patients, with or without medication, and age-matched healthy individuals using a variable foreperiod task requiring speeded responses to a visual stimulus occurring at variable onset-times, with block-wise changes in the temporal predictability of visual stimuli. Compared with controls, unmedicated patients showed impaired use of prior information to prepare their responses, as reflected by slower reaction times, regardless of the level of temporal predictability. Crucially, after dopamine administration normal performance was restored, with faster responses for high temporal predictability. Using Bayesian hierarchical drift-diffusion modelling, we estimated the parameters that determine temporal preparation. In this theoretical framework, impaired temporal preparation under dopaminergic depletion was driven by inflexibly high decision boundaries (i.e. participants were always extremely cautious). This indexes high levels of uncertainty about temporal predictions irrespectively of stimulus onset predictability. Our results suggest that dopaminergic depletion in PD affects the uncertainty of predictions about the timing of future events (temporal predictions), which are crucial for the anticipatory preparation of responses. Dopamine, which is affected in PD, controls the ability to predict the timing of future events.
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Previous research shows improvements in patients taking medications acting on the dopaminergic system.
“previous research showing improvements in patients taking medications acting on the dopaminergic system (Tomassini et al., 2019; Wolpe et al., 2015).”
From Predictive coding in neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic transdiagnostic review. (2025) · cites this paper as Tomassini et al., 2019
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- Authors
- Tomassini, A., Pollak, T. A., Edwards, M. J., & Bestmann, S.
- Affiliations
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (GB)
- King's College London (GB)
- St George's, University of London (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Tomassini, Alessandro
- Venue
- Neuropsychologia
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-04
- Volume
- 127
- Pages
- 9-18
- ISSN
- 0028-3932 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6456720
- OpenAlex
- W2914826980
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 1.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neuropsychologia (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- St George's Online Research Archive (St George's University of London) (acceptedVersion)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Apollo (cc-by)
- Funders
- European Research Council (260424)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, parkinsonism, dopamine, temporal prediction, temporal processing, response preparation, prior information, temporal predictability, decision boundaries, dopaminergic therapy
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Cognition, Decision Making, Dopamine, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Parkinsonian Disorders, Uncertainty, Anticipation, Psychological
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