Early weaning induces anxiety and precocious myelination in the anterior part of the basolateral amygdala of male Balb/c mice
Abstract
Weaning is one of the most important events that occur during the early stages of life. For example, precocious weaning is known to increase anxiety-related behaviors in rodents. Here, we demonstrate that in addition to increasing anxiety, early-weaning manipulations alter the accumulation of galactosylceramide, a specific myelin constituent, and the axonal structure of myelinated fibers in the amygdala of male Balb/c mice. We found that early-weaned male mice entered the open arms of an elevated plus-maze less frequently than normally weaned mice at 3 and 5 weeks of age, which indicates persistently higher anxiety levels. However, early-weaned females exhibited fewer entries into the open arms only at 5 weeks of age. Lipid analysis of mice amygdalas showed the early accumulation of galactosylceramide in early-weaned male, but not female, mice at 5 weeks. The precocious accumulation of galactosylceramide was observed only in the amygdala; galactosylceramide accumulation was not observed in the prefrontal cortex or hippocampus of early-weaned male mice. Electron microscopy showed an increase in the number and a decrease in the diameter of myelinated axons in the anterior part of the basolateral amygdala in early-weaned male mice at 5 weeks. These results suggest that the higher anxiety levels observed in early-weaned male mice could be related to precocious myelin formation in the anterior part of the basolateral amygdala.
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Maternal separation in rodent pups is associated with accelerated amygdala development.
“Maternal separation in rodent pups is associated with greater LHPA axis reactivity (Moriceau et al., 2010), accelerated amygdala development (Moriceau and Sullivan, 2006, Ono et al., 2008), increased anxiety-like behaviors (Romeo et al., 2003), and more social instability in adulthood (Kikusui and Mori, 2009).”
From The impact of developmental timing for stress and recovery (2015) · cites this paper as Ono et al., 2008
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- Authors
- Ono, M., Kikusui, T., Sasaki, N., Ichikawa, M., Mori, Y., & Murakami-Murofushi, K.
- Affiliations
- Ochanomizu University (JP)
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- Venue
- Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-10
- Volume
- 156
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1103-1110
- ISSN
- 0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2056010030
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 1.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (14760187, 15GS0306)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- early weaning, anxiety, basolateral amygdala, galactosylceramide, myelin, myelinated axons, sex differences, elevated plus maze, BALB/c mice
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Amygdala, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Anxiety, Axons, Behavior, Animal, Female, Galactosylceramides, Male, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Myelin Sheath, Sex Characteristics, Weaning, Statistics, Nonparametric, Maze Learning, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Lipid Metabolism, Mice
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