The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Behavioral control over shock blocks behavioral and neurochemical effects of later social defeat
Open accessAbstract
Experience with behavioral control over tailshock (escapable shock, ES) has been shown to block the behavioral and neurochemical changes produced by later uncontrollable tail shock (inescapable shock, IS). The present experiments tested, in rats, whether the protective effect of control over tailshock extends beyond reducing the behavioral and neurochemical impact of a subsequent tailshock experience to stressors that are quite different. Social defeat (SD) was chosen as the second stress experience because it has few if any cues in common with tailshock. SD produced shuttlebox escape learning deficits ("learned helplessness") and reduced juvenile social investigation 24 h later, as does IS. IS is notable for inducing a large increase in dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) serotonergic (5-HT) activity as measured by extracellular levels of 5-HT within the DRN, and SD did so as well. ES occurring 7 days before SD blocked this SD-induced DRN activation, as well as the SD-induced interference with shuttlebox escape and reduction in social investigation. Prior exposure to yoked IS did not reduce the DRN 5-HT activation or later behavioral effects produced by SD, and thus the proactive stress-blunting effects of ES can be attributed to it's controllability. Thus, ES confers a very general protection to the impact of a subsequent stress experience.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“Second, it is trans-situational and so inescapable shock in one situation blocks the passivity/anxiety caused by even stressors that do not involve shock in different situations.”
From Learned helplessness at fifty: Insights from neuroscience. (2016) · cites this paper as Amat et al. (2010)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“For example, Amat et al. (2010) reported that experience with escapable shock blocked the passivity in shuttle escape and also blocked the reduced social investigation (anxiety) produced by social defeat occurring seven days later.”
From Learned helplessness at fifty: Insights from neuroscience. (2016) · cites this paper as Amat et al. (2010)
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“As would be expected, social defeat also increased dorsal raphe nucleus 5-HT activity, and this increase was prevented by the prior escapable shock (Amat et al., 2010).”
From Learned helplessness at fifty: Insights from neuroscience. (2016) · cites this paper as Amat et al., 2010
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence
Maier, S. F., & Seligman, M. E. (1976) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.105.1.3 · Cited by 2,494
Self-citationFailure to escape traumatic shock.
Seligman, M. E., & Maier, S. F. (1967) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0024514 · Cited by 1,981 · cited 1×
“As noted above, it has been known for some years that an initial experience with ES blocks the typical behavioral and neurochemical effects of later exposure to IS (Seligman & Maier, 1967; Williams & Maier, 1977).”
BackgroundSelf-citationDifferential projections of the infralimbic and prelimbic cortex in the rat
Vertes, R. P. (2004) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.10279 · Cited by 1,550
The Psychobiology of Depression and Resilience to Stress: Implications for Prevention and Treatment
Southwick, S. M., Vythilingam, M., & Charney, D. S. (2005) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143948 · Cited by 1,160
Amat, J., Baratta, M. V., Paul, E., Bland, S. T., Watkins, L. R., & Maier, S. F. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1399 · Cited by 931
Self-citationGrahn, R. E., Will, M. J., Hammack, S. E., Maswood, S., McQueen, M. B., Watkins, L. R., & Maier, S. F. (1999) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01208-1 · Cited by 307
Self-citationAmat, J., Paul, E., Zarza, C., Watkins, L. R., & Maier, S. F. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3630-06.2006 · Cited by 249
Self-citationAmat, J., Sparks, P., Matus-Amat, P., Griggs, J., Watkins, L. R., & Maier, S. F. (2001) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02934-1 · Cited by 187
Self-citationJankowski, M. P., & Sesack, S. R. (2004) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.10976 · Cited by 186
Rueter, L. E., & Jacobs, B. L. (1996) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(96)00809-8 · Cited by 183
Maier, S. F., Grahn, R. E., Kalman, B. A., Sutton, L. C., Wiertelak, E. P., & Watkins, L. R. (1993) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.107.2.377 · Cited by 177
Self-citationMaswood, S., Barter, J. E., Watkins, L. R., & Maier, S. F. (1998) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)01313-9 · Cited by 173
Self-citationA Critical Review of 5-HT Brain Microdialysis and Behavior
Rueter, L. E., Fornal, C. A., & Jacobs, B. L. (1997) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro.1997.8.2.117 · Cited by 171
Early life experience alters behavior during social defeat: Focus on serotonergic systems
Gardner, K. L., Thrivikraman, K. V., Lightman, S. L., Plotsky, P. M., & Lowry, C. A. (2005) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.07.042 · Cited by 169 · cited 3×
“Pilot work indicated that SD produces both shuttlebox escape deficits and reduced juvenile social investigation 24 hr later, as does IS, and Gardner et al. (2005) in rats, and Cooper et al. (2009) in Syrian hamsters, reported that SD induces Fos in DRN 5-HT neurons.”
BackgroundMaier, S. F., Grahn, R. E., & Watkins, L. R. (1995) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.109.3.404 · Cited by 167
Self-citationAmat, J., Paul, E., Watkins, L. R., & Maier, S. F. (2008) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.04.005 · Cited by 153
Self-citationStressor controllability and the pituitary-adrenal system.
Maier, S. F., Ryan, S. M., Barksdale, C. M., & Kalin, N. H. (1986) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.100.5.669 · Cited by 150
Self-citationStressor Controllability, Anxiety, and Serotonin
Maier, S. F., & Watkins, L. R. (1998) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1018794104325 · Cited by 123
Self-citationChristianson, J. P., Paul, E. D., Irani, M., Thompson, B. M., Kubala, K. H., Yirmiya, R., Watkins, L. R., & Maier, S. F. (2008) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.04.024 · Cited by 107
Self-citationBaratta, M. V., Zarza, C. M., Gomez, D. M., Campeau, S., Watkins, L. R., & Maier, S. F. (2009) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06867.x · Cited by 106
Self-citationTransituational immunization and therapy of learned helplessness in the rat.
Williams, J. L., & Maier, S. F. (1977) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037/0097-7403.3.3.240 · Cited by 101
Self-citationChristianson, J. P., Thompson, B. M., Watkins, L. R., & Maier, S. F. (2008) · Stress · doi:10.1080/10253890802510302 · Cited by 91
Self-citationTao, R., Ma, Z., & Auerbach, S. B. (2000) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(24)39108-6 · Cited by 89
Helmreich, Watkins, Deak, Maier, Akil, & Watson (1999) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.1999.00300.x · Cited by 73
Cooper, M. A., Grober, M. S., Nicholas, C. R., & Huhman, K. L. (2009) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.03.084 · Cited by 60
Baratta, M. V., Lucero, T. R., Amat, J., Watkins, L. R., & Maier, S. F. (2008) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.800308 · Cited by 58 · cited 2×
“Perhaps the activity within neurons projecting to the DRN (and perhaps to other structures (Baratta et al. 2008)) produced by ES alters these neurons in such a way that they are later now also activated by IS, thereby inhibiting the DRN and preventing the behavioral changes that depend on intense…”
BackgroundSelf-citationMcEwen-Induced Modulation of Endocrine History: A Partial Review
Sapolsky, R. M. (1997) · Stress · doi:10.3109/10253899709014733 · Cited by 47
The time course of learned helplessness, inactivity, and nociceptive deficits in rats
Maier, S. F., Coon, D. J., McDaniel, M. A., Jackson, R. L., & Grau, J. W. (1979) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/0023-9690(79)90058-4 · Cited by 46
Self-citationON THE REGULATION OF ADENYL CYCLASE ACTIVITY IN THE RAT PINEAL GLAND
Weiss, B. (1971) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1971.tb45277.x · Cited by 21
Ravindran, J., Eapen, A. K., & Kar, I. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 12
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Learned helplessness at fifty: Insights from neuroscience.
Maier, S. F., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2016) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/rev0000033 · Cited by 1,031
“As would be expected, social defeat also increased dorsal raphe nucleus 5-HT activity, and this increase was prevented by the prior escapable shock (Amat et al., 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citationStress, serotonin, and hippocampal neurogenesis in relation to depression and antidepressant effects
Mahar, I., Bambico, F. R., Mechawar, N., & Nobrega, J. N. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.11.009 · Cited by 694
The neurobiology of depression and antidepressant action
Willner, P., Scheel-Krüger, J., & Belzung, C. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.12.007 · Cited by 519
Stress, social behavior, and resilience: Insights from rodents
Beery, A. K., & Kaufer, D. (2014) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2014.10.004 · Cited by 394
Role of the medial prefrontal cortex in coping and resilience
Maier, S. F., & Watkins, L. R. (2010) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.08.039 · Cited by 292
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Amat, J., Aleksejev, R. M., Paul, E., Watkins, L. R., & Maier, S. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Amat, J.
- Venue
- Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-02
- Volume
- 165
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1031-1038
- ISSN
- 0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2847505
- OpenAlex
- W1993727909
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (MH 50479)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- escapable shock, inescapable shock, social defeat, stress resilience, learned helplessness, dorsal raphe nucleus, serotonin, social investigation, yoked control
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Dominance-Subordination, Electroshock, Escape Reaction, Exploratory Behavior, Extracellular Space, Helplessness, Learned, Learning, Male, Raphe Nuclei, Serotonin, Stress, Psychological, Time Factors, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
