SNAP-25 in Major Psychiatric Disorders: A Review.
Abstract
Synaptosomal Associated Protein-25 kilodaltons (SNAP-25) is an integral member of the SNARE complex. This complex is essential for calcium-triggered synaptic vesicular fusion and release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. In addition to neurotransmission, SNAP-25 is associated with insulin release, the regulation of intracellular calcium, and neuroplasticity. Because of SNAP-25's varied and crucial biological roles, the consequences of changes in this protein can be seen in both the central nervous system and the periphery. In this review, we will look at the published literature from human genetic, postmortem, and animal studies involving SNAP-25. The accumulated data indicate that SNAP-25 may be linked with some symptoms associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders. These disorders include bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, alcohol use disorder, and dementia. There are also data suggesting SNAP-25 may be involved with non-psychiatric seizures and metabolic disorders. We believe investigation of SNAP-25 is important for understanding both normal behavior and some aspects of the pathophysiology of behavior seen with psychiatric disorders. The wealth of information from both animal and human studies on SNAP-25 offers an excellent opportunity to use a bi-directional research approach. Hypotheses generated from genetically manipulated mice can be directly tested in human postmortem tissue, and, conversely, human genetic and postmortem findings can improve and validate animal models for psychiatric disorders.
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SNAP-25 is associated with the intensity of depressive symptoms in patients with MMD as judged by the Beck MMD Rating Scale.
“SNAP-25 has been proved to be associated with the intensity of depressive symptoms in patients with MMD as judged by the Beck MMD Rating Scale in numerous studies [52].”
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SNAP-25 is the major immunoreactive component of the brain-specific D3 protein
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SNAP25 mutation disrupts metabolic homeostasis, steroid hormone production and central neurobehavior
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The Relationship between SNAP25 and Some Common Human Neurological Syndromes
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Adolescent binge ethanol impacts H3K36me3 regulation of synaptic genes
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Multiple structural states in an intrinsically disordered protein, SNAP-25, using circular dichroism
Sumsion, J. S., Shumway, S. W., Blocker, T. M., Weed, T. D., Chambers, T. M., Poland, R. J., & Woodbury, D. J. (2025) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2025.02.003 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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Genetic control of variability in subcortical and intracranial volumesPreprint
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Chen, Z., Wang, S., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Qi, X., An, B., Sun, L., & Lin, L. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1411114 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Walking together: artificial and natural selection in traditional husbandry of feral pigs
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Neural Mechanisms of Resiliency and Susceptibility After Repeated Social Defeat
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Comparing great apes reveals human-specific ZEB2 roles in neural development
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Nilsson, J., Ashton, N. J., Benedet, A. L., Montoliu‐Gaya, L., Gobom, J., Pascoal, T. A., Chamoun, M., Portelius, E., Jeromin, A., Mendes, M., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20004645
Pavlova, M., Геннадьевна, Ш. И., & Dyuzhikova, N. A. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0350674
- Authors
- Najera, K., Fagan, B. M., & Thompson, P. M.
- Affiliations
- Texas Tech University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Thompson, Peter M.
- ORCID
- Fagan, B. Matthew
- Venue
- Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-11
- Volume
- 420
- Pages
- 79-85
- ISSN
- 0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2916435871
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 107
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 0.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Robert E. and Evelyn Mckee Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- SNAP-25, SNARE complex, mental illness, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, alcoholism, dementia, seizures, metabolic disorders, neurotransmitter release, synaptic vesicle fusion, insulin secretion, intracellular calcium, neuroplasticity, postmortem brain
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Mental Disorders, Humans, Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25
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