Nitrate pharmacokinetics: taking note of the difference

James, Philip E.; Willis, Gareth R.; Allen, Jason D.; Winyard, Paul G.; Jones, Andrew M.

doi:10.1016/j.niox.2015.04.006

Cited by 79Nitric Oxide and Endothelin EffectsCardiovascular and exercise physiologyExercise and Physiological Responses

Nitrate pharmacokinetics: taking note of the difference

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James, Philip E., Willis, Gareth R., Allen, Jason D., Winyard, Paul G., Jones, Andrew M.·2015·Nitric Oxide

DOI 10.1016/j.niox.2015.04.006

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Abstract

It is now recognised that administration of oral nitrate (NO3(-)), in its various forms, increases the level of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites in the circulation of humans. Its application to modulate physiology and alleviate cardiovascular dysfunction in some patients is now recorded and shows particular promise in hypertension, in modifying platelet activation/aggregation, and in conditions where tissue ischaemia prevails. The potential of oral NO3(-) to modify exercise/performance via elevation of plasma nitrite concentration ([NO2(-)]) has been applied across a range of human test systems. Herein we discuss how the choice of NO3(-) source, route of administration and resulting pharmacokinetics might influence the outcome of physiological measures and potentially contribute to discrepancies in performance trials. There are but a few examples of detailed pharmacokinetic data on which the majority of researchers base their test protocols in different cohorts/settings. We compare and contrast the results of key publications with the aim of highlighting a consensus of our current understanding and critical considerations for those entering the field.

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The approach of using plasma nitrite concentration is justified by relationships between plasma nitrite concentrations and physiological effects.
“This approach is justified by the relationships between plasma nitrite concentrations and physiological effects, as demonstrated by James et al. (2015).”
From Do Changes in Oral Microbiota Correlate With Plasma Nitrite Response? A Systematic Review (2019) · cites this paper as James et al., 2015

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Authors: James, P. E., Willis, G. R., Allen, J. D., Winyard, P. G., & Jones, A. M.
Affiliations: Cardiff University (GB)
Victoria University (AU)
University of Exeter (GB)
Corresponding author: James, Philip E.
ORCID: James, Philip E.
Willis, Gareth R.
Allen, Jason D.
Winyard, Paul G.
Jones, Andrew M.
Venue: Nitric Oxide
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2015-08
Volume: 48
Pages: 44-50
ISSN: 1089-8603 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2015.04.006
OpenAlex: W2057097006
Cited by: 79
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 2
FWCI: 5.90
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Nitric Oxide (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) (submittedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion)
Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Cardiff Metropolitan Research Repository (Cardiff Metropolitan University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Keywords: oral nitrates, nitric oxide metabolites, plasma nitrite, exercise performance, hypertension, platelet activation, tissue ischemia, route of administration, nitrate supplementation
MeSH terms: Administration, Oral, Humans, Nitrates, Physical Fitness, Research Design, Vegetables, Exercise

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Nitrate pharmacokinetics: taking note of the difference

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