Habituation to repeated stress: Get used to it

Grissom, Nicola; Bhatnagar, Seema

doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2008.07.001

Cited by 552Stress Responses and CortisolMemory and Neural MechanismsAdrenal Hormones and Disorders

Habituation to repeated stress: Get used to it

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Grissom, Nicola, Bhatnagar, Seema·2009·Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

DOI 10.1016/j.nlm.2008.07.001PMC PMC2773683

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Abstract

Habituation, as described in the landmark paper by Thompson et al. [Thompson, R. F., & Spencer, W. A. (1966). Habituation: A model phenomenon for the study of neuronal substrates of behavior. Psychological Review, 73(1), 16-43], is a form of simple, nonassociative learning in which the magnitude of the response to a specific stimulus decreases with repeated exposure to that stimulus. A variety of neuronal and behavioral responses have been shown to be subject to habituation based on the criteria presented in that paper. It has been known for several decades that the magnitude of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activation occurring in response to a stressor declines with repeated exposure to that same stressor. For some time this decline has been referred to as "habituation" in the stress neurobiology literature. However, how this usage compares to the definition proposed by Thompson and Spencer has not been systematically addressed. For this special issue, we review the stress neurobiology literature and examine the support available for considering declines in HPA response to repeated stress to be response habituation in the sense defined by Thompson and Spencer. We conclude that habituation of HPA activity meets many, but not all, important criteria for response habituation, supporting the use of this term within the context of repeated stress. However, we also propose that response habituation can, at best, only partially explain the phenomenon of HPA habituation, which also involves well-known negative feedback mechanisms, activation of broad stress-related neural circuitry and potentially more complex associative learning mechanisms.

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In habituation, behavioral and physiological responses during initial exposure to a stimulus diminish with repeated presentations of that stimulus.
“In habituation, behavioral and physiological responses during initial exposure to a stimulus diminish with repeated presentations of that stimulus (Grissom and Bhatnagar, 2009;Leussis and Bolivar, 2006;Thompson and Spencer, 1966).”
From Physiological feelings (2019) · cites this paper as Grissom and Bhatnagar, 2009
Regarding chronic stress, habituation occurs to a single stress, and sequential different stresses are required to maintain stress responses.
“Regarding chronic stress, habituation occurs to a single stress, and sequential different stresses are required to maintain stress responses.22,23”
From Preferential loss of dorsal-hippocampus synapses underlies memory impairments provoked by short, multimodal stress (2014) · cites this paper as [22]
PVT is considered a 'stress memory' center.
“PVT is considered a ‘stress memory’ center.22”
From Preferential loss of dorsal-hippocampus synapses underlies memory impairments provoked by short, multimodal stress (2014) · cites this paper as [22]

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Habituation: a model phenomenon for the study of neuronal substrates of behavior
Thompson, R. F., & Spencer, W. A. (1966) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0022681 · Cited by 2,608 · cited 6× · see citing works
“This theme encompasses both Criterion 1, the basic phenomenon of habituation, and Criterion 9, habituation of responses to dishabituating stimuli, as the latter can be viewed as a special case of the former (Thompson & Spencer 1966).”
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“, to decrease in response) when repeatedly exposed to the same stressor or challenge (215).”
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“posure to a stimulus diminish with repeated presentations of that stimulus (Grissom and Bhatnagar, 2009; Leussis and Bolivar, 2006; Thompson and Spencer, 1966).”
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“…learning process whereby behavioral and physiological responses during initial exposure to a stimulus diminish with its repeated presentation (Grissom and Bhatnagar, 2009; Leussis and Bolivar, 2006), extinction constitutes new associative learning whereby a stimulus previously associated…”
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Authors: Grissom, N., & Bhatnagar, S.
Affiliations: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
Corresponding author: Bhatnagar, Seema
ORCID: Grissom, Nicola
Bhatnagar, Seema
Venue: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-09
Volume: 92
Issue: 2
Pages: 215-224
ISSN: 1074-7427 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2008.07.001
PMC: PMC2773683
OpenAlex: W2090779400
Cited by: 552
References: 85
Citations by year: 2026: 34 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 4.47
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH067651)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Keywords: habituation, repeated stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, non-associative learning, negative feedback, associative learning
MeSH terms: Animals, Behavior, Animal, Habituation, Psychophysiologic, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Physical Stimulation, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Stress, Psychological

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Habituation to repeated stress: Get used to it

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