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Cited by 300Nutritional Studies and DietLipoproteins and Cardiovascular HealthFood composition and properties

Non-soy legume consumption lowers cholesterol levels: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

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Bazzano, L.A., Thompson, A.M., Tees, M.T., Nguyen, C.H., Winham, D.M.·2011·Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases
DOI 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.08.012PMC PMC2888631
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Abstract

Background and aims Studies evaluating the effect of legume consumption on cholesterol have focused on soybeans, however non-soy legumes, such as a variety of beans, peas, and some seeds, are commonly consumed in Western countries. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of non-soy legume consumption on blood lipids.Methods and results Studies were retrieved by searching MEDLINE (from January 1966 through July 2009), EMBASE (from January 1980 to July 2009), and the Cochrane Collaboration's Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials using the following terms as medical subject headings and keywords: fabaceae not soybeans not isoflavones and diet or dietary fiber and cholesterol or hypercholesterolemia or triglycerides or cardiovascular diseases. Bibliographies of all retrieved articles were also searched. From 140 relevant reports, 10 randomized clinical trials were selected which compared a non-soy legume diet to control, had a minimum duration of 3 weeks, and reported blood lipid changes during intervention and control. Data on sample size, participant characteristics, study design, intervention methods, duration, and treatment results were independently abstracted by 2 investigators using a standardized protocol. Data from 10 trials representing 268 participants were examined using a random-effects model. Pooled mean net change in total cholesterol for those treated with a legume diet compared to control was -11.8 mg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI], -16.1 to -7.5); mean net change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was -8.0mg/dL (95% CI, -11.4 to -4.6).Conclusion These results indicate that a diet rich in legumes other than soy decreases total and LDL cholesterol.

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  • In the relation between carbohydrate substitution and HDL cholesterol, glycaemic index and fibre content do not appear to play a relevant role.

    “In this respect, both the glycaemic index and the fibre content do not seem to play a relevant role. 178,179”

    From 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias (2016) · cites this paper as [179]

  • Increasing carbohydrate consumption as an isocaloric substitute for fat is associated with a significant decrease in HDL cholesterol of 0.01 mmol/L (0.4 mg/dL) for every 1% energy substitution.

    “Increased carbohydrate consumption as an isocaloric substitution for fat is associated with a significant decrease in HDL-C [0.01 mmol/L (0.4 mg/dL) for every 1% energy substitution].”

    From 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias (2016) · cites this paper as [179]

  • Glycaemic index and fibre content do not seem to play a relevant role in this effect.

    “In this respect, both the glycaemic index and the fibre content do not seem to play a relevant role.178,179”

    From 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias (2016) · cites this paper as [179]

  • In observational studies and RCTs, legume consumption improves CVD risk factors (waist circumference, cholesterol, BP, CRP, glucose) and is protective against T2DM.

    “In observational studies and RCTs consumption of legumes improves CVD risk factors, such as waist circumference, cholesterol, BP, C-reactive protein, glucose; and is protective against T2DM (224–231).”

    From Food Consumption and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease: Importance of Solutions Focused on the Globalized Food System (2015) · cites this paper as [230]

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [13]U.S. Department of Health and Human Services U.S. Department of Agriculture Dietary Guidelines for American, 2005 2005 Washington, D.C. 6th Edition

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Authors
Bazzano, L. A., Thompson, A. M., Tees, M. T., Nguyen, C. H., & Winham, D. M.
Affiliations
Tulane University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2011-02
Volume
21
Issue
2
Pages
94-103
ISSN
0939-4753 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.numecd.2009.08.012
PMC
PMC2888631
OpenAlex
W1964909560
Cited by
300
References
47
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 19
FWCI
1.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Center for Research Resources (P20RR017659)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
Keywords
legume consumption, dietary cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, serum lipids, hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease prevention
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diet, Female, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia, Isoflavones, Fabaceae, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Middle Aged, Triglycerides, Plant Proteins, Dietary, Confidence Intervals, Linear Models, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Young Adult

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