Effect of dietary pulse intake on established therapeutic lipid targets for cardiovascular risk reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Evidence from controlled trials encourages the intake of dietary pulses (beans, chickpeas, lentils and peas) as a method of improving dyslipidemia, but heart health guidelines have stopped short of ascribing specific benefits to this type of intervention or have graded the beneficial evidence as low. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effect of dietary pulse intake on established therapeutic lipid targets for cardiovascular risk reduction. METHODS: We searched electronic databases and bibliographies of selected trials for relevant articles published through Feb. 5, 2014. We included RCTs of at least 3 weeks' duration that compared a diet emphasizing dietary pulse intake with an isocaloric diet that did not include dietary pulses. The lipid targets investigated were low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol. We pooled data using a random-effects model. RESULTS: We identified 26 RCTs (n = 1037) that satisfied the inclusion criteria. Diets emphasizing dietary pulse intake at a median dose of 130 g/d (about 1 serving daily) significantly lowered LDL cholesterol levels compared with the control diets (mean difference -0.17 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval -0.25 to -0.09 mmol/L). Treatment effects on apolipoprotein B and non-HDL cholesterol were not observed. INTERPRETATION: Our findings suggest that dietary pulse intake significantly reduces LDL cholesterol levels. Trials of longer duration and higher quality are needed to verify these results. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, no. NCT01594567.
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Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials have shown reductions in LDL-C of 4-5% for plant proteins at median doses from ~30 g/day.
“4-5% for plant proteins at median doses from ~30 g/day, [34][35][36]”
From Portfolio Dietary Pattern and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Controlled Trials (2018) · cites this paper as [36]
The Conclusion reports an approximately 5% reduction in LDL cholesterol, supporting the claimed magnitude. But the review studied dietary pulses at a median dose of 130 g/day of pulses, not plant protein at approximately 30 g/day; the latter dose and broader category are not established by this paper. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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- Authors
- Ha, V., Sievenpiper, J. L., de Souza, R. J., Jayalath, V. H., Mirrahimi, A., Agarwal, A., Chiavaroli, L., Mejia, S. B., Sacks, F. M., Di Buono, M., Bernstein, A. M., Leiter, L. A., Kris-Etherton, P. M., Vuksan, V., Bazinet, R. P., Josse, R. G., Beyene, J., Kendall, C. W. C., & Jenkins, D. J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Harvard University (US)
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Canadian Medical Association Journal
- Publisher
- CMA Impact Inc.
- Published
- 2014-04-07
- Volume
- 186
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- E252-E262
- ISSN
- 0820-3946 (ISSN-L)
- 1488-2329
- PMC
- PMC4016088
- OpenAlex
- W2105006470
- Cited by
- 194
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 2.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Canadian Medical Association Journal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- Abbott Laboratories
- PepsiCo
- General Mills
- Kellogg's
- Coca-Cola Foundation
- Mead Johnson Nutrition
- California Strawberry Commission
- Canadian Diabetes Association
- Arizona State University
- Danone
- Almond Board of California
- Saskatchewan Pulse Growers
- Canadian Nutrition Society
- St. Michael's Hospital Foundation
- Canola Council of Canada
- Loblaw Companies Limited
- Peanut Institute
- Society for Endocrinology
- European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes
- Hospital for Sick Children
- Alpro Foundation
- International Nut and Dried Fruit Council
- Canadian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (119797)
- Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Keywords
- Fabaceae, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, non-HDL cholesterol, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular risk reduction, plant-based diet, isocaloric diet
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Diet, Reducing, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Lipids, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Diet, Fat-Restricted, Risk Reduction Behavior, Diet, High-Fat
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