Breakfast eating pattern and its association with dietary quality indices and anthropometric measurements in young women in Isfahan
Abstract
Objective To assess the association between consuming or skipping breakfast and dietary quality indices such as the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS), diversity scores of different food groups, and anthropometric measurements in young Isfahanian women. Methods Women 18 to 28 y old were selected randomly from among university students (n = 411) in Isfahan, Iran. A validated semiquantitative questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. Five food groups of the Food Guide Pyramid were considered for calculating the DDS and diversity score of the food groups. Subjects were categorized based on consuming or skipping breakfast. The HEI was calculated based on 10 components including the five food groups, different fat and sodium intakes, and the DDS. Results Breakfast consumers versus skippers had higher scores for the HEI (66 ± 13 versus 47 ± 13, P = 0.001), the DDS (6.8 ± 1.2 versus 4.9 ± 0.7, P = 0.001), and the DDSs for fruits (1.3 ± 0.2 versus 0.9 ± 0.1, P = 0.001), vegetables (1.6 ± 0.2 versus 1.2 ± 0.1, P = 0.001), and whole grains (1.3 ± 0.2 versus 0.9 ± 0.1, P = 0.001). Also, eating breakfast was associated with lower values for dietary energy density (0.96 ± 0.25 versus 1.04 ± 0.40, P = 0.01), the body mass index (20.0 ± 1.8 versus 23.3 ± 2.7, P = 0.001), and waist circumference (69.2 ± 7.6 versus 72.5 ± 8.7, P = 0.001). There was a higher prevalence of breakfast consumers in the third tertiles of the HEI and DDS. However, there was a smaller percentage of breakfast consumers in the third tertiles of the body mass index and waist circumference. Conclusions Breakfast consumption was associated with higher scores of the dietary quality indices and lower values for the body mass index and waist circumference in young Isfahanian women. Further studies should be performed to determine the relation between the kind of breakfast consumed and the dietary quality indices.
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Breakfast skipping was consistently inversely associated with diet quality in six out of nine studies, despite the different definitions used (time-of-day and participant-identified), and in some cases no clear definition was provided.
“Breakfast skipping was consistently inversely associated with diet quality in six out of nine studies, despite the different definitions used (time-of-day( 88 , 94 ) and participant identified( 22 , 23 , 28 , 86 , 90 )), and in some cases, no clear definition was provided( 87 , 93 ).”
From Understanding meal patterns: definitions, methodology and impact on nutrient intake and diet quality (2015) · cites this paper as [94]
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- Authors
- Azadbakht, L., Haghighatdoost, F., Feizi, A., & Esmaillzadeh, A.
- Affiliations
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Azadbakht, Leila
- Venue
- Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-02
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 420-425
- ISSN
- 0899-9007 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1971699988
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 5.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Keywords
- breakfast skipping, breakfast consumption, diet quality, Healthy Eating Index, dietary diversity score, food group diversity, dietary energy density, body mass index, waist circumference, young women, university students, Isfahan
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Energy Intake, Edible Grain, Cross-Sectional Studies, Feeding Behavior, Female, Fruit, Humans, Iran, Nutrition Surveys, Nutritive Value, Obesity, Vegetables, Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Young Adult, Breakfast
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