CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 168Nutrition, Health and Food BehaviorNutritional Studies and DietDietary Effects on Health

Do Breakfast Skipping and Breakfast Type Affect Energy Intake, Nutrient Intake, Nutrient Adequacy, and Diet Quality in Young Adults? NHANES 1999–2002

Deshmukh-Taskar, Priya R, Radcliffe, John D, Liu, Yan, Nicklas, Theresa A·2010·Journal of the American College of Nutrition
DOI 10.1080/07315724.2010.10719858
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of breakfast skipping and type of breakfast consumed on energy/nutrient intake, nutrient adequacy, and diet quality. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2002. SUBJECTS: Young adults (20-39 years, n = 2615). MEASURES: A 24-hour dietary recall was used, with breakfast defined as self-reported. Covariate-adjusted sample-weighted means for the entire day's energy/nutrient intakes, mean adequacy ratio (MAR) for nutrient intakes, and diet quality (i.e., Healthy Eating Index [HEI]-2005) scores were compared using analysis of variance and Bonferroni's correction (p < 0.0167) among breakfast skippers (BS), ready-to-eat-cereal breakfast consumers (RTECC), and other breakfast consumers (OBC). Energy/nutrient intakes and food consumption at breakfast were also compared (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: Twenty-five percent of young adults were BS, 16.5% were RTECC, and 58.4% were OBC. Intakes of total energy, percent energy from carbohydrate, and dietary fiber were higher in RTECC than in BS and OBC. Percent energy intake from added sugars was higher in BS than in RTECC and OBC. Compared with BS and RTECC, OBC consumed a lower percent energy from carbohydrates and total sugars, but consumed a higher percent energy from total fat and discretionary solid fats and had a higher cholesterol intake. Intakes of several micronutrients were higher in RTECC than in BS and OBC. Both MAR and total HEI scores were the highest in RTECC and higher in OBC than in BS. The HEI scores for intakes of whole fruits, total/whole grains, milk, and percent energy from solid fat/alcohol/added sugar were the highest in RTECC and higher in OBC than in BS. Compared with OBC, RTECC had a higher HEI score for the intake of saturated fat. At breakfast, RTECC consumed higher intakes of total fruits, whole grains, dairy products, carbohydrates and total sugars, dietary fiber, and several micronutrients than OBC, who consumed higher intakes of meat/poultry/fish, eggs, total fat, discretionary oils/solid fats, cholesterol, and sodium than RTECC. CONCLUSION: Thus, RTECC had more favorable nutrient intakes and better diet quality than BS and OBC.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/07315724.2010.10719858

Cites

29 of 29 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Only thirteen of these studies examined more than one micronutrient.

    “However, only thirteen of these examined more than one micronutrient( 23 , 30 , 46 , 47 , 52 , 64 – 71 ).”

    From Understanding meal patterns: definitions, methodology and impact on nutrient intake and diet quality (2015) · cites this paper as [23]

  • Eleven studies applied no additional criteria, whereas other studies delineated eating occasions using 15-min, 30-min, 45-min plus 50 kcal, or 59-min intervals.

    “For example, eleven studies( 23 , 45 – 47 , 52 , 66 , 69 , 75 , 78 , 80 , 82 ) applied no additional criteria, whereas in other studies, EO were delineated using 15-min time intervals( 57 , 70 , 77 ), a 30-min interval( 53 ), a 45-min interval plus a 50 kcal (210 kJ) energy criterion( 15 ) and a 59-min interval (applied to meals only)( 48 ).”

    From Understanding meal patterns: definitions, methodology and impact on nutrient intake and diet quality (2015) · cites this paper as [23]

  • Meal patterns were mostly participant-identified, although these studies varied in the additional criteria used to determine an individual eating occasion, meal and/or snack, and their treatment of beverages.

    “Meal patterns were mostly participant-identified( 15 , 23 , 45 – 48 , 52 , 53 , 57 , 66 , 69 , 70 , 75 , 77 , 78 , 82 ), although these studies varied in the additional criteria used to determine an individual EO, meal and/or snack, and their treatment of beverages.”

    From Understanding meal patterns: definitions, methodology and impact on nutrient intake and diet quality (2015) · cites this paper as [23]

  • Of the nine studies identified that examined associations between skipping breakfast and diet quality, six found a negative association and three found no association.

    “Of the nine studies identified that examined associations between skipping breakfast and diet quality, six found a negative association( 22 , 23 , 86 , 87 , 90 , 94 ) and three found no association( 28 , 91 , 93 ).”

    From Understanding meal patterns: definitions, methodology and impact on nutrient intake and diet quality (2015) · cites this paper as [23]

  • The most common measure used to assess overall diet quality was a previously validated and reliability tested a priori diet quality index reflecting adherence to dietary guidelines for the country of the sample population.

    “The most common measure used to assess overall diet quality was a previously validated and reliability tested a priori diet quality index which reflects an individual's adherence to the dietary guidelines for the country of the sample population (for example, the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), the Alternative HEI (AHEI) and the Dietary Guidelines Index (DGI))( 23 , 28 , 86 , 88 – 90 , 92 , 94 ).”

    From Understanding meal patterns: definitions, methodology and impact on nutrient intake and diet quality (2015) · cites this paper as [23]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Deshmukh-Taskar, P. R., Radcliffe, J. D., Liu, Y., & Nicklas, T. A.
Affiliations
  • Texas Woman's University (US)
  • Baylor College of Medicine (US)
Corresponding author
Nicklas, Theresa A
ORCID
Nicklas, Theresa A
Venue
Journal of the American College of Nutrition
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2010-08
Volume
29
Issue
4
Pages
407-418
ISSN
  • 0731-5724 (ISSN-L)
  • 1541-1087
DOI
10.1080/07315724.2010.10719858
OpenAlex
W2074122173
Cited by
168
References
29
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
FWCI
5.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of the American College of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Rural Development Administration
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
Keywords
breakfast skipping, ready-to-eat cereals, young adults, energy intake, nutrient intake, nutritional adequacy, diet quality, Healthy Eating Index, dietary fiber, added sugars, solid fats, cholesterol, micronutrients, dietary habits, 24-hour dietary recall
MeSH terms
Adult, Analysis of Variance, Energy Intake, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Nutrition Surveys, Nutrition Assessment, Diet Records, Micronutrients, Young Adult, Self Report

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review