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Cited by 65Nutrition, Health and Food BehaviorNutritional Studies and DietNutrition and Health Studies

Breakfast and the diets of Australian adults: An analysis of data from the 1995 National Nutrition Survey

Williams, Peter·2005·International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition
DOI 10.1080/09637480500082108
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to describe the nutrients provided to Australian adults by the breakfast meal and to compare the food and nutrient intakes and health of regular breakfast eaters and breakfast skippers. The Australian Bureau of Statistics was commissioned to undertake additional analysis of data collected in the 1995 Australian National Nutrition Survey (NNS). The survey included 24-h recalls, physical measurements and a food habits questionnaire collected during the period February 1995-March 1996, with a nationally representative sample of 10,851 Australians aged 19 years and older. The median nutrient intakes at breakfast and the proportion of the daily total contributed by breakfast were calculated. Differences between regular breakfast eaters and breakfast skippers in terms of nutrient intake, body mass index and health status were compared using Student t-tests. The findings show the typical Australian breakfast was low in fat, high in carbohydrate and a good source of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium and magnesium. In the NNS regular breakfast eaters had more adequate diets overall, particularly those aged 65+ years. People who did not eat breakfast cereal were much more likely to have inadequate nutrient intakes, especially of thiamin, riboflavin, calcium, magnesium and iron. Regular breakfast eaters were more likely to rate their health as excellent or good than those who skip breakfast, but there was no difference between the fat intake or the body mass index of regular breakfast eaters compared with breakfast skippers. Regular breakfast consumption is associated with better diets for adults overall.

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  • Eleven studies applied no additional criteria, whereas other studies delineated eating occasions using 15-min, 30-min, 45-min plus 50 kcal, or 59-min intervals.

    “For example, eleven studies( 23 , 45 – 47 , 52 , 66 , 69 , 75 , 78 , 80 , 82 ) applied no additional criteria, whereas in other studies, EO were delineated using 15-min time intervals( 57 , 70 , 77 ), a 30-min interval( 53 ), a 45-min interval plus a 50 kcal (210 kJ) energy criterion( 15 ) and a 59-min interval (applied to meals only)( 48 ).”

    From Understanding meal patterns: definitions, methodology and impact on nutrient intake and diet quality (2015) · cites this paper as [69]

  • Williams found that among older Australian adults (aged 65 years or older), the prevalence of not meeting the recommended daily intakes for almost all nutrients examined was, among breakfast skippers, twice that of regular breakfast eaters.

    “In addition, Williams( 69 ) found that, among older Australian adults (aged ≥ 65 years), the prevalence of not meeting the recommended daily intakes for almost all nutrients examined was, among breakfast skippers, twice that of regular breakfast eaters.”

    From Understanding meal patterns: definitions, methodology and impact on nutrient intake and diet quality (2015) · cites this paper as [69]

  • Skipping meals other than breakfast has rarely been examined but may be important, particularly for vulnerable groups such as the elderly.

    “Skipping meals other than breakfast has rarely been examined but may be important, particularly for vulnerable groups such as the elderly( 69 , 91 ).”

    From Understanding meal patterns: definitions, methodology and impact on nutrient intake and diet quality (2015) · cites this paper as [69]

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Authors
Williams, P.
Affiliations
University of Wollongong (AU)
Corresponding author
Williams, Peter
ORCID
Williams, Peter
Venue
International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2005-01
Volume
56
Issue
1
Pages
65-79
ISSN
  • 0963-7486 (ISSN-L)
  • 1465-3478
DOI
10.1080/09637480500082108
OpenAlex
W1979599573
Cited by
65
References
37
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 4
FWCI
2.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
Keywords
breakfast consumption, breakfast skipping, nutrient intake, nutritional adequacy, thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, calcium, magnesium, iron, breakfast cereals, body mass index, health status, Australian adults
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Australia, Diet, Dietary Carbohydrates, Feeding Behavior, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Minerals, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Nutrition Surveys, Vitamins, Body Mass Index

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